Assignment GO 222: Hydrometeorology

1 a) Explain briefly the evaporation process. What are the factors that influence the process
of evaporation ?
b) Suggest a method of estimating evaporation from a storage reservoir.
c) Recommend measures to reduce reservoir evaporation.
d) Water at a constant rate of 370 m3/s was observed to be entering into Wami Reservoir
in a certain season. If outflow from the reservoir including infiltration and evaporation losses
is 280 m3/s, find out the change in storage of reservoir for 10 such days. Also convert your
answer into Hectare-Meter

2. a) Explain how can evapotranspiration be estimated from pan evaporation data?

b) Is evapotranspiration same as consumptive use? What are the factors, which affect
evapotranspiration?
A part of catchment area of Luwegu River measuring 78 km2 received 100 mm of rainfall in
3 hours due to a storm. A drainage stream joins this part of catchment to the Luwegu River.
The stream was dry before rainfall and there was flow in the stream for a period of 2.5 days
with an average discharge of 10 m3/s. After the storm runoff, the stream again became dry.
Find the direct runoff and losses in Cumecs

3. It is ascertained that various factors affect the shape of the flood hydrograph. What
are those factors? Grouping the above under rainfall factors, loss factors and physiographic
factors, indicate how all these affect the shape of the hydrograph.
b) Given below are the streamflows from a catchment area of 20 km due to a storm of 1-
hour
duration. Find the surface runoff hydrograph ordinates from an effective rainfall (net rain) of
6 cm and of duration 1 hour. Assume a constant base flow of 15 cumec.
Time (hr): 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Stream 15 25 50 55 48 35 30 27 ) 24 20 15
flow
(cumec)

4.
I. Describe the hydrological cycle and its key processes
II. How can remote sensing technologies be used to study hydrological variables
such as precipitation and evapotranspiration?
III. a). Suppose planet A is exactly twice the size (in surface area) of planet B. If
both planets have the same exact surface temperature (1500 K), which planet
 would be emitting the most radiation? Determine the wavelength of maximum
energy emission of both planets, using Wien’s law.
(b). If the temperature of planet A remained the same, determine which planet
(A or B) would now be emitting the most radiation (use the Stefan-Boltzmann
relationship on). Explain your answer.

5.
I. Define ‘rain-gauge density’. A catchment has 5 rain gauge stations, for 6%
error in estimation of mean rainfall and coefficient of variation of rainfall
values of existing stations is 20. Determine the additional no. of stations
needed.
II. Define ‘rain-gauge density’ and explain how you would determine the
optimum number of rain-gauges to be erected in a given basin. (b) In a
certain river basin there are six rain-gauge stations, the normal annual
rainfall depths at the stations being 42.4, 53.6, 67.8, 78.5, 82.7 and 95.5
cm, respectively. Determine the optimum number of rain-gauge stations to
be established in the basin if the percentage accuracy of the desired
network is 85%.
III. Find the mean precipitation for the area shown in Fig. below by Thiessen
polygon method. The area is composed of a square plus an equilateral
triangular plot of side 2 km. Rainfall readings are in cm at the various
stations indicated.

6.
I. The mass curve of precipitation resulted from the storm of 14 August 1983
gave the following results:

Time 22.0 22.0 22.1 22.1 22.2 22.2 22.3 22.3 22.4 22.4 22.5
hr 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0
Dept 0 10.2 20.8 33.0 47.2 55.8 64.0 77.6 78.8 85.4 91.4
h mm

For the storm construct a hyetograph and draw the maximum-intensity-

duration curve.
II. Over a period of 30 years from 1971-2000, records of daily rainfall data
have been collected. One site X was inspected in 1985 and a large Willow
 tree was found to be over-shadowing the gauge. This was cut down in the
same year. The data from the gauge was found to be of great potential
value in a subsequent reservoir study and a means for inspecting and
adjusting the data was sought.
a) Use the double mass analysis technique to carry out the following
operations using the data in the table:
b) Determine the approximate date of the first significant evidence for
over-shadowing of Gauge X; does the felling of the tree appear to
have solved the gauging problem?
c) Evaluate a correction ratio that can be used to adjust incorrect
values. (Hint: use graph paper or excel to solve the question)
Gauge Other gauge Other gauge
Year X average Year Gauge X average
1971 700 510 1986 640 620
1972 550 520 1987 720 360
1973 480 490 1988 510 690
1974 810 620 1989 880 600
1975 430 640 1990 590 580
1976 910 610 1991 710 470
1977 440 550 1992 560 720
1978 890 1110 1993 770 640
1979 470 680 1994 780 660
1980 300 640 1995 770 540
1981 420 620 1996 790 850
1982 430 770 1997 680 630
1983 350 800 1998 340 330
1984 330 710 1999 590 510
1985 880 730 2000 340 340

7.
a. Explain the methods of determining the mean areal depth of rainfall
b. The isohyetal maps are given in Fig. 1 and 2, respectively, for different
drainage basins. Areas and precipitation values are tabulated. Compute the
average precipitation over the basins
Zone I II III IV V VI
Area (Km2) 56 192 420 244 44 58
Zone I II III IV V VI
Area (Km2) 63 278 389 220 55 33
Assignment Instructions and Important Dates
1. Answer the Questions Based on the Arrangement
Each group should carefully address the questions based on the provided arrangement and
guidelines. Ensure that your answers are detailed, well-structured, and supported by relevant
calculations and explanations.
2. Assignment Submission: Due Date: Sunday, June 8, 2024
Submission Details: Assignments should be compiled and submitted by the due date,
ensuring all group members have reviewed and contributed to the final document.
3. GO222 Test Preparation: Test Date: Tuesday, June 4, 2024
Preparation: Make sure to allocate sufficient time to study and prepare for the GO222 test.
Review relevant materials, practice problems, and discuss key concepts with your group to
ensure a thorough understanding of the subject matter.

Question Group Number

1 1,8,15,21,28
2 2,9,16,22,29
3 3,10,17,23,30
4 4,11,18,24,31
5 5,12,19,25,
6 6,13,20,26
7 7,14,27,32