Page 1

Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
eªvþ›`x, biwms`x m`i, biwms`x|
01758-942318, 01831-750181
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
‡jKPvi : 1 (msL¨v c×wZi cwiPq|) ■ Aa¨vq : Z…Zxq (1g cvU© : msL¨v c×wZ)

msL¨v c×wZ : wewfbœ mvs‡KwZK wPý ev ‡gŠwjK wPý ev A¼ (wWwRU) e¨envi K‡i msL¨v †jLv I cÖKvk Kivi
c×wZ‡K msL¨v c×wZ e‡j| msL¨v c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB msL¨v MYbv I cÖKvk Ki hvq| GKwU msL¨v c×wZ‡Z
wb‡Pi welqmg~n _vK‡Z n‡e :
1. msL¨v‡K wbw`©ó cÖZx‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ cÖKv‡ki mywbw`©ó wbqgvewj|
2. msL¨vi ‡hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y, fvM BZ¨vw` wbY©q Kivi mywbw`©ó wbqgvewj|
3. msL¨vi wewfbœ iƒc †hgb fMœvsk, abvZ¥K, FbvZ¥K BZ¨vw` cÖKv‡ki mywbw`©ó/cwic~Y© wbqgvewj|
msL¨v : msL¨v n‡”Q GKwU Dcv`vb hv †Kv‡bv wKQz MYbv, cwigvY Ges cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq|
‡hgb Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg‡Z 120 Rb QvÎ Av‡Q| GLv‡b 120 GKwU msL¨v|
wWwRU ev A¼ : †Kvb msL¨v c×wZ wj‡L cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ †h mg¯Í †gŠwjK wPý ev mvs‡KwZK wPý e¨envi Kiv nq
Zv‡K wWwRU ev A¼ e‡j| ÒmsL¨v ˆZwii ÿz`ªZg cÖZxKB n‡”Q wWwRU ev A¼|Ó †hgb 62 msL¨vwU 6 I 2 GB `ywU
wWwRU wb‡q ˆZwi|
¯’vbxq gvb : ‡Kvb msL¨v c×wZ‡Z GKwU msL¨vq †Kvb A‡¼i cwRkb ev Ae¯’vb‡K ¯’vbxq gvb ejv nq|

i¨vwW· c‡q›U : cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z cÖwZwU msL¨v‡K WU ev i¨vwW· c‡q›U (Redix Point) w`‡q c~Y©vsk I
fMœvsk G `ywU As‡k fvM Kiv nq| †hgb 12.36 GKwU msL¨v Gi 12 c~Y© msL¨v Ges .36 n‡jv fMœvsk msL¨v| Ò
i¨vwW· c‡q›U (Redix Point) Gi evg cv‡ki msL¨v‡K c~Y© msL¨v I Wvb cv‡ki msL¨v‡K fMœvsk msL¨v e‡j|Ó

msL¨v c×wZi wfwË : †Kvb msL¨v c×wZi wfwË ej‡Z H msL¨v c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ †gvU A¼ ev cÖZxK mg~‡ni
msL¨v‡K eySvq| †Kvb msL¨v c×wZi g‡a¨ hw` 10wU wWwRU _v‡K Zvn‡j H msL¨v c×wZi wfwË n‡e 10|

Ò‡Kvb msL¨v c×wZi †h †Kvb msL¨v‡K eª¨v‡K‡Ui g‡a¨ wj‡L

Wvb cv‡k †QvU (mvew¯ŒÞ) K‡i †mB msL¨v c×wZi †eR ev
wfwË wjL‡Z nq|Ó

msL¨v c×wZi cÖKvi‡f`

Dc¯’vcb ev cÖKv‡ki Dci wfwË K‡i msL¨v c×wZ `yB cªKvi|
1. bb cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ : ‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z msL¨vi wfwË ev †eR _v‡K bv Zv‡K A¯’vbxK ev bb -
cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ e‡j| ‡hgb t nvqv‡ivwMøwd·, wgmixq msL¨v, †ivgvb msL¨v|
2. cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ : ‡h msL¨vi c×wZ cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ ‡gŠwjK wPý, ‡eR ev wfwË Ges Gi Ae¯’vb ev
¯’vbxq gvb cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡K ¯’vbxK ev cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|

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cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZi cÖKvi‡f` : cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ Pvi cÖKvi| h_v :-
bvg wfwË cÖZxK ev wPý D`vniY
`kwgK ev †Wwm‡gj 10 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 (54)10
evBbvwi 2 0, 1 (1001)2
A±vj 8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (57)8
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj 16 (A5B)16
(A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, F=15)

cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZi we¯ÍvwiZ

 `kwgK msL¨v c×wZ : ‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 10 wU A¼ ev wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K `kwgK msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
cÖvPxb fvi‡Z G c×wZi cÖPjb cÖ_g ïiæ nq e‡j G‡K wn›`y msL¨v c×wZI ejv nq| mvaviY wnmve-wbKv‡ki
Rb¨ `kwgK msL¨v c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| `kwgK msL¨v c×wZ n‡jv cÖPwjZ msL¨v c×wZ|
 evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ : ‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 2 wU A¼ ev wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ n‡jv mijZg MYbv c×wZ| AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡ii hveZxq Af¨šÍixY Kg©Kv‡Ûi Rb¨
evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZwU GKwU Av`k© msL¨v c×wZ| evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z †Kej `ywU wWwRU ev A¼ e¨eüZ nq
weavq G‡K wØwgK msL¨v c×wZI ejv n‡q _v‡K|
 weU (Bit) : evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi 0 Ges 1 GB `ywU †gŠwjK A¼‡K weU e‡j| Binary Digit kãwUi mswÿß iƒc
n‡”Q weU (Bit)| †WUvi/‡g‡gvwi cwigv‡ci ÿz`ªZg GKK n‡”Q weU|
 evBU (Byte) : AvUwU we‡Ui MÖæc wb‡q MwVZ kã‡K evBU ejv nq| GK evBU mgvb GK K¨v‡i±vi| 8 weU = 1 evBU|
 wbej (Nibble) : GK evB‡Ui A‡a©K‡K wbej ejv nq| 4 weU = 1 wbej, 1 evBU = 2 wbej|
 A±vj msL¨v c×wZ : ‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 8 wU A¼ ev wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K A±vj msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
myB‡W‡bi ivRv 7g Pvj©m A±vj msL¨v c×wZ D™¢veb K‡ib| A±vj msL¨v c×wZi ‡eR ev wfwË 8 weavq G‡K
AówgK msL¨v c×wZI ejv n‡q _v‡K|
 ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ : ‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 16 wU A¼ ev wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v
c×wZ e‡j|
* me©cÖ_g MYbvi Kv‡R wP‡ýi cÖPjb ïiæ nq- wLªóc~e© cÖvq 3000 eQi c~‡e©| * my‡gwiqb Ges †ewejwbqvb
wU bv¤^vi wm‡÷‡gi D™¢e nq- wLªóc~e© 3000 eQi c~‡e©| Zviv wPý¸‡jv `‡ki cvIqvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi KiZ|
c Zv‡`i b¤^i wm‡÷‡gi wfwË wQj 60| * PvBbxR b¤^i wm‡÷‡gi D™¢e nq- wLªóc~e© 2500 eQi c~‡e©| * k~Y Gi
D™¢e nq- wn›`y b¤^i wm‡÷g †_‡K| * cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡K mgwóMZ msL¨v c×wZI ejv nq| * cwRkbvj
m msL¨v c×wZ bb-cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZi Zzjbvq e¨env‡ii ‡ÿ‡Î myweavRbK| * bb-cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ
eo ai‡bi msL¨v cÖKv‡ki Dc‡hvMx bq|

Gm Gg kixd
cwiPvjK - Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg|
cwiPvjK - Av‡jvob wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© †KvwPs|
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 Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
eªvþ›`x, biwms`x m`i, biwms`x|
01758-942318, 01831-750181
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
‡jKPvi : 2 (wewfbœ msL¨vi †hvM|) ■ Aa¨vq : Z…Zxq (1g cvU© : msL¨v c×wZ)

wewfbœ msL¨vi †hvM

‡bvU (wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i) : †h †Kvb msL¨v c×wZi †hvM Ki‡Z n‡j, Wvb w`K †_‡K ¯^vfvweK
wbq‡g †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| †hvMdj hw` H msL¨v c×wZ‡Z bv _v‡K Zvn‡j (ivd cvZvq) †hvMdj
‡K Zvi wfwË w`‡q fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| fvM‡kl wjL‡Z n‡e Ges fvMdj nv‡Z _vK‡e|

A±vj msL¨vi †hvM

5423 5714 47.53 A±vj †hvM

A±vj msL¨v c×wZi wfwË n‡”Q 8| A±vj
+ 6401 + 2344 + 54.75 msL¨vi †hvM Kivi mgq †hvMdj 7 Gi †ewk
14024 10260 124.50 n‡j wfwË 8 w`‡q fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| fvM‡kl
wjL‡Z n‡e Ges fvMdj nv‡Z _vK‡e|

‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi †hvM

58AB BC15 589.5 ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj †hvM

‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZi wfwË n‡”Q 16|
+ 3B78 + D5DF + 245.8 ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi †hvM Kivi mgq †hvMdj
9423 191F4 7CE.D 15(F) Gi †ewk n‡j wfwË 16 w`‡q fvM Ki‡Z
n‡e| fvM‡kl wjL‡Z n‡e Ges fvMdj nv‡Z
_vK‡e|

evBbvwi msL¨vi †hvM

10101 10111 101.11 evBbvwi †hvM

evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi wfwË n‡”Q 2| evBbvwi
+ 11001 + 10011 + 100.11 msL¨vi †hvM Kivi mgq †hvMdj 1 Gi †ewk
101110 101010 1010.10 n‡j wfwË 2 w`‡q fvM Ki‡Z n‡e| fvM‡kl
wjL‡Z n‡e Ges fvMdj nv‡Z _vK‡e|

`kwgK msL¨vi †hvM

`kwgK msL¨vi †hvM n‡”Q cÖPwjZ †hvM|
(Avgiv ˆ`bw›`b wnmv‡e †h †hvM e¨envi Kwi)|

evwoi KvR
A±vj msL¨vi †hvM ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi †hvM evBbvwi msL¨vi †hvM
475 + 777 = 1474 AB + AB = 156 10101010 + 11001100 = 101110110
475 + 777 + 777 = 2473 ABC + 5B1 = 106D 10101 + 1100 = 100001
622.15 + 275.50 = 1117.65 B0A + B5C = 1666 110011 + 110011 = 1100110
251.76 + 70.40 = 342.36 BCDA + 9844 = 1551E 100010.11+11101.11 = 1000000.1
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 Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
eªvþ›`x, biwms`x m`i, biwms`x|
01758-942318, 01831-750181
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
‡jKPvi : 3 (wewfbœ msL¨vi we‡qvM|) ■ Aa¨vq : Z…Zxq (1g cvU© : msL¨v c×wZ)

wewfbœ msL¨vi we‡qvM

‡bvU (wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i) : †h †Kvb msL¨v c×wZi we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡j, Wvb w`K †_‡K ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g
we‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| we‡qvM Kivi mgq Dc‡ii wWwRU hw` wb‡Pi wWwRU †_‡K ‡QvU nq Zvn‡j H †QvU
wWwRU Gi mv‡_ Zvi wfwË †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| hLbB wfwË †hvM n‡e ZLbB nv‡Z 1 _vK‡e|

A±vj msL¨vi we‡qvM

4701 5706 2425 A±vj we‡qvM

A±vj msL¨v c×wZi wfwË n‡”Q 8| A±vj we‡qvM Kivi
− 3105 − 2477 − 1245 mgq Dc‡ii msL¨v wb‡Pi msL¨v †_‡K ‡QvU n‡j Dc‡ii
1574 3207 1160 †QvU msL¨vi mv‡_ A±vj Gi wfwË 8 †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
hLbB †hvM Kiv n‡e ZLbB nv‡Z 1 _vK‡e|

‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi we‡qvM

18AB ABC5 AC5D ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj we‡qvM

‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZi wfwË n‡”Q 16|
– B78 – DE7 − DE7 ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj we‡qvM Kivi mgq Dc‡ii msL¨v wb‡Pi
D33 9DDE 9E76 msL¨v †_‡K ‡QvU n‡j Dc‡ii †QvU msL¨vi mv‡_
‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj Gi wfwË 16 †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e| hLbB
†hvM Kiv n‡e ZLbB nv‡Z 1 _vK‡e|

evBbvwi msL¨vi we‡qvM

111110 111110 101100 evBbvwi we‡qvM

evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi wfwË n‡”Q 2| evBbvwi we‡qvM
– 110011 – 1111 – 1010 Kivi mgq Dc‡ii msL¨v wb‡Pi msL¨v †_‡K ‡QvU n‡j
1011 101111 100010 Dc‡ii †QvU msL¨vi mv‡_ evBbvwi Gi wfwË 2 †hvM
Ki‡Z n‡e| hLbB †hvM Kiv n‡e ZLbB nv‡Z 1 _vK‡e|

`kwgK msL¨vi we‡qvM

`kwgK msL¨vi we‡qvM n‡”Q cÖPwjZ we‡qvM|
(Avgiv ˆ`bw›`b wnmv‡e †h we‡qvM e¨envi Kwi)|

evwoi KvR
A±vj msL¨vi we‡qvM ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi we‡qvM evBbvwi msL¨vi we‡qvM
75 − 50 = 25 ABC − 147 = 975 11101 − 111 = 10110
154 − 17 = 135 AB5C − DD1 = 9D8B 10001 − 1110 = 11
1547 − 117 = 1430 1000 − ABC = 544 11101 − 1001 = 10100
2477 − 777 = 1500 DADA − BABA = 2020 1110110 − 101101 = 1001001
Gm Gg kixd
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 Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
eªvþ›`x, biwms`x m`i, biwms`x|
01758-942318, 01831-750181
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
‡jKPvi : 4 (msL¨v c×wZi iƒcvšÍi) ■ Aa¨vq : Z…Zxq (1g cvU© : msL¨v c×wZ)

msL¨v c×wZi iƒcvšÍi

GK bR‡i mKj msL¨v c×wZi iƒcvšÍi

`kwgK msL¨v‡K Ab¨ msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

☆ wUcm : `kwgK msL¨v‡K Ab¨ msL¨vq (evBbvwi, A±vj ev †n·v‡Wwm‡gj) iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡j, ‡h msL¨vq
iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e H msL¨vi wfwË w`‡q wb‡Pi wbqg Abyhvqx c~Y©msL¨v‡K fvM Ki‡Z n‡e (hZÿY bv fvMdj 0
nq) Ges fMœvsk‡K ¸b Ki‡Z n‡e|

`kwgK ‡_‡K evBbvwi `kwgK ‡_‡K A±vj `kwgK ‡_‡K ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj fMœvsk
■ (17)10 = (?)2 ■ (423)10 = (?)8 ■ (423)10 = (?)16 ■ (.65)10 = (?)2

(423)10 = (647)8
(423)10 = (1A7)16

(17)10 = (10001)2 Gm Gg kixd (.65)10 = (.101)2

evwoi KvR

`kwgK msL¨v‡K Ab¨ msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

1. (45)10 = (?)2 (101101)2 5. (165.89)10 = (?)8 (245.707)8
2. (89)10 = (?)2 (1011001)2 6. (265.25)10 = (?)8 (411.2)8
3. (120.89)10 = (?)2 (1111000.1110)2 7. (350)10 = (?)16 (15E)16
4. (77)10 = (?)8 (115)8 8. (258.78)10 = (?)16 (102.C7A)16

Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
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 Ab¨ msL¨v‡K `kwgK msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

☆ wUcm : ‡h‡Kvb msL¨v‡K (evBbvwi, A±vj ev †n·v‡Wwm‡gj) `kwgK msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡j, ‡m msL¨vi
cÖwZwU wWwRU‡K Zvi wfwË w`‡q ¸Y K‡i wfwËi Dci cvIqvi emv‡Z n‡e| c~Y© msL¨v‡Z Wvb †_‡K ev‡g c‡RwUf
cvIqvi I fMœvsk msL¨v‡Z evg †_‡K Wv‡b †b‡MwUf cvIqvi emv‡Z n‡e|

evBbvwi ‡_‡K `kwgK

■ (1101.11)2 = (?)10
= 123 + 122 + 021 + 120 + 12-1 + 12-2
1 1
= 18 + 14 + 02 + 11 + 1 + 1 
2 4
= 8 + 4 + 0 + 1+0.5 + 0.25
= 13 + 0.75
= 13.75
Ans :- (1101.11)2 = (13.75)10
A±vj ‡_‡K `kwgK

■ (452. 57)8 = (?)10

= 482 + 581 + 280 + 58-1 + 78-2
1 1
= 464 + 58 + 21 + 5 + 7
8 64
= 256 + 40 + 2 + 50.125 + 70.015
= 298 + 0.625 + 0.105
= 298 + 0.73
= 298.73
Ans :- (452. 57)8 = (298.73)10
†n·v‡Wwm‡gj ‡_‡K `kwgK
■ (AB.A)16 = (?)10

= A  161 + B  160 + A  16-1

1
= 10  16 + 11  1 + 10 +
16
= 160 + 11 + 10  0.0625
= 171 + 0.625
= 171.625
Ans :- (AB.A)16 = (171.625)10

evwoi KvR

Ab¨ msL¨v‡K `kwgK msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

1. (1011000)2 = (?)10 88 5. (120.6)8 = (?)10 80.75
2. (1001110.111)2 = (?)10 78.875 6. (226.61)8 = (?)10 150.766
3. (11111010.1111)2 = (?)10 250.9375 7. (50)16 = (?)10 80
4. (144)8 = (?)10 100 8. (38.C7)16 = (?)10 56.78

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 evBbvwi msL¨v‡K A±vj I †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi
evBbvwi msL¨v‡K A±vj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z 3 weU I
evBbvwi ‡_‡K A±vj 3 weU (4 2 1) ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z 4 weU K‡i c~Y©msL¨vi
†ÿ‡Î Wvb †_‡K evg w`‡K Ges fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î evg †_‡K
wUcm Wvb w`‡K MÖæc Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici cÖwZwU MÖæc Gi mgZzj¨
evBbvwi ‡_‡K †n·v‡Wwm‡gj 4 weU (8 4 2 1) A±vj I †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v wjL‡Z n‡e|
 MÖæc Kivi mgq weU Kg n‡j 0 ewm‡q MÖæc Ki‡Z n‡e|

evBbvwi ‡_‡K A±vj

■ (11111010.1111)2 = (?)8
011 111 010 . 111 100 ivd Ask
evBbvwi msL¨v‡K A±vj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z 4 2 1
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 3 weU K‡i c~Y©msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î Wvb †_‡K evg
0 1 1 =3
w`‡K Ges fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î evg †_‡K Wvb w`‡K
3 7 2 7 4 MÖæc Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici cÖwZwU MÖæc Gi 1 1 1 =7
mgZzj¨ A±vj msL¨v wjL‡Z n‡e| 0 1 0 =2
1 0 0 =4
Ans :- (11111010.1111)2 = (372.74)8

evBbvwi ‡_‡K ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj

■ (10111000.1111)2 = (?)16
1011 1000 . 1111 ivd Ask
evBbvwi msL¨v‡K ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z 4 weU 8 4 2 1
↓ ↓ ↓ K‡i c~Y©msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î Wvb †_‡K evg w`‡K Ges fMœvs‡ki 1 0 1 1 = 11
†ÿ‡Î evg †_‡K Wvb w`‡K MÖæc Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici cÖwZwU
11 (B) 8 15(F) 1 0 0 0 =8
MÖæc Gi mgZzj¨ †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v wjL‡Z n‡e|
1 1 1 1 = 15

Ans :- (10111000.1111)2 = (B8.F)16

A±vj I †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v‡K evBbvwi msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

A±vj ‡_‡K evBbvwi 3 weU (4 2 1) A±vj I †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi cÖwZwU wWwRU Gi mgZzj¨
wUcm evBbvwi gvb wjL‡Z n‡e|
†n·v‡Wwm‡gj ‡_‡K evBbvwi 4 weU (8 4 2 1)

A±vj ‡_‡K evBbvwi

■ (372.74)8 = (?)2
3 7 2 . 7 4 ivd Ask
A±vj msL¨vi cÖwZwU wWwRU Gi mgZzj¨ 4 2 1
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 3= 0 1 1
3 weU Gi evBbvwi gvb wjL‡Z n‡e|
011 111 010 111 100 7= 1 1 1
2= 0 1 0
4= 1 0 0
Ans :- (372.74)8 = (11111010.1111)2
Page 8
 ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj ‡_‡K evBbvwi

■ (B8.F)16 = (?)2
B 8 . F ivd Ask
†n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vi cÖwZwU wWwRU Gi mgZzj¨ 8 4 2 1
↓ ↓ ↓ 4 weU Gi evBbvwi gvb wjL‡Z n‡e| B(11) = 1 0 1 1
1011 1000 1111 8= 1 0 0 0
F(15) = 1 1 1 1
Ans :- (B8.F)2 = (10111000.1111)2

A±vj msL¨v‡K †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

A±vj msL¨v‡K ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡j, cÖ_‡g A±vj msL¨v‡K evBbvwi msL¨vq
A±vj ‡_‡K †n·v‡Wwm‡gj iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvici H evBbvwi msL¨v‡K †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e|
A±vj → evBbvwi → †n·v‡Wwm‡gj
‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v‡K A±vj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡j, cÖ_‡g ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v‡K evBbvwi
†n·v‡Wwm‡gj ‡_‡K A±vj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e, Zvici H evBbvwi msL¨v‡K A±vj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e|
†n·v‡Wwm‡gj → evBbvwi → A±vj

A±vj ‡_‡K †n·v‡Wwm‡gj

■ (372.74)8 = (?)16
3 7 2 . 7 4
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
011 111 010 111 100

011111010.111100
1111 1010 . 1111
↓ ↓ ↓
15 (F) 10 (A) 15 (F)

Ans :- (372.74)8 = (FA.F)16

Gm Gg kixd
cwiPvjK - Av‡jvob wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© †KvwPs|
cwiPvjK - Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg|
cwiPvjK - Gm Gg ‡UK †Rvb|
‡gvevBj : 01758 942 318
‡dmeyK : Gm Gg kixd

Page 9
 †n·v‡Wwm‡gj ‡_‡K A±vj

■ (F6.9)16 = (?)8
F 6 . 9
↓ ↓ ↓
1111 0110 1001

11110110.1001
011 110 110 . 100 100
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
3 6 6 4 4

Ans :- (F6.9)16 = (366.44)8

evwoi KvR

evBbvwi msL¨v‡K A±vj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

1. (1011000)2 = (?)8 130 3. (100011.1011)2 = (?)8 43.54
2. (1001110.11101)2 = (?)8 116.72 4. (1001110.0111)2 = (?)8 116.34

evBbvwi msL¨v‡K ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

1. (1011000)2 = ()16 58 3. (100011.1011)2 = ()16 23.B
2. (1001110.11101)2 = ()16 4E.E8 4. (1001110.0111)2 = ()16 4E.7

A±vj msL¨v¸‡jv‡K evBbvwi msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

1. (130)8 = (?)2 001011000 3. (43.54)8 = (?)2 100011.101100
2. (116.72)8 = (?)2 001001110.111010 4. (116.34)8 = (?)2 001001110.011100

‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v¸‡jv‡K evBbvwi msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

1. (58)16 = (?)2 01011000 3. (23.B)16 = (?)2 00100011.1011
2. (4E.E8)16 = (?)2 1001110.11101000 4. (4E.7)16 = (?)2 01001110.0111

A±vj msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

1. (116.72)8 =(?)16 4E.E8 3. (43.54)8 = (?)16 23.B
2. (372.74)8 =(?)16 FA.F 4. (116.34)8 = (?)16 4E.7

‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v¸‡jv‡K A±vj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi

1. (23.B)16 = (?)8 43.54 3. (32)16 = (?)8 62
2. (4E.7)16 = (?)8 116.34 4. (96)16 = (?)8 226

Page 10
 Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
eªvþ›`x, biwms`x m`i, biwms`x|
01758-942318, 01831-750181
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
‡jKPvi : 5 (wPýhy³ msL¨v) ■ Aa¨vq : Z…Zxq (1g cvU© : msL¨v c×wZ)

wPýhy³ msL¨v
wPýhy³ msL¨v : abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K msL¨v eySv‡bvi Rb¨ msL¨vi c~‡e© +/- wPý w`‡Z nq| wPý ev mvBbhy³ msL¨v‡K
wPýhy³ msL¨v ev mvBÛ b¤^i e‡j| evBbvwi c×wZ‡Z mvBb ev wPý †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ mvaviYZ GKwU AwZwi³ weU e¨envi
Kiv nq| G‡K wPý weU e‡j| GB wPý weU 0 n‡j msL¨vwU‡K abvZ¥K Ges 1 n‡j msL¨vwU‡K FbvZ¥K aiv nq|
1 evBU ev 8 weU †iwR÷v‡ii ‡ÿ‡Î GKwU D`vniY :

wPý weU ← gvb →

80 Gi evBbvwi gvb n‡jv 1010000|
8 weU †iwR÷v‡i +80 8 weU †iwR÷v‡i -80
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
wPý weU ← gvb → wPý weU ← gvb →

wPýhy³ msL¨v Dc¯’vc‡bi c×wZmg~n : evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z wPýhy³ msL¨v Dc¯’vcb ev cÖKv‡ki Rb¨
wb¤œ c×wZ¸‡jv e¨envi Kiv nq|
1. cÖK…Z gvb MVb|
2. 1 Gi cwic~iK|
3. 2 Gi cwic~iK|
cÖK…Z gvb MVb
GwU FYvZ¥K msL¨v cÖKv‡ki mijZg c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z msL¨v c×wZ‡K `ywU As‡k fvM Kiv nq| GKwU A¼
Øviv msL¨vi wPý Ges Aci A¼ Øviv msL¨vi cwigvY eySv‡bv nq|
12 Gi cÖK…Z gvb MVb 00001100
-12 Gi cÖK…Z gvb MVb 10001100
1 Gi cwic~iK
evBbvwi msL¨vq weU `ywU i‡q‡Q (0 I 1)| evBbvwi msL¨vq 0 Gi ¯’v‡b 1 Ges 1 Gi ¯’v‡b 0 ewm‡q A_©vr
msL¨vi weU¸‡jv‡K Dëv‡bv‡K msL¨vwUi 1-Gi cwic~iK e‡j|
12 Gi evBbvwi gvb = 00001100
11110011 (1-Gi cwic~iK)

2 Gi cwic~iK
evBbvwi msL¨vi 1-Gi cwic~iK Gi mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv‡K 2-Gi cwic~iK e‡j|
■ 2 Gi cwic~iK = 1 Gi cwic~iK + 1
12 Gi evBbvwi gvb = 00001100
11110011 (1-Gi cwic~iK)
+1
-12 = 11110100 (2-Gi cwic~iK)

Page 11
 2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki gva¨‡g MvwbwZK mgm¨vi mgvavb

1. `ywU msL¨vi gv‡S ‡h msL¨vwU eo Zvi evBbvwi ‡ei K‡i 8weU/16weU msL¨vq wb‡Z n‡e|
2. `ywU msL¨vi gv‡S ‡h msL¨vwU ‡QvU Zvi 2-Gi cwic~iK wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e|
wUcm 3. eo msL¨vi evBbvwii mv‡_ †QvU msL¨vi 2-Gi cwic~iK †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
4. ‡hvM Kivi ci 8weU/16we‡Ui AwZwi³ weU †K K¨vwi weU wn‡m‡e ev` w`‡Z n‡e|

cÖkœ : 2Gi2 cwic~ i‡Ki gva¨‡g (42)10 I (25)10 Gi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|
Gi cwic~i‡Ki gva¨‡g ev ‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cv_©K¨ wbY©q GKB K_v|
DËi :
42 Gi evBbvwi gvb = 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

25 Gi evBbvwi gvb = 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 (1-Gi cwic~iK)
+1
- 25 = 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 (2-Gi cwic~iK)

42 = 00101010
- 25 = 11100111
17 = 100010001
↑
(K¨vwi weU we‡eP¨ bq)
DËi : (10001)2

gva¨‡g 60 I 43 Gi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki|

cÖkœ : ‡hv‡Mi
 2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki gva¨‡g ev ‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cv_©K¨ wbY©q GKB K_v|
DËi :
60 Gi evBbvwi gvb = 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0

43 Gi evBbvwi gvb = 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 (1-Gi cwic~iK)
+1
- 43 = 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 (2-Gi cwic~iK)

60 = 00111100
- 43 = 11010101
17 = 100010001
↑
(K¨vwi weU we‡eP¨ bq)
DËi : (10001)2
evwoi KvR

2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki gva¨‡g cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki

(150)10 I (135)10 (35)10 I (37)8 (67)8 I (82)10 50 I 100
Page 12
 Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
eªvþ›`x, biwms`x m`i, biwms`x|
01758-942318, 01831-750181
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
‡jKPvi : 6 (‡KvW ev Kw¤úDUvi †KvW) ■ Aa¨vq : Z…Zxq (1g cvU© : msL¨v c×wZ)

‡KvW ev Kw¤úDUvi †KvW

‡KvW : Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g e¨eüZ cÖwZwU eY© msL¨v ev we‡kl wPý‡K c„_K c„_Kfv‡e wmwcD‡K eySv‡bvi Rb¨
evBbvwi weU 0 ev 1 e¨envi K‡i †h AwØZxq ms‡KZ ˆZwi Kiv nq Zv‡K †KvW e‡j|
wb‡¤œ KZ¸‡jv eûj e¨eüZ †Kv‡Wi bvg †`Iqv n‡jv :

1. evBbvwi †KvW 6. A¨vmwK †KvW

2. A±vj †KvW 7. BwewmwWAvBwm †KvW
3. ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj †KvW 8. BDwb‡KvW
4. wewmwW †KvW 9. ‡gvm© †KvW
5. AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW 10. ‡MÖ †KvW

wewmwW †KvW (BCD Code) t Binary Coded Decimal

BCD Gi c~Y©bvg n‡”Q Binary Coded Decimal| `kwgK msL¨vi cÖwZwU A¼‡K Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e Zvi
mgZzj¨ 4 weU evBbvwi msL¨v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv‡K BCD ‡KvW e‡j| GB †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g Ô0Õ †_‡K Ô9Õ ch©šÍ †gvU
10 wU msL¨v‡K 4 weU evBbvwi msL¨v Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv hvq| †Kvb `kwgK msL¨v‡K BCD †Kv‡W iƒcvšÍi Ki‡j
mvaviY evBbvwi iƒcvšÍ‡ii Zzjbvq AwaK msL¨K weU cvIqv hvq| wWwRUvj wm‡÷‡g BbcyU I AvDUcyU Acv‡ik‡b
BCD †KvW e¨envi nq| K¨vjKz‡jUi, wWwRUvj Nwo, wWwRUvj †fvëwgUvi cÖf…wZ‡Z BCD †KvW e¨eüZ nq|
BCD GKwU 4 weU evBbvwi wfwËK †KvW|

BCD BCD
wewfbœ cÖKvi BCD †KvW `kwgK msL¨v `kwgK msL¨v
8421 8421
BCD 8 4 2 1 †KvW 0 0000 5 0101
BCD 5 4 2 1 †KvW 1 0001 6 0110
BCD 2 4 2 1 †KvW 2 0010 7 0111
BCD 7 4 2 1 †KvW 3 0011 8 1000
4 0100 9 1001
 BCD 8 4 2 1 †KvW we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ges eûj e¨eüZ †KvW| ZvB BCD 8 4 2 1 †KvW †K NBCD
(Natural Binary Coded Decimal) †KvW ejv nq| BCD ‡Z K‡qKwU †KvW e¨envi A‰ea, †m¸‡jv n‡jv
1010, 1011, 1100, 1101, 1110, 1111|

wewmwW †Kv‡W iƒcvšÍi

■ (596)10 ‡K BCD †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g †`LvI|
5 9 6 ivd Ask
8 4 2 1
↓ ↓ ↓
5= 0 1 0 1
0101 1001 0110 9= 1 0 0 1
6= 0 1 1 0
Ans :- (596)10 = (010110010110)BCD
Page 13
 AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW (Alphanumeric Code) t
A¼, eY©, wewfbœ MvwYwZK wPý (+, -, ×, ÷ BZ¨vw`) Ges KZ¸‡jv we‡kl wP‡ýi (!, @, <, #, $, % BZ¨vw`) Rb¨
e¨eüZ †KvW‡K A¨vjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW e‡j| GwU mvaviYZ 8-weU Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq| GB †Kv‡Wi e¨envi
e¨vcK| KZ¸‡jv RbwcÖq AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW n‡jv :- 1. A¨vmwK †KvW; 2. BwewmwWAvBwm †KvW; 3. BDwb‡KvW|
1. A¨vmwK †KvW (ASCII Code) t American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCII Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q American Standard Code for Information Interchange| GwU GKwU eûj
e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK ‡KvW hv gvB‡µvKw¤úDUvi, wgwb Kw¤úDUvimn A‡bK †gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ nq|
A¨vmwK †KvW 2 ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| h_v -1| ASCII-7 Ges 2| ASCII-8
1. ASCII-7 : GwU †gvU 7 wU weU Øviv ˆZwi nq| evgw`‡Ki wZbwU weU‡K †Rvb weU Ges Wvbw`‡Ki PviwU weU‡K
msL¨vm~PK weU ejv nq| †gvU weU 7 nIqv‡Z G †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 27 ev 128 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq|
1 0 0 0 0 0 1
‡Rvb weU msL¨vm~PK weU
2. ASCII-8 : GwU †gvU 8 wU weU Øviv ˆZwi nq| me©-evgw`‡Ki 1 wU weU ‡K c¨vwiwU weU, me©-Wvbw`‡Ki 4 wU
weU‡K msL¨vm~PK weU Ges gv‡Si 3 wU weU‡K †Rvb weU ejv nq| †gvU weU 8 nIqv‡Z G †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 28 ev
256 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq| eZ©gv‡b A¨vmwK †KvW ej‡Z ASCII-8 †K eySvq|
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
c¨vwiwU weU ‡Rvb weU msL¨vm~PK weU
 c¨vwiwU weU : evBbvwi †WUv ev †KvW‡K GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b ev wWfvB‡m mwVKfv‡e †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ Gi mv‡_
†h AwZwi³ weU hy³ Kiv nq Zv‡K c¨vwiwU weU ejv nq| g~jZ f~j wbY©‡qi Rb¨ c¨vwiwU weU e¨envi Kiv nq|
2. BwewmwWAvBwm †KvW (EBCDIC Code) t Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
EBCDIC Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code| GwU GKwU 8weU
wewmwW †KvW| G †Kv‡W †gvU weU 8 nIqv‡Z G †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 28 ev 256wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq| G
†KvWwU mvaviYZ AvBweGg Ges Gi mgKÿ Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ nq| GB †Kv‡W 0 †_‡K 9 A‡¼i Rb¨ 1111, A
†_‡K Z e‡Y©i Rb¨ 1100, 1101, I 1110 Ges we‡kl wP‡ýi Rb¨ 0100, 0110 I 0111 †Rvb weU wn‡m‡e
e¨envi Kiv nq|
3. BDwb‡KvW (Unicode) t Universal Code
Unicode Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q Universal Code| we‡k¦i mKj fvlv‡K †KvWfz³ Kivi Rb¨ we‡k¦i eo eo
‡Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv GKwU gvb ˆZwi K‡i‡Qb hv‡K BDwb‡KvW ejv nq| BDwb‡KvW we‡k¦i mKj fvlvfvlx gvby‡li Rb¨
Avwk©ev`| BDwb‡KvW n‡”Q 16 we‡Ui †KvW| GB †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 216 ev 65536 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq|
BDwb‡Kv‡Wi cÖ_g 256 wU †KvW n‡jv A¨vmwK 256 wU †Kv‡Wi Abyiƒc| BDwb‡Kv‡W A¨vmwK †Kv‡Wi Zzjbvq ‡ewk
†ggwii cÖ‡qvRb|
GK bR‡i †Kv‡Wi bvg, weU msL¨v I e¨envi

†Kv‡Wi bvg I c~Y©iƒc weU msL¨v I AwØZxq msL¨v e¨envi

BCD Code K¨vjKz‡jUi, wWwRUvj Nwo,
4 weU
Binary Coded Decimal wWwRUvj †fvëwgUvi
ASCII-7
ASCII Code 128 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq|
7 weU wewfbœ ai‡bi eY© cÖKv‡k e¨eüZ
American Standard Code for
ASCII-8 nq|
Information Interchange 256 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq|
8 weU
EBCDIC Code 8 weU mvaviYZ AvBweGg Ges Gi
Extended Binary Coded
256 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq| mgKÿ Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ nq|
Decimal Interchange Code
Unicode 16 weU c„w_exi mKj fvlv‡K †KvWfz³
Universal Code 65536 wU AwØZxq wPý‡K wbw`©ó Kiv hvq| Ki‡Z e¨eüZ nq|

Page 14
 Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
eªvþ›`x, biwms`x m`i, biwms`x|
01758-942318, 01831-750181
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
‡jKPvi : 7 (Ávbg~jK I Abyaveb g~jK cÖkœ) ■ Aa¨vq : Z…Zxq (1g cvU© : msL¨v c×wZ)

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi

1. msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
wewfbœ mvs‡KwZK wPý ev ‡gŠwjK wPý ev A¼ (wWwRU) e¨envi K‡i msL¨v †jLv I cÖKvk Kivi c×wZ‡K
msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
2. A¼ Kx?
†Kvb msL¨v c×wZ wj‡L cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ †h mg¯Í †gŠwjK wPý ev mvs‡KwZK wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K
wWwRU ev A¼ e‡j|
3. msL¨v c×wZi ‡eR ev wfwË Kv‡K e‡j?
†Kvb msL¨v c×wZi wfwË ej‡Z H msL¨v c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ †gvU A¼ ev cÖZxK mg~‡ni msL¨v‡K eySvq|
4. cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
‡h msL¨v c×wZ cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ †gŠwjK wPý, †eR ev wfwË Ges Gi Ae¯’vb ev ¯’vbxq gvb cÖ‡qvRb nq
Zv‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
5. bb cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
†h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z msL¨vi gvb e¨eüZ A¼ ev wPýmg~‡ni Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv Zv‡K bb
cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
6. i¨vwW· c‡q›U Kv‡K e‡j?
cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z cÖwZwU msL¨v‡K †h WU Øviv c~Y©vsk I fMœvsk G `ywU As‡k fvM Kiv nq Zv‡K
i¨vwW· c‡q›U e‡j|
7. evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Kv‡K e‡j?
‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 2 wU A¼ ev wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
8. weU Kx?
evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi 0 Ges 1 GB A¼ `ywU‡K weU e‡j|
9. evBU Kv‡K e‡j?
8 wU weU wb‡q MwVZ Aÿi ev kã n‡jv ‡K evBU e‡j|
10. wPýhy³ msL¨v Kx?
abvZœK ev FYvZœK msL¨v eySv‡bvi Rb¨ msL¨vi c~‡e© +/- wPý w`‡Z nq| wPý ev mvBbhy³ msL¨v‡K
wPýhy³ msL¨v e‡j|
11. 1-Gi cwic~iK Kx?
evBbvwi msL¨v 0 Gi ¯’v‡b 1 Ges 1 Gi ¯’v‡b 0 ewm‡q A_v©r msL¨v¸‡jv‡K Dwë‡q †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq
Zv‡K 1-Gi cwic~iK e‡j|
12. 2-Gi cwic~iK Kx?
evBbvwi msL¨vi Gi cwic~iK Gi mv‡_ 1 †hvM Ki‡j hv cvIqv hvq Zv‡K 2-Gi cwic~iK e‡j|

Page 15
13. ‡KvW Kx?
†h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g ev ms‡K‡Zi gva¨‡g eY©, A¼ I msL¨v¸‡jv‡K evBbvwi AwØZxq msL¨vq cÖKvk Kivi
e¨e¯’v Kiv nq Zv‡K †KvW e‡j|
14. A¨vjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW Kx?
AsK, eY©, wewfbœ MvwYwZK wPý (+,-, ×,÷) Ges KZKMy‡jv we‡kl wP‡ýi (!,@,>,#,$,% BZ¨vw`) Rb¨
e¨en„Z †KvW‡K A¨vjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW e‡j|
15. ASCII †KvW Kx?
ASCII †KvW n‡”Q Ggb GKwU enyj e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW hv gvB‡µvKw¤úDUvi, wgwb
Kw¤úDUvimn A‡bK ‡gBb‡d«g Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ nq|
16. BCD †KvW Kx?
`kwgK msL¨v c×wZi cÖwZwU AsK‡K mgZzj¨ Pvi weU evBbvwi msL¨v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv‡K BCD †KvW
e‡j|
17. BDwb‡KvW Kx?
we‡k¦i mKj fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUvi †KvWfz³ Kivi Rb¨ eo eo †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv gvb ‰Zwi K‡i‡Qb hv‡K
BDwb‡KvW e‡j|
Abyaveb g~jK cÖkœ

1. 6+5+3=1110 n‡Z cv‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki|

2. 2-Gi cwic~iK wWwRUvj eZ©bx‡K mij K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki|
3. we‡k¦i mKj fvlv‡K †KvWfz³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki|
4. 9+7=10 m¤¢e wK-bv? e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. FF-Gi c‡ii msL¨vwU 100- e¨vL¨v Ki|
6. Ò2-Gi cwic~iK Ki‡j msL¨vi ïaygvÎ wP‡ýi cwieZ©b nqÓ- eywS‡q †jL|
7. wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m e¨eüZ msL¨v c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
8. Ò1+1+1=11Ó e¨vL¨v Ki|
9. 3-wfwËK msL¨v c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
10. 2-Gi cwic~iK MV‡bi ¸iæZ¡/cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v/Av‡jvPbv Ki|
11. BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~‡e© me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK¨vj †KvWwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
12. (11)10 msL¨vwU‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v ejv nq †Kb?
13. 5D ‡Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? e¨vL¨v Ki|
14. 3+5=10 ‡Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
15. (14)10 Gi mgKÿ BCD †KvW Ges evBbvwi msL¨vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡Z ‡ewk weU cÖ‡qvRb?
16. (25)10 msL¨v Kw¤úDUvi mivmwi MÖnY K‡i bv- e¨vL¨v Ki|
17. msL¨v c×wZi †eR e¨vL¨v Ki|
18. weU I evB‡Ui g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wjL|
19. (734)10 †K wewmwW †Kv‡W iƒcvšÍi Ki|
20. wewmwW †KvW Ges A¨vmwK †Kv‡Wi cv_©K¨ †jL|
Gm Gg kixd
cwiPvjK - Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg|
cwiPvjK - Av‡jvob wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© †KvwPs|

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 Gm Gg AvBwmwU GKv‡Wwg
eªvþ›`x, biwms`x m`i, biwms`x|
01758-942318, 01831-750181
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³
‡jKPvi : 8 (m„Rbkxj cÖk)œ ■ Aa¨vq : Z…Zxq (1g cvU© : msL¨v c×wZ)

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ

1► ZvmwKb m¨vi †kÖwYK‡ÿ ICT wel‡qi msL¨v c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb| K¬v‡mi GK ch©v‡q †mv‡nj I
†ivnvb‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb †Zvgiv 1g mvgwqK cixÿvq ICT wel‡q KZ b¤^i †c‡qwQ‡j? †mv‡nj ejj (105)8
Ges ‡ivnvb ejj (4F)16 wcQ‡b e‡m _vKv wmgwZqv ejj Avwg‡Zv (100111)2 b¤^i †c‡qwQ|
K. evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. 6+5+3=1110 n‡Z cv‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. wmgwZqvi cÖvß b¤^iwU `kwg‡K iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. ‡mv‡nj I †ivnvb Gi cÖvß b¤^‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wYY©q Kiv hvq wKbv? we‡kølYc~e©K 4
gZvgZ `vI|
2► K…wó, wcqvj I gyw³ mncvVxi weevn Dcj‡ÿ¨ h_vµ‡g (5D7)16, (750)8 I (999)10 UvKv w`‡q Dcnvi
mvgMÖx µq Kij|
K. ASCII Kx? 1
L. 2-Gi cwic~iK wWwRUvj eZ©bx‡K mij K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ K…wó I gyw³i Dcnvi mvgMÖxi g~j¨ evBbvwi‡Z †gvU KZ n‡e wbY©q Ki| 3
N. wcqvj I K…wói Dcnvi µ‡qi g~j¨ h_vµ‡g †n·v‡Wwm‡gj I `kwgK msL¨vq wbY©q Ki| 4
3► Szwg I iæwg †U÷ cixÿvq cÖvß ‡gvU b¤^i h_vµ‡g (920)10 I (720)8| Zv‡`i K¬vm ‡ivj h_vµ‡g (37)8 I
(3A)16|
K. wewmwW †KvW Kx? 1
L. we‡k¦i mKj fvlv‡K †KvWfz³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ †ivj b¤^i `yÕwU‡K cÖPwjZ msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. Szwg I iæwgi cÖvß b¤^i `yÕwUi cv_©K¨ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wbiƒcY Kiv m¤¢e wK bv? we‡kølb Ki| 4
4► ÔKÕ K‡j‡Ri AvBwmwU wkÿK †ev‡W© (63)10, (63)8 I (63.8)16 msL¨v¸‡jv wjL‡jb Ges wØZxq I Z…Zxq
msL¨v `ywU †hvM K‡i †`Lv‡jb| AZtci ej‡jb, ÒKw¤úDUv‡ii Af¨šÍ‡i mg¯Í MvwYwZK KvR nq GKwU gvÎ
Acv‡ik‡bi gva¨‡gÓ|
K. BDwb‡KvW Kx? 1
L. 9+7=10 m¤¢e wK-bv? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki wØZxq I Z…Zxq msL¨v `ywUi †hvMdj evBbvwi‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Acv‡ik‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ_g I wØZxq msL¨vi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e - we‡kølY K‡i 4
†`LvI|
5► AvBwmwU wkÿK ‡kÖwYK‡ÿ msL¨v c×wZ covw”Q‡jb| GK Qv·K †ivj b¤^i wRÁvmv Kivq †m (375)10 DËi
w`j| wkÿK Qv‡Îi †ivj bv¤^viwU‡K 8wU ‡gŠwjK wPýwewkó msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i †`Lv‡jb| QvÎwUi MZ
eQ‡ii †ivj b¤^i (17C)16 Rvb‡Z †c‡i wkÿK Zvi †kl cixÿvi djvdj fv‡jv n‡q‡Q gšÍe¨ Ki‡jb|
K. ‡KvW Kx? 1
L. FF-Gi c‡ii msL¨vwU 100- e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. wkÿ‡Ki cÖ`wk©Z msL¨v c×wZ‡Z eZ©gvb ‡ivj b¤^iwU iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g †ivj b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨ wbY©q K‡i wkÿ‡Ki gšÍe¨ g~j¨vqb Ki| 4

Gm Gg kixd
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6► mywg, mywgi evev I gv‡qi eqm h_vµ‡g (10)16, (100)8 Ges (2F)16 eQi|
K. wewmwW †KvW Kx? 1
L. Ò2-Gi cwic~iK Ki‡j msL¨vi ïaygvÎ wP‡ýi cwieZ©b nqÓ- eywS‡q †jL| 2
M. mywgi gv‡qi eqm A±vj msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. mywgi evevi eqm mywgi eq‡mi KZ ¸b? we‡kølY Ki| 4
7► `„k¨Kí-K : X = (36.75)10, Y = (59.F)16
`„k¨Kí-L : P = (57)8, Q = (30)10
K. BDwb‡KvW Kx? 1
L. wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m e¨eüZ msL¨v c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. `„k¨Kí-K Gi X I Y gvb‡K evBbvwi‡Z †hvM Ki| 3
N. `„k¨Kí-L G DwjøwLZ P I Q Gi g‡a¨ e¨eavb 2-Gi cwic~iK c×wZ e¨envi K‡i wbY©q Ki| 4
8► iwb AvBwmwU K¬v‡k wewfbœ msL¨v c×wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i| GB aviYvi wfwˇZ iwbi ‡ev‡bi eqm
(110101)2 Ges fvB‡qi eqm (53)8 eQi| iwb I Zvi fvB GKB eªv‡Ûi I GKB g‡W‡ji `yBwU ¯‹yj e¨vM
h_vµ‡g (207)16 I (510)10 UvKv w`‡q wfbœ †`vKvb †_‡K µq K‡i|
K. BDwb‡KvW Kx? 1
L. Ò1+1+1=11Ó e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki iwbi fvB I †ev‡bi eq‡mi cv_©K¨ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wbY©q Ki| 3
N. Zv‡`i ¯‹zj e¨v‡Mi g~j¨ A±vj c×wZ‡Z wbY©qc~e©K gZvgZ `vI| 4
9► ivbv I mywg AvBwmwU cixÿvq (110010)2 Gi g‡a¨ (62)8 Ges (2F)16 b¤^i †c‡q‡Q|
K. ‡KvW Kx? 1
L. 3-wfwËK msL¨v c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ AvBwmwUi c~Y© b¤^i `kwg‡K cwieZ©b Ki| 3
N. ‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g ivbv I mywgi AvBwmwU‡Z cÖvß b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨ wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e - MvwYwZKfv‡e we‡kølY 4
Ki|
10 ► ÒXÓ, ÒYÓ I ÒZÓ wZb eÜz| evRv‡i w`‡q ÒXÓ (110110)2 UvKvi, ÒYÓ (36)8 UvKvi Ges ÒZÓ (A9)16
UvKvi eB wKbj|
K. ‡KvW Kx? 1
L. 2-Gi cwic~iK MV‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ÒXÓ I ÒYÓ Gi g‡a¨ Kvi eB‡qi `vg †ewk Ges KZ ‡ewk? 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki wZb R‡bi eB‡qi †gvU `vg KZ Zv A±vj cÖKvk Ki| 4
11 ► AvBwmwU wkÿ GKv`k †kÖwY‡Z msL¨v c×wZ covw”Q‡jb| wKš‘ GKRb Qv‡Îi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb wei³
n‡q Zvi †ivj b¤^i wRÁvm Ki‡jb| QvÎ DËi w`j (30)10| Zvici wkÿK Qv‡Îi MZ †kÖwYi †ivj wRÁvm
Ki‡j DËi w`j (15)10| ZLb wkÿK Zv‡K ej‡jb, †Zvgvi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y Lvivc dj n‡q‡Q|
K. msL¨v c×wZi †em Kx? 1
L. BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~‡e© me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK¨vj †KvWwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Qv‡Îi eZ©gvb †kÖwYi †ivj evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z cÖKvk Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Qv‡Îi `yB †kÖwYi †iv‡ji cv_©K¨ ïaygvÎ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g ‡ei K‡i djvd‡ji cwieZ©b 4
g~j¨vqb Ki|
12 ► kwdK, wkdv Ges Zbq wZb R‡bi AvBwmwU‡Z cÖvß b¤^i h_vµ‡g (1001000)2, (531)8 Ges (4A)16|
K. msL¨v c×wZ ej‡Z Kx eyS? 1
L. (11)10 msL¨vwU‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Zbq Gi cÖvß b¤^i `kwg‡K c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki wkdvi cÖvß b¤^i n‡Z (1100011)2 msL¨vwU KZ †ewk ev Kg Zv wbY©q Ki| 4

Òm„wóKZ©v ‡Zvgv‡K ‡Zvgvi ‡Póvi Dci djvdj w`‡e,

fv‡jv wKQz Ki‡Z PvB‡j m„wóKZ©vi Dci fimv K‡i m‡e©v”P ‡Póv Ki|Ó
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