Engineering Hydrology (2-2-1) Course Objectives: After successful completion of course the students will beable to: tse topographical maps for hydrological analyses estimate average rainfall from different methods and analyze the rainfall data analyze rainfall ~ runoff to estimate average monthly flow Sill missing data in hydro-meteorological data series tase double mass curve for estimating data consistency of rainfall and river flow «develop intensity duration frequency curve from 24 hour maximum rainfall estimate flood flow of un-gauged and gauged rivers (WECS/DHM, MIP, Rational ‘method, Modified Dickens, Gumbel, Log Person Type Ill, Log Normal) ‘reasurestream discharge using current meter, float and salt dilution methods. Course Contents: 1 Implement from 2011-Bateh Introduction hrs) LL. Seope and application of engineering hydrology 1.2. Hydrologic eycle and water balance 1.3. Hydro-meteorological data availability in Nepal PhysicalHlydrology (hrs) 2.1 Causes, forms and types of precipitation 2.2 Measurement of rainfall (typesand adequacy offain gauges) 2.3 Estimation of missing rainfall data 24 Test for consistency of recorded rainfall data (double mass curve) 5 Mean precipitation over an area (Thessian and Isohyetal Methods) 2.6 Presentation of rainfall data (Mass curve, Hyetograph, Point Rainfall) 2.7 Development of Intensity-Duration-Prequency (IDF) Curve from 24-hour rainfall Hydrological Losses (Shrs) 3.1 Initial tosses (Interception and Depression Storage) 3.2. Evaporation process factors affecting evaporation (vapor pressure, radiation, temperature, humidity, wind, atmospheric pressure, soluble sas, heat storage in water bodes) 3.3 _Evapotranspiration (AET, PET):evapotranspiration equations (Penman’s Equation) 3.4 Infiltation 3.4.1 Measurement of infiltration (Flooding Type and Rainfall Simulator) : 3.4.2 Infiltration indices (p-index, W-Index) ‘Surface Runoff and Flow Measurement (Shey) 4.1. Drainage basin and its quantitative characteristics 42 Factors affecting surface runof?43. Rainfill-runoff corelation(Linear) 44 Stream gauging selection of site, types of gauges and their selection 4.5 Stream flow measurement 45.1 Velocity area method, current meters, floats, velocity rods and dilution techniques 45.2. Slope area method 4.6 Development of rating curve and its uses 5. Hydrograph Analysis brs) 5.1. Storm hydrograph, factors affecting hydrograph (shape, size and slope of basin, drainage density, and landuse) 5.2 Components of flood hydrograph 5.3 Base flow separation, excess rainfall 34 Application and limitations of unt hydrograph (UH) 5.5 _Detivation of UH trom flood hydrograph, method of superposition and S- Curve 6. Engineering Applications (6brs) 6.1 "Introduction to frequency and probability concept 62 High and low flow estimation, design flood aad its estimation 63 Application of statistical and empirical methods of flood prediction 63.1 Retum period. frequency and risk 63.2 Empirical methods (Modified Dickens, Rational), WECS/DHM, MIP method. 63.3 Flood-Frequeney Studies (Gumbel's Extreme Value Type I, Log- Pearson Type Ill and Log-normal) Practical: LL” Measurement of Precipitation using Rain Gauges 2._ Stream Discharge Measurement ‘Current Meter{using Velocity Area method) b, Floats (using Velocity Area method) ©. Dilution Techniques 3. Rainfall Runoft Simulation: 3.1 Use of Topographical Maps to ‘8 Locate project on topozraphicalmap and prepare hypsometrc curve Catchment under different land use c. River Length 3.2 Estimate river discharge based on rainfall Text Book: |. Subrarsanya, K. (2008). Engineering Hydrology. New Delhi: Tata MeGraw Hill Publishing Company. References: 1. Blizabeth.S. M. Hydrology in Practice.UK:Chapman and Hill, 2. Singh. V.P.blementary Hydrology. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India, 3. Linsley, R. K., KohlerM. A.ePaulhus, J... H. Hhudrology for Engineers. New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Compan 4. Chow, V.T.. Midment, D.R.& Mays, LW, Applied Hydrology, New Delhi ‘MeGiraw Hill international, 5. Varshney, R.S.Engineering Hydrology, ‘oorkee:Nem Chand & Bros. As Inplemeted ro 201 bch SRA eyMTC 301.2 Mechanical Technology (2-1-2): W/E Theory Practical] Total Sessional 30, 20 50 [Final 50 [ee50) Total 80 20 100 Course Objectives: ‘The main objective of this course is to make able to apply laws of thermodynamics in various systems; to make able to distinguish various engine cycles, pumps; to make able to calculate ‘amount of energy transfer by various modes; to introduce principles and applications of different mechanism and machine element; to provide instructions and practical experience in basic mechanical workshop methods and various elements of machines. Course contents 1. Basics of thermodynamics (10 hrs) Review of thermodynamic system & properties, properties of pure substances, energy and energy transfer, first law of thermodynamics for control mass and control volume systems, hheat engine, refrigerator and heat pump, two classical statements of second law of thermodynamics, carot cycles. 2. Internal Combustion Engines (hrs) Introduction, classification of LC. engines, parts and function of I.C. engines, working principle of two stroke and four stroke petrol engines and thermodynamic cycles, working principle of two stroke and four stroke diesel engines and thermodynamic cycles, comparison between: petrol and diesel engines, two and four stroke engines, cooling system of LC. engines: air cooling and water cooling. 3. Heat Transfer Gnrs) Introduction, modes of heat transfer, conduction heat transfer, fouriers law of conduction, conduction heat transfer through plane and composite wall, convection heat transfer, newton's law of cooling, free and forced convection, radiation heat transfer, stefan-boltzman's law, radiation properties: emissivity, absorptivity and reflectivity. 4, Elements of Machines hrs) Transmission of power: belt drive, rope drive, chain drive, gear drive, bearings and lubrications: types and applications of bearings; functions and properties of lubricating oil, grading of lubricating oi Workshop Technology (hrs) Introduction to safety measures and first aid, introduction to machine,drilling machine, grinding machine, lathe machine and shaping machine, welding, soldering and brazing. Laboratories. Measurement temperature and calibration of thermometers. Performance of internal combustion engine. Performance of Heat pump/Reftigerator. Conduction heat transfer. Bench work of prescribed metallic piece. Machining of prescribed metallic Machining of prescribed metallic piece using shaper. Metal joining using gas welding and are welding. rext Books Richard E. Sonntag, "Engineering Thermodynamics", Claus borgnakke, Sonntag, John Wiely & Sons. S.B. Mathur and S. Domkundwar, "Elements of Mechanical Engineering", Dhanpat Rai & Co. (P) Lid. PK. Nag, "Engineering Thermodynamics", Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. (P) Ltd. PLL. Ballaney,, Theory of Machines”. "A.course manual on Workshop Technology” nec publication. Seo iia onesieProbability and Statistics (3-2-0) Evaluation: ‘Theory Practical Total Sessional 50 - 50 Final 30 ae 50 (Total 100 100 Course Objective: ‘This course is designed to familiarize the stulents with basic knowledge about probability and statistics. After successful completion of this course students would be able to understand and apply the concept ofpresentation and summarization of data, probability and probability distributions sampling and estimation, hypothesis testing, simple regression and correlation. Course Contents: Introduction of Statistics and Presentation of Data (ars) 1.1 Introduction of statistics 1.2. Application of statistics in engineering 1.3 Variables, types of variable: numerical and categorical variable 1.4 Sources of data: primary and secondary source 1.5 Presentation and clessification oftata: stem- and-leaf displays 1.6 Frequeneydistribution 1.7 Diagrammatic and graphical presentation of data: Pareto diagram 1.8 Pie-diagram, histogram, frequency curve and frequency polygon 1.9 Cumulativefrequency curve or ogive curve Summarizing and Deseribing the Numerical Duta ‘(ahrs) 2.1 Measure of central tendency (mean .median, mode), partition values 2.2 Measure of variation: range, inter-quartile range, standard deviation 2.3 Coefficient of variation 2.4 Box and whisker plot Probabitity (hrs) 3.1 Random experiment, sample space, even and types of events, counting rule 3.2 Various approaches to probability 3.3. Laws of probability-additive, multiplicative 34 Conditional-probability and independence 3.8. Baye’s theorem Random Variable and Probability Distribution (12 brs), 4.1 Random variable: discrete and continuous random. variable 4.2. Probability mass function 4.3 Expectation, laws of expectation (addition and product law) 4.4 Discrete probability distribution: ‘Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution.Hyper Geometric distribution and Negative mia! distribution8. 4.5. Probability density function,cumulative distribution fimetions, expected values ‘ofeontinuous random variables 4.6 Continuous probability distribution: rectangular distribution, exponentialdistribution, Gamma distribution, Beta distribution, Normal distribution, Log-Normal distribution Bi-variate Random Variables and Joint Probability Distribution Ghrs) 5.1 Joint probability mass functionjoint probability density functionjoint probability distribution funetion 5.2. Marginal probability mass function, marginal probability density function,conditional probability mass function 5.3. Sums and average of random variables ‘Sampling and Estimation hrs) 6.1 Population and samples 6.2. Sampling distribution of mean 6.3 Types of sampling: probability and non-probability sampling 6.4 Determination of sample size 6.5 Central limit theorem and its application 6.6 Estimation: concept of point and interval estimation, criteria of good estimator, interval estimation, maximum likelihood estimation 6.7. Confidence interval for population mean and population proportion ‘Testing of Hypothesis (hrs) 7.1 Null and alternative hypothesis, level of significance, type I and type Il error, critical value, P-value, one and two tailed test, steps involved in hypothesis testing 7.2. One Sample test for mean and proportion 73. Two sample test for mean (independent and dependent) and proportion ‘Simple Linear Regression and Correlation hrs) 8.1 Simple correlation and its properties 8.2 Concept of simple regression analysis, estimation of regression coefficient by using least square estimation method 8.3 Standard error, coefficient of determination ‘Text Book: Johnson, Richard A Probebility and Statistics for Engineers (8™ edition). New Delhi: PHI learning private limited. 201 1. Reference Books: 1, Devore, Jay L. Probability and Statistics for Brigineering and the Sciences (8" edition). New Delhi: Cengage leaning. 2. Sheldom, M. Rass. Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientist (Ath edition). ‘New Deihi: Cengage Learning. i Shrestha, Hridya B. Statistics and Probability (2" edition).Kathmandu: Ekata Books Distributer Pvt. Ltd.Soil Mechanies (4-2-2) Evaluation: Course Objectives: After completion ofthis coursethe students will be able to: * interpret vatious engineering properties of soil and their application to problems in civil engineering and classify the soil * describe the nature of the soil problems encountered in civil engineering. with lunderstanding of fundamentals and relevant principles of soil mechanics. Course Contents: 1. Introduction (hn J. Definition of soit and rock 1.2 Definition of soil mechanics and 13 Form portance in civil engineering jon process of soil and its major types. 2. Solid-Water-Air Relations and Index properties of soil (6 brs) 2.1. Phase Diagram, basic definitions & functional relationships 2.2 _ Index properties andtheir determination forcoarse and fine grained soil 22.1 Specific gravity 222. Relative density 22.3 Consisteney ti 2.2.4 Shape and siz of soll grain 3. Soil Identification and it's Classification (hrs) 3.1. Purpose of soil classification 3.2. Field identification of soit jon systems Particle size, Textural, ISCS, USCS and AASHTO soil classification system 33 4. Introduction to Clay Minerals @hrs) 41 Clay Minerals 42. Typesof Clay Minerals 43. Clay Panielé interaction 44 Soil Structure ‘Compaction of sit hrs) 3.1 Definition aad purposes of compaction 5.2 Dry density and water content relationship 5.3. Laboratory testo obtain compaction characteristics 5.4 Factors affecting compaction 5.5 Effect of compaction on engineering behavior of fine grained soil 5.6 Methods of compaction and compaction control a field, relative compaction 6. Principle of Effective Stress, Capillarity and Permeability on soil (hrs) 6.1 Concept of total stress, pore water pressure and effective stress implemented from 2011-Batch6.2 Effective stress equation and its physical interpretation 6.3 Surface tension and capillarity in soils 644 Computation of effective sitesses in hydrostatic, uniform seepage, capillary and uniform surcharge conditions 6.5 Types of head, seepage pressure and quick sand conditions 6.6 Permeability and its determination- Laboratory and field method 6.7 Average permeability of stratified soi 6.8 Factors affecting permeability 7. Seepage Analysis through soils (brs) 7.1 Two dimensional flow ~ Laplace equation 7.2. Flow nets, their characteristics and applications 7.3. Seepage through earth dam on an impervious hase and construction of phratic line on earth dam 7.4 Rate of seepage, uplift pressure and exit gradient 7.5. Failure due to piping& i's prevention ~ Protective filter 7.6 Analysis of seepage discharge 7.7 Seepage through anisotropiccondition 8. Vertical Stresses below applied load (hrs) 8.1 Concept of stress distribution on soil 8.2 Boussinesq’s and Westergaardstheory 8.3 Approximate method of vertical stress distribution 8.4 Pressure bulb concept 8.5. Vertical stress distribution diagrams 8.6 Vertical stress distribution beneath loaded area (line load, strip, circular load éerectanguler load) 8.7 Newmarks's and Fadun’s Influence chart to compute vertical stress, 9. Compressiblity and Consolidation of soil (hrs) 8.1 Fundamentals of consolidation and it's type 9.2 One-dimensional consolidation test 9.3 Void ratio ~ pressure relationships 94 Compressibility parameters (compression Index, coefficient of ‘compressbilty,recompression index and swell index) 9.5 Normally consolidated and over consolidated clay, determination of over consolidation pressure 9.6 Effect of disturbance on void ratio — pressure relationship 9.7 Caleulation of consolidation settlement 9.8 Time rate of consolidation 9.9 Coefficient of consolidation and its determination by 9.9.1. Square rot of time fitting and 992 Logarithm of time fiting method 10. Shear Strength of soil brs) 10.1 Concept of shear strength. 10.2. Mob Citele, normal, shear and principal stresses 10.3. Mott-Coulomb failure criterion , 10.4 Relation between principle stresses at failure 10.5 Laboratory test fr the determination of shear strength parameters 10.5.1 Direct Shear Test 10.52 Triaxial Test 10.5.2.1 Consolidated Drained (CD) Test Implemented from 2012-Batch10.5.22 Consolidated Undrained (CU) Test 105.23 Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) Test 10.5.3 Uneonfined Compression Test on saturated clay 10.5.4 Vane Shear Test 106 Stress Path 10.7 Shear Strength of unsaturated cohesive soil 10.8 Shear strength of sands IL, Stability of slopes (hrs) 1.1 Causes of instability in stopes,modes of failure and i's remedial measures 112 Fi 11.3. Stability analysis of infinite slopes, Taylor stability number 114 Stability Analysis of finite slopes 11.4.1 @= 0 Analysis (Total stress analysis) 11.4.2 ¢~o Analysis (Slice method) 1.4.3 Friction circle method 11.5 Location of most critical circles 11.6. Use of Stability Coefficients size distribution test LI Sieve Analysis for coarse grained soil 1.2 Hydrometer Analysis fr fine grained soil Determination of Aterberg's Limit of sil (LL, PL. SL) Determination of OMC and maximum dry density Determination of in-situ density by 4.1 Core cutter method 4.2 Sand replacement method 5. _Direct Shear Test 6. Permeability test 6.1 constant heat zest for coarse grained soil 6.2 falling head test for fine grained soil 7. Consolidation Test. Text Books: |, Murthy, V.N.S. (2007).7ex1 Book of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering Series). CBS Publishers and Distributors Pvt, Ltd, 2. Ranjan,GopaldRao,A.S.R. (2000).Basic- and Applied Soil Mechanics. New Dell New Age Intemational Publishers. References 1. Terzaghi, Karl, Peck, R.B. & John, Wiley (1967)-Soi! Mechanics in Engineering Practice New York, 2. Das.Braja MPrinciples of Geotechnical Engineering California State University Sacramento: Thomson/Brookdcole Publication 3. Das,Braja MAdvanced Soi! Mechantes (2008).New York: Taylor and Prancies Group. 4. Punmia, B.C, Jain, AK.& Jain,Arin K. (2005).Soi! Mechanics and Foundation ‘engineering India: Laxsmi Publication Pvt Ltd 5. Aro, K.R, (2008).Soi! Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Delhi: Standard Publisher Distribution, 6, Lambe, T. William.Soid Testing for Engineers, USA: Wiley Easter Limited, 7. Venkatramaiah, C. Geotechnical Engineering, lndia: New Age, Intemational (P) Limized Publisher. 3 implemented from 2011-BatchStructural Amalysis I (3-2-1) Evaluation: i Theory Practical Total Sessional 30 20 50. Final 50. = 50 (rots! 80 20 100 Course Objectives: The main objective of this course is to make students familiar with structural analysis. After completing this course students will be able to analyze statically determinate rigid frames, beams, and arches. Students will also get basic knowledge of space trusses and cables of suspension bridges. ‘Course Contents: L Introduction (hrs) 1.1 Types of structural system 1.2 Linearity and non-linearity in structural analysis 1.3 Statically determinate and indeterminate structures 14 Degree of static'indeterminacy Strain Energy Method (6hrs) 2.1 Strain energy and complementary strain energy, work and complementary work 2.2 Strain energy due to gradually and suddenly applied direct load: dynamic multipliers F 2.3 Strain energy due to axial force, shear forte, bending and torsion 24 Displacement of beams and trusses by strain energy method Virtual Work Method (hrs) 3.1 Limitations of real work method 3.2 Principle of virtual work 3.3. Unit load method ‘ 3.4 Displacement of beams, frames and truss by unit load method 3.3. Eifect of fabrication error (misfits) and temperature change in trusses Displacement Theorems Ghrs) 4.1 Betti’s law 4.2 Maxwell's reciprocal theorem 4.3. Castigliano’s theorems and application for beams and plane frames Slope and Deflection of Beams Ghrs) 5.1 Application of integration method for beams 5.2 Theorems on moment area method and its application for beams 5.3. Conjugate-beam method and its application for beams Gs meatInfluence Line Diagrams for Simple Structures (hrs) 61 62 63 64 65 66 ‘Moving loads and influence lines Influence lines for staically determinate beams (support reactions, shear forces and bending moments) see lines for statically determinate trusses (support reactions and member forces) Influence line diagrams for the case of indirect load applications or panel loading (shear forces and bending moments) Reactions. and internal forces (shear forces and bending moments) from influence line diagrams due to different loadings: point load, uniformly distributed load, standard load trains Maximum intemal forces at a beam section and absolute maximum intemal force on a beam span (shear forces and bending moments) Statically Determinate Arches (hrs) Ta 12 13 74 75S 16 ‘Types of arches ‘Three-hinged arches with support at same and different level Determination of support reactions, shearing forces, normal forces and bending ‘moments (circular and parabolic arches) ‘Axial force, shear force and bending moment diagrams in three hinged parabolic arch Influence line diagrams for reactions, bending moments, shearing forces and normal forces in three-hinged parabolic arches and determination of internal forces ‘Maximum intemal forces (axial force, shear force and bending moment) in three hinged parabolic arch Space Trusses Ghrs) 81. a 83 Introduction to simple space truss ‘Types of supports Analysis of space truss by tension coefficient methods Cable Structures (hrs) 91 92 93 94 9S 96 97 Introduction to cable ‘Catenary and parabolic cables Elements of a simple suspension bridges ‘Analysis of parabolic cables ‘Analysis of three-hinged stiffening girder Influence line diagrams and determination of shear forces and bending ‘moments for three-hinged stiffening girder ‘Tower structures, wind cables and ties (introduction only) ed) "oomLaboratories: . Deflection of beam Influence lines for beams Analysis of plane frame experimentally or by computer simulation Influence lines for frames ‘Analysis of three-hinged arches under different loading arrangements Analysis of suspension bridge under different loading arrangements Analysis of space truss by computer simulation soya ee ‘Tutorials: At least five assignments accommodating all chapters. Note: Assignments shall be focused on analysis of problems requiring elongated time that are not possible to be included in final examination. ‘Text Books: 1. Norris, C. H., & Wilbur, J. B. (1960). Elementary Structural Analysis. McGraw-Hill 2. Bhavikatti, S, S. 2011). Structural Analysis 1, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt, Lid. References: 1. Darkov, A. & Kuznetsov, V. Structural Mechanics, Moscow: Mit Publishers. 2. Reddy, C.S. (1999). Basie Structural Analysis. Tata MeGraw-Hill Education. 3. Jain, A.K. Strength of Materials and Structural Analysis. Roorkee: Nem Chand & Bros.