Lecture 5-2

Design of Urban Drainage

Design of Storm water inlets
 Gutters and inlets
• The objective in highway drainage design is
– to safely collect runoff from gutters and
– Intercept it using storm water inlets
– Inlets subsequently direct flow to subsurface
conveyance systems, culverts, or ditches.
– Proper design of these facilities is thus essential to
maintaining safe vehicular and pedestrian travel
conditions and ensures that highway service levels
will avoid disruption
 Gutters and inlets
• The following is a list of key factors that affect
spread, and thus require special consideration in
specification of inlets:
– Frequency of the design runoff event and a
corresponding rainfall intensity
– Physical characteristics of the drainage surface,
including size, pavement grade or longitudinal slope,
lateral cross slope, drainage length, and roughness
– Physical characteristics of the inlet, including the type
of inlet, and its dimensions, capacity, and efficiency
– Location or spacing of inlets along the drainage
surface
 Flows in Gutter
1. Uniform Sections:
– Uniform gutters have a
shallow, triangular cross
section,
– The curb forming the near-
vertical leg of the triangle,
and extend 0.3 to 1 m
toward the centerline of
the roadway.
– The curb prevents erosion
of fill slopes and serves to
delineate adjacent
property from the highway
• Flow could be derived by
integrating Manning’s equation for
an increment of cross-sectional • Q gutter flow rate in m3/s
width • Kc empirical constant equal to
0.376 (0.56 in English units)
• n Manning’s roughness
• Assuming resistance due to the
coefficient
curb face is negligible, a reasonable
• Sx gutter cross slope in m/m
assumption for uniform cross
• SL longitudinal slope, or grade,
slopes less than 10 percent, the of the highway in m/m
integration yields • T spread of water onto the
pavement in m (ft), or top width
of flow
 Gutters and inlets
• spread can be related to
flow depth at the curb,
d,
 Design example
• Evaluate the spread and depth at the curb for a
triangular gutter section carrying a design discharge
of 0.09 m3 / s and having a uniform cross slope of
0.022 m/m, Manning’s roughness of 0.015, and
longitudinal slope of 0.014 m/m.
 Runoff travel time
• Travel time for flow in gutters is an important aspect of time of
concentration used for designing drainage inlets
• Assuming flow varies spatially from Q1 at the beginning of a
gutter section to Q2 at the drainage inlet, the gutter
component of time of concentration, tg , is found by dividing
the average flow velocity into the length of gutter section.
 Runoff travel time
The overland flow portion of time of concentration can be
computed using the kinematic wave equation
• Note that since rainfall intensity is
dependent on ts , which is initially
unknown, solution to this relationship is an
Where iterative process.
• ts, overland flow component of time • Using an assumed estimate of ts , the
of concentration in minutes intensity is obtained from regional IDF data.
• Kc, empirical coefficient equal to • The value computed is then compared with
6.943 (0.933 in English units) the assumed value.
• If they are not equal, the process is
• I, rainfall intensity in mm/hr (in / hr)
repeated until the successive estimates of ts
for a duration equal to the time of are the same obtained from regional IDF
concentration for overland flow data
• N, Manning’s roughness coefficient, • The value computed is then compared with
• Ls, overland flow length in m the assumed value. If they are not equal,
the process is repeated until the successive
• S, surface slope in m/m
estimates of ts are the same
 Runoff travel time
• The total time of concentration is found by
summing the overland flow travel time and
gutter flow component

where tc time of concentration in minutes

Va average gutter flow velocity in m/ s (ft / s)
Lg length of the gutter section in m (ft)
 Runoff travel time
• The average gutter velocity is obtained by integrating
Manning’s equation with respect to time and
distance.
• For a triangular, curbed gutter section, the resultant
can be expressed as
 Runoff travel time

• where T1 and T2 are the spread at theupstream

and downstream ends of the gutter section
being evaluated, respectively, in m
 Example 2 Solution
• Using the partial intensity-duration- • Step 1. Determine the overland flow
frequency data below, determine the time
portion of time of concentration.
of concentration for a storm water inlet
– a. Assume ts 10 minutes
draining an area of short grass prairie (n=
0.15) flowing to a 150-m long triangular – b. From the IDF data, rainfall intensity is
147 minutes at a duration of 10 minutes
gutter section. The overland flow length and
– c. Compute ts from Eq. (5.13)
slope for the grassland are 200 m and 0.036
m/m, respectively. The gutter section has a
cross slope of 0.025 m/m, Manning’s
roughness of 0.016, and a longitudinal slope
of 0.020 m/m. Assume that the spread at - d. Since the assumed and computed
the upstream end of the gutter section is values are not equal, repeat steps a
0.80 m, as a result of upstream bypass through c with an assumed ts 19.7
flows, and the design spread at the minutes. The following table
downstream inlet is 3.0 m. summarizes the convergence upon the
actual value of 22.4 minutes.
Solution
 Inlet Design
• Highway drainage inlets and locations, spacing
 Design Assignment
1. Embankment inlets and Design of detention
system
2. Bridge deck drainage and Design of culvert
3. Design of infiltration basins
4. Highway drainage inlets and locations,
spacing