Lecture 13

Java SE Database Programming

presentation
Java Programming – Software App Development
Cristian Toma

D.I.C.E/D.E.I.C – Department of Economic Informatics & Cybernetics

www.dice.ase.ro
Cristian Toma – Business Card
Agenda for Lecture 13

1 2 3
JDBC, RDBMS
& NoSQL
Concepts
NoSQL
Programming
Exchange
Ideas
 1
JDBC Driver Types, JDBC API

JDBC Concepts
 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC Concepts:
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) is an Application
Programming Interface(API) used to connect Java
application with Database. JDBC is used to interact with
various type of Database such as Oracle, MS Access, My
SQL and SQL Server (even SQLite). JDBC can also be
defined as the platform-independent interface between a
relational database and Java programming. It allows Java
program to execute SQL statement and retrieve result from
database.

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 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC Driver Types:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC Driver 1:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC Driver 2:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC Driver 3:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC Driver 4:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC API:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC API:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
JDBC Steps:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
1 - JDBC Steps:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
2 - JDBC Steps:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
3 - JDBC Steps:

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 1. JDBC Concepts
4 - JDBC Steps:

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 1. NoSQL Concepts
MongoDB is an open-source document database and leading NoSQL
database. MongoDB is written in C++. MongoDB is a cross-platform,
document oriented database that provides, high performance, high
availability, and easy scalability. MongoDB works on concept of collection
and document.
Database
Database is a physical container for collections. Each database gets its
own set of files on the file system. A single MongoDB server typically has
multiple databases.
Collection
Collection is a group of MongoDB documents. It is the equivalent of an
RDBMS table. A collection exists within a single database. Collections do
not enforce a schema. Documents within a collection can have different
fields. Typically, all documents in a collection are of similar or related
purpose.
Document
A document is a set of key-value pairs. Documents have dynamic
schema. Dynamic schema means that documents in the same collection
do not need to have the same set of fields or structure, and common
fields in a collection's documents may hold different types of data.
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Concepts
The following table shows the relationship of RDBMS terminology with MongoDB.

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 1. NoSQL Concepts
Sample Document

Following example shows the document structure of a blog site, which is

simply a comma separated key value pair.
{
_id: ObjectId(7df78ad8902c)
title: 'MongoDB Overview',
description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',
by: 'tutorials point',
url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
likes: 100,
comments: [
{ user:'user1', message: 'My first comment', dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,20,2,15), like: 0 },
{ user:'user2', message: 'My second comments', dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,25,7,45), like: 5 }
]
}
_id is a 12 bytes hexadecimal number which assures the uniqueness of every document. You
can provide _id while inserting the document. If you don’t provide then MongoDB provides a
unique id for every document. These 12 bytes first 4 bytes for the current timestamp, next 3
bytes for machine id, next 2 bytes for process id of MongoDB server and remaining 3 bytes are
simple incremental VALUE.
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Concepts
Any relational database has a typical schema design that shows number of tables and the relationship between
these tables. While in MongoDB, there is no concept of relationship.

Advantages of MongoDB over RDBMS

• Schema less − MongoDB is a document database in which one collection holds different documents. Number of
fields, content and size of the document can differ from one document to another.
• Structure of a single object is clear.
• No complex joins.
• Deep query-ability. MongoDB supports dynamic queries on documents using a document-based query language
that's nearly as powerful as SQL.
• Tuning.
• Ease of scale-out − MongoDB is easy to scale.
• Conversion/mapping of application objects to database objects not needed.
• Uses internal memory for storing the (windowed) working set, enabling faster access of data.
Why Use MongoDB?
• Document Oriented Storage − Data is stored in the form of JSON style documents.
• Index on any attribute
• Replication and high availability
• Rich queries
• Fast in-place updates
• Professional support by MongoDB
Where to Use MongoDB?
• Big Data
• Content Management and Delivery
• Mobile and Social Infrastructure
• User Data Management
• Data Hub
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Concepts
Install MongoDB in Ubuntu 14.04 / for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS please see the readme file

$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv

0C49F3730359A14518585931BC711F9BA15703C6

$ echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu trusty/mongodb-org/testing multiverse" |

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.4.list

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install -y mongodb

$ sudo service mongodb start

$ sudo service mongodb stop

### $ telnet localhost 27017

$ sudo find / -name mongo

$ mongo
> db.stats()
 1. NoSQL Concepts – Data Modelling

Data in MongoDB has a flexible schema.documents in the same

collection. They do not need to have the same set of fields or structure,
and common fields in a collection’s documents may hold different types
of data.

Some considerations while designing Schema in MongoDB

• Design your schema according to user requirements.

• Combine objects into one document if you will use them together.
Otherwise separate them (but make sure there should not be need of
joins).

• Duplicate the data (but limited) because disk space is cheap as

compare to compute time.

• Do joins while write, not on read.

• Optimize your schema for most frequent use cases.

• Do complex aggregation in the schema.
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Concepts – Data Modelling
Data Modelling Example
Suppose a client needs a database design for
his blog/website and see the differences
between RDBMS and MongoDB schema
design. Website has the following
requirements.
• Every post has the unique title, description
and URL.
• Every post can have one or more tags.
• Every post has the name of its publisher
and total number of likes.
• Every post has comments given by users
along with their name, message, data-time
and likes.
• On each post, there can be zero or more
comments.

In RDBMS schema,
design for above
requirements will have
minimum three tables.
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 1. NoSQL Hands-On

The use Command – CREATE DATABASE

MongoDB use DATABASE_NAME is used to create database. The command will create a new
database if it doesn't exist, otherwise it will return the existing database.
Syntax
Basic syntax of use DATABASE statement is as follows − use DATABASE_NAME
Example
If you want to create a database with name <mydb>, then use DATABASE statement would
be as follows −
>use mydb
switched to db mydb
To check your currently selected database, use the command db
>db mydb
If you want to check your databases list, use the command show dbs.
>show dbs
local 0.78125GB
test 0.23012GB
Your created database (mydb) is not present in list. To display database, you need to insert at
least one document into it.
>db.movie.insert({"name":"tutorials point"})
>show dbs
local 0.78125GB
mydb 0.23012GB
test 0.23012GB
In MongoDB default database is test. If you didn't create any database, then collections will be
stored in test database. https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The dropDatabase() Method – DELETE DATABASE

MongoDB db.dropDatabase() command is used to drop a existing database.

Syntax
Basic syntax of dropDatabase() command is as follows −
db.dropDatabase()
This will delete the selected database. If you have not selected any database, then
it will delete default 'test' database.
Example
First, check the list of available databases by using the command, show dbs.
>show dbs
local 0.78125GB
mydb 0.23012GB
test 0.23012GB
If you want to delete new database <mydb>, then dropDatabase() command
would be as follows −
>use mydb
switched to db mydb
>db.dropDatabase()
>{ "dropped" : "mydb", "ok" : 1 }
Now check list of databases.
>show dbs
local 0.78125GB
test 0.23012GB https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The
createCollection()
Method – CREATE
COLLECTION <->
“TABLE”

MongoDB db.create
Collection(name,
options) is used to
create collection.
In the
command, name is
name of collection
to be
created. Options is
a document and is
used to specify
configuration of
collection.

https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The createCollection() Method – CREATE COLLECTION <-> “TABLE”
Examples
Basic syntax of createCollection() method without options is as follows −
>use test
switched to db test
>db.createCollection("mycollection")
{ "ok" : 1 }
You can check the created collection by using the command show collections.
>show collections
mycollection
system.indexes
The following example shows the syntax of createCollection() method with few
important options −
>db.createCollection("mycol", { capped : true, autoIndexId : true, size : 6142800, max : 10000 } )
{ "ok" : 1 }
In MongoDB, you don't need to create collection. MongoDB creates collection
automatically, when you insert some document.
>db.tutorialspoint.insert({"name" : "tutorialspoint"})
>show collections
mycol
mycollection
system.indexes
tutorialspoint
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The drop() Method – DELETE COLLECTION <-> “TABLE”
MongoDB's db.collection.drop() is used to drop a collection from the database.
Syntax
Basic syntax of drop() command is as follows −
db.COLLECTION_NAME.drop()
Example
First, check the available collections into your database mydb.
>use mydb
switched to db mydb
>show collections
mycol
mycollection
system.indexes
tutorialspoint
Now drop the collection with the name mycollection.
>db.mycollection.drop()
true
Again check the list of collections into database.
>show collections
mycol
system.indexes
tutorialspoint
drop() method will return true, if the selected collection is dropped successfully,
otherwise it will return false. https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Concepts
MongoDB supports many datatypes. Some of them are −
• String − This is the most commonly used datatype to store the data. String in
MongoDB must be UTF-8 valid.
• Integer − This type is used to store a numerical value. Integer can be 32 bit or
64 bit depending upon your server.
• Boolean − This type is used to store a boolean (true/ false) value.
• Double − This type is used to store floating point values.
• Min/ Max keys − This type is used to compare a value against the lowest and
highest BSON elements.
• Arrays − This type is used to store arrays or list or multiple values into one key.
• Timestamp − ctimestamp. This can be handy for recording when a document has
been modified or added.
• Object − This datatype is used for embedded documents.
• Null − This type is used to store a Null value.
• Symbol − This datatype is used identically to a string; however, it's generally
reserved for languages that use a specific symbol type.
• Date − This datatype is used to store the current date or time in UNIX time
format. You can specify your own date time by creating object of Date and passing
day, month, year into it.
• Object ID − This datatype is used to store the document’s ID.
• Binary data − This datatype is used to store binary data.
• Code − This datatype is used to store JavaScript code into the document.
• Regular expression − This datatype is used to store regular expression.
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The insert() Method – INSERT DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW”
To insert data into MongoDB collection, you need to use
MongoDB's insert() or save() method.
Syntax
The basic syntax of insert() command is as follows −
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.insert(document)
Example
>db.mycol.insert({ _id: ObjectId(7df78ad8902c), title: 'MongoDB Overview', description:
'MongoDB is no sql database', by: 'tutorials point', url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'], likes: 100 })
Here mycol is our collection name, as created in the previous chapter. If
the collection doesn't exist in the database, then MongoDB will create this
collection and then insert a document into it.
In the inserted document, if we don't specify the _id parameter, then
MongoDB assigns a unique ObjectId for this document.
_id is 12 bytes hexadecimal number unique for every document in a
collection. 12 bytes are divided as follows −
_id: ObjectId(4 bytes timestamp, 3 bytes machine id, 2 bytes process id, 3 bytes incrementer)

To insert multiple documents in a single query, you can pass an array of

documents in insert() command.
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 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The insert() Method – INSERT DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW”
Example
>db.post.insert([
{
title: 'MongoDB Overview',
description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',
by: 'tutorials point',
url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
likes: 100
},
{ title: 'NoSQL Database', description: 'NoSQL database doesn't have tables', by: 'tutorials
point', url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com', tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'], likes: 20,
comments: [ { user:'user1', message: 'My first comment', dateCreated: new
Date(2013,11,10,2,35), like: 0 } ] } ])

To insert the document you can use db.post.save(document) also. If you

don't specify _id in the document then save() method will work same
as insert() method. If you specify _id then it will replace whole data of
document containing _id as specified in save() method.
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The find() Method – QUERY DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW”
To query data from MongoDB collection, you need to use MongoDB's find() method.
Syntax
The basic syntax of find() method is as follows −
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find()
find() method will display all the documents in a non-structured way.
The pretty() Method
To display the results in a formatted way, you can use pretty() method.
Syntax
>db.mycol.find().pretty()
Example
>db.mycol.find().pretty()
{
"_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB Overview",
"description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
"by": "tutorials point",
"url": "http://www.tutorialspoint.com",
"tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
"likes": "100"
}
Apart from find() method, there is findOne() method, that returns only one
document.
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The find() Method – QUERY DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW”
RDBMS Where Clause Equivalents in MongoDB
To query the document on the basis of some condition, you can use following operations.
Operation Syntax Example RDBMS Equivalent

Equality {<key>:<value>} db.mycol.find({"by":"tuto where by = 'tutorials

rials point"}).pretty() point'

Less Than {<key>:{$lt:<value>}} db.mycol.find({"likes":{$lt where likes < 50

:50}}).pretty()
Less Than Equals {<key>:{$lte:<value>}} db.mycol.find({"likes":{$lt where likes <= 50
e:50}}).pretty()

Greater Than {<key>:{$gt:<value>}} db.mycol.find({"likes":{$g where likes > 50

t:50}}).pretty()

Greater Than Equals {<key>:{$gte:<value>}} db.mycol.find({"likes":{$g where likes >= 50

te:50}}).pretty()

Not Equals {<key>:{$ne:<value>}} db.mycol.find({"likes":{$n where likes != 50

e:50}}).pretty()
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The find() Method – QUERY DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW” with AND
Syntax
In the find() method, if you pass multiple keys by separating them by ','
then MongoDB treats it as AND condition. Following is the basic syntax
of AND −
>db.mycol.find( { $and: [ {key1: value1}, {key2:value2} ] } ).pretty()
Example
Following example will show all the tutorials written by 'tutorials point' and
whose title is 'MongoDB Overview'.

>db.mycol.find( {$and:[{"by":"tutorials point"},{"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]} ).pretty()

{
"_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB Overview",
"description": "MongoDB is no sql database", "by": "tutorials point", "url":
"http://www.tutorialspoint.com", "tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"], "likes": "100"
}
For the above given example, equivalent where clause will be ' where by =
'tutorials point' AND title = 'MongoDB Overview' '. You can pass any
number of key, value pairs in find clause.
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The find() Method – QUERY DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW” with OR
Syntax
To query documents based on the OR condition, you need to
use $or keyword. Following is the basic syntax of OR −

>db.mycol.find( { $or: [ {key1: value1}, {key2:value2} ] } ).pretty()

Example
Following example will show all the tutorials written by 'tutorials point' or
whose title is 'MongoDB Overview'.

>db.mycol.find( {$or:[{"by":"tutorials point"}, {"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]} ).pretty()

{
"_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB Overview",
"description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
"by": "tutorials point",
"url": "http://www.tutorialspoint.com",
"tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
"likes": "100”
}
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The find() Method – QUERY DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW” with
AND + OR Together
Example
The following example will show the documents that have likes greater than
10 and whose title is either 'MongoDB Overview' or by is 'tutorials point'.
Equivalent SQL where clause is 'where likes>10 AND (by = 'tutorials
point' OR title = 'MongoDB Overview')’

>db.mycol.find( {"likes": {$gt:10}, $or: [{"by": "tutorials point"}, {"title": "MongoDB

Overview"}] } ).pretty()

{
"_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB Overview",
"description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
"by": "tutorials point",
"url": "http://www.tutorialspoint.com",
"tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
"likes": "100"
}
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The update() Method – UPDATE DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW”
MongoDB's update() and save() methods are used to update document into a collection. The
update() method updates the values in the existing document while the save() method
replaces the existing document with the document passed in save() method.
The update() method updates the values in the existing document.
Syntax
The basic syntax of update() method is as follows −
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.update(SELECTION_CRITERIA, UPDATED_DATA)
Example
Consider the mycol collection has the following data.
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec5), "title":"MongoDB Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec6), "title":"NoSQL Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point Overview"}
Following example will set the new title 'New MongoDB Tutorial' of the documents
whose title is 'MongoDB Overview'.
>db.mycol.update( {'title':'MongoDB Overview'}, {$set:{'title':'New MongoDB Tutorial'}} )
>db.mycol.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec5), "title":"New MongoDB Tutorial"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec6), "title":"NoSQL Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point Overview"}
By default, MongoDB will update only a single document. To update multiple
documents, you need to set a parameter 'multi' to true.
>db.mycol.update({'title':'MongoDB Overview'}, {$set:{'title':'New MongoDB Tutorial'}},{multi:true})
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The save() Method – SAVE/UPDATE DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW”

The save() method replaces the existing document with the new
document passed in the save() method.

Syntax
The basic syntax of MongoDB save() method is shown below −

>db.COLLECTION_NAME.save({_id:ObjectId(),NEW_DATA})
Example

Following example will replace the document with the _id

'5983548781331adf45ec7'.

>db.mycol.save( { "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point New

Topic", "by":"Tutorials Point" } )

>db.mycol.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec5), "title":"Tutorials Point New Topic",
"by":"Tutorials Point"} { "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec6), "title":"NoSQL Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point Overview"} >
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The remove() Method – DELETE DOCUMENT <-> “TUPLE/ROW”
MongoDB's remove() method is used to remove a document from the
collection. remove() method accepts two parameters. One is deletion
criteria and second is justOne flag.
• deletion criteria − (Optional) deletion criteria according to documents
will be removed.
• justOne − (Optional) if set to true or 1, then remove only one document.
Syntax
Basic syntax of remove() method is as follows −
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.remove(DELLETION_CRITTERIA)
Example
Consider the mycol collection has the following data.
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec5), "title":"MongoDB Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec6), "title":"NoSQL Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point Overview"}
Following example will remove all the documents whose title is 'MongoDB
Overview'.
>db.mycol.remove({'title':'MongoDB Overview'})
>db.mycol.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec6), "title":"NoSQL Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point Overview"}
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
 1. NoSQL Hands-On
The find() Method – PROJECTION of COLLECTION <-> “TABLE”
In MongoDB, projection means selecting only the necessary data rather than selecting whole of
the data of a document. If a document has 5 fields and you need to show only 3, then select
only 3 fields from them.
MongoDB's find() method, exposed in QUERY DOCUMENT section, accepts second optional
parameter that is list of fields that you want to retrieve. In MongoDB, when you
execute find() method, then it displays all fields of a document. To limit this, you need to set a
list of fields with value 1 or 0. 1 is used to show the field while 0 is used to hide the fields.
Syntax
The basic syntax of find() method with projection is as follows −
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.find( {}, {KEY:1} )
Example
Consider the collection mycol has the following data −
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec5), "title":"MongoDB Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec6), "title":"NoSQL Overview"}
{ "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point Overview"}
Following example will display the title of the document while querying the
document.
>db.mycol.find( {}, {"title":1, _id:0} )
{"title":"MongoDB Overview"}
{"title":"NoSQL Overview"}
{"title":"Tutorials Point Overview"}
Please note _id field is always displayed while executing find() method, if you don't
want this field, then you need to set it as 0.
https://www.tutorials point.com/mongodb/index.htm
Section Conclusion
Java is suitable for
Fact:

Databases
In few samples it is simple to understand: JDBC
API, NoSQL programming and remember
databases concepts.
 2
Java SQLite – SQL Insert, Select, Update, Delete + NoSQL - MongoDB

Java SQLite/MySQL JDBC & NoSQL-MongoDB

Programming
2. JDBC Programming
2. JDBC Programming
2. JDBC Programming
2. JDBC Programming
 Section Conclusions
Please review:
- JDBC API,
- NoSQL library and,
- Database Programming.

JDBC Programming
for easy sharing
 3
Java Relational & NoSQL

Communicate & Exchange Ideas

 ?
Questions & Answers!

But wait…
There’s More!
What’s
Thanks!Your Message?

Java SE – Java Standard Edition Programming

End of Lecture 13 – Database Programming