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de
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PERMAGRAPH® C
for the computer controlled
measurement of hysteresis curves
of hard magnetic materials

• Introduction

®
The PERMAGRAPH C is an automatic computer controlled measuring system to determine the magnetic
characteristics of permanent magnets.
With the precision fluxmeters EF 5 and the high performance software package PERMA we offer an
automatic measuring station which facilitates quick and reliable measurements.
®
The PERMAGRAPH C is a measuring system which will meet your present and future requirements. Our
instruments are known for quality and long lifetime.
The system design conforms to the standards IEC 60404-5, ASTM A977, DIN IEC 60404-5 (replacement
for DIN 50470, DIN EN 10332). The temperature upgrade conforms to IEC 61807TR, DIN IEC 68/190/CDV.
The equipment has been optimized for years and has been made especially to the requirements of our
customers. Among others, the following measurements are possible:

• Automatic measurement of the hysteresis curves of permanent magnets

• Determination of magnetic quantities like remanence, coercivity, max. energy product
• Measurements with surrounding coils to determine the magnetic mean values
• Measurements at temperatures up to 200 °C with heat ing poles and temperature surrounding coils
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• Measuring Method
®
Depending on the model of the PERMAGRAPH C and its particular accessories the following
measurements are possible using our components:

Measurement of Ferrite magnets Measurement of AlNiCo, Ferrite or Rare Earth

using measuring poles with incorporated pole magnets (e.g. samarium-cobalt, Sm-Co and
coils. neodymium-iron-boron, Nd-Fe-B)
with J-compensated surrounding coils.

Measurement of Ferrite segment magnets Important:

with segment pole sets with incorporated pole For the saturation of the rare earth magnets an
coils, each pole corresponding to the radii of the impulse magnetizer and a magnetization coil are
segment magnet. additionally required.

Magnet shapes Measurement of AlNiCo, Ferrite or Rare earth

which may be measured with pole coils without magnets at high temperatures
determination of their cross section in the with up to 200 °C heatable poles and temperature
®
PERMAGRAPH C: resistant JHT surrounding coils.

All important applications and examples for

measuring techniques especially regarding the
®
PERMAGRAPH are described in our booklet

“Magnetic Measuring Techniques”

by Dr. Erich Steingroever
and Dr. Gunnar Ross

which we supply free of charge (also as pdf file).

• Product Family

®
A PERMAGRAPH C can be composed from a variety of components and accessories.

For the measurement of the different magnetic materials we offer standard packages which can be
completed by further components according to your application.

On the following pages we list up the components which are included in the packages and give technical
details. You will also find a list with all available measuring equipment and accessories.
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• Standard Packages

Basic package “Ferrite”

Universal package Permagraph C – 300
Permagraph C – 300
®
1 PERMAGRAPH power supply SVP 2 1 PERMAGRAPH power supply SVP 2
2 Electronic Fluxmeters EF 5 2 Electronic Fluxmeters EF 5
® ®
1 Cabinet for PERMAGRAPH C 1 Cabinet for PERMAGRAPH C
1 Electromagnet EP 3 1 Electromagnet EP 3
2 Poles P 0/0, 92 mm Ø, without pole coils 2 Poles P 0/0, 92 mm Ø, without pole coils
1 Flat pole coil measuring system P 6/6 1 Flat pole coil measuring system P 6/6
(or optionally P 3/3) (or optionally P 3/3)
1 Field measuring coil FS 100/2 1 Field measuring coil FS 100/2
1 J-compensated surrounding coil JH 26-1 1 PERMAGRAPH-control unit consisting of :
®
(other diameter on request) 1 PERMAGRAPH control board ST-P/R2
®
1 PERMAGRAPH control unit consisting of: 1 Computer Hardware PC-PERM
1 PERMAGRAPH-control board ST-P/R2 1 Software PERMA for Windows
1 Computer Hardware PC-PERM 1 Training in our works
1 Software PERMA for Windows
1 Training in our works
®
Basic package “Rare Earth” Upgrade package PERMAGRAPH C
Permagraph C – 300 for measurements at temperatures up to 200 °C
1 PERMAGRAPH power supply SVP 2 1 Temperature control unit TC 3
2 Electronic Fluxmeters EF 5 1 Thermocouple Type J
®
1 Cabinet for PERMAGRAPH C 2 Heating poles PT 200
1 Electromagnet EP 3 1 Temperature surrounding coil JHT 40-4
2 Poles P 0/0, 92 mm Ø, without pole coils (other diameter on request)
1 J-compensated surrounding coil JH 26-1
(other diameter on request)
1 PERMAGRAPH-control unit consisting of: Option Electromagnet EP 5
®
1 PERMAGRAPH control board ST-P/R2
1 Computer Hardware PC-PERM Electromagnet EP 5
1 Software PERMA for Windows To be supplied instead of the electromagnet EP 3
1 Training in our works which is included in the standard packages

• The MAGNET-PHYSIK Measuring Method

For the measurement of the field strength H we use either integrated or separate field measuring coils.
Therefore a Hall effect gaussmeter is superfluous. If Hall sensors are used to measure H next to the
specimen additional space for the probe and an additional gaussmeter is required. Hall sensors are very
fragile and can easily be damaged. Because of the linearity error and the temperature dependence of the
sensitivity of a Hall sensor, corrections are necessary to achieve an acceptable accuracy. Additional errors
can arise from the facts that the Hall probe has always to be aligned truly perpendicular to the magnetic
field direction and that it is, due to the small active area, more sensitive to local field strength variations.
Therefore it is the better solution to use a field measuring coil instead of a Hall probe.
If a surrounding coil is used field strength and polarisation are measured with only one combined coil
system. As no space for the Hall probe is required, specimens of a thickness down to only 1 mm can be
measured.
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• Technical Data

PERMAGRAPH power supply SVP 2 Voltage : 0 - 120 V

for the electromagnet, Current : 0 - 25 A
with minimum ripple voltage, Output power : 3 kW
electronic remote control Mains* : 3 x 380 - 415 V
50-60 Hz
Weight : 15 kg

Electronic Fluxmeter EF 5 Detailed technical data and an exact description of the

to measure the polarization J properties of these instruments can be found on one of
as well as the field strength H the next pages.
(2 instruments needed)

Temperature control unit TC 3 Mains : 380 - 415 V, 250 VA,

Allows temperature measurement 50-60 Hz
and computer control of the Weight : 12 kg
temperature of heating poles PT 200

Cabinet for PERMAGRAPH C Length : 520 mm

houses above mentioned Width : 600 mm
components, a controller for the Height : 800 mm
electromagnet power supply and Weight : 25 kg
polarity and the electrical wiring

Control board ST-P/R2 Weight : 0.3 kg

Computer board with inputs and
outputs to control the power supply
and the measuring procedures

PERMAGRAPH electromagnet EP 3 Max. field strength :

magnetizes hard magnetic samples - 92 mm standard poles, 1700 kA/m
to record hysteresis curves. The 2 mm air gap (21.5 kOe)
pole distance is manually adjustable. Bottom pole size : 100 mm x 100 mm
Standard pole diameter : 92 mm
Air gap (without poles) : 73 – 102 mm
Air gap (with standard poles) : 0 – 63 mm
Nominal short-time electrical
load : 3 kW
Weight : 128 kg

PERMAGRAPH electromagnet EP 5 Max. field strength :

magnetizes hard magnetic samples - 92 mm standard poles, approx. 2200 kA/m
to record hysteresis curves. The 2 mm air gap (27.5 kOe)
pole distance is manually adjustable. - 65 mm FeCo poles, approx. 2500 kA/m
2 mm air gap (32 kOe)
Max. pole diameter : 92 mm
Air gap, without poles : 0 – 130 mm
Air gap, with standard poles : 0 – 110 mm
Nominal short-time electrical
load : 3 kW
Weight : 220 kg

*Other voltage configurations may require an internal or external transformer. Therefore please contact factory.
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• Description of Hard- and Software

The two fluxmeters are synchronously triggered. They are controlled by the computer. The measured data
are received from the two fluxmeters via the interfaces and displayed on the computer display in real-time.
This allows the results already to be checked while the measuring procedure is in progress. The measuring
process is controlled via the computer board ST-P/R-2.

The specimen and measuring parameters can be stored. Thus in the case of new measurements only a
few new inputs must be made.

• Software Features PERMA – Software for Permagraph® C

User friendly, menu driven operation

Fast access to important functions via function keys

Context sensitive help

Automatic detection of coils and measurement type

Real time display of the curve during the measurement

Saving of measuring data and parameters

Automatic saving (e.g. below a test number)

Calculation of results, data analysis

Print preview

Output of measuring results and curves on a printer

Output of measuring results and curves as graphic files (.gif, .jpeg, .bmp) or via the Windows
clipboard

Output of measuring results in files or data bases allowing statistical treatments in programs like
Microsoft Excel

Various possibilities for customer specific output design

Display of demagnetization curve and/or hysteresis loop, for J(H) and B(H)

Display of up to 5 curves in one diagram with results

Language separately selectable for program menus and output (English, German, French, Spanish,
Russian, Czech, Slovak, simplified Chinese)

Microsoft Windows 2000/XP/Vista compatible

• Parameters

Default parameters minimize the number of necessary inputs

Calculation of the cross-sectional area from specimen geometries

• Drift Correction

Automatic drift correction during warm-up (max. 1 minute)

Proposal for drift correction by software if required, automatically before measurement or on
command (20 s).

Automatic calibration during warm-up or before drift correction (10 s)

Duration of measurement: adjustable, usually 20 – 120 seconds according to specimen type

Speed enhancement by faster magnetization and sufficiently slow demagnetization.
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• Curves

Demagnetization curve

Complete hysteresis loop

Recoil curves

Automatic stop at HcJ possible

Automatic stop at -Imax possible

(BH)max area

B = 0 line

• Evaluation

Remanence (Br or Jr)

Coercivity of J curve HcJ (intrinsic coercivity)

Coercivity of B curve HcB (normal coercivity)

Maximum energy product (BH)max

Maximum field strength

Hk: knee shape parameter (H coordinate of intrinsic curve when B = 0.9 · Br)

Hx: H coordinate of J(H) curve when B = x · Br

Tables of J(H) and B(H), where H are user defined field strengths. Tables of H values can be
predefined and stored.

Output of sample and measurement parameters and calculated results in ASCII files, for import by
other programs

Output of sample and measurement parameters and calculated results in data bases

Temperature correction: Conversion of results by means of temperature coefficients

• Units

Full support of SI and CGS units in software and output

Change of unit system possible at any time

Simultaneous display of SI and CGS units on diagram axis

CONTROL UNIT
Computer-Hardware for Permagraph C included in standard packages

For the set-up of an automatic measuring system and smooth operation of the before mentioned software
the following hardware components are required:

• Personal computer with • Interfaces • WINDOWS (current version)

• Hard disk drive (2 x COM, USB) • HP Deskjet (current model,
• CD/DVD drive • Various connection cables for printer not supplied to China)
• Network connection printer, computer etc.
• LCD flat screen
• Keyboard, Mouse

It is recommended to have the computer configured by Magnet-Physik. We cannot guarantee faultless

operation if apart from the programs loaded by us further software is installed.
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• Electronic Fluxmeter EF 5

• Description

The Electronic Fluxmeter EF 5 is designed to measure the magnetic flux using measuring coils. It
comprises a precision electronic DC integrator of high sensitivity and extremely low drift.

Key features:

Microprocessor controlled, easy operation

Automatic drift correction

Unique continuously working integrator: measuring range limits must not be observed

Self-adjustment by built-in voltage-time reference

Complete menu control, the most important functions can directly be accessed by function keys

Automatic calculation of measuring results taking into account the coil parameters

Directly reading in Volt-Seconds, Weber, Tesla, Gauss or other units

Automatic coil recognition and instrument configuration for measuring coils with data memories

4 limit comparators with relay outputs for process control

Modern, compact design

Directly installable to 19" racks

• Technical Data
Display backlight LCD, 122 x 41 mm²
Reading max. 6 digits plus 2 digits for exponent
-4 -5 -6 -7
Resolution 10 / 10 / 10 / 10 Vs
Upper range limits none due to continuously working integrator
< 10 Vs (Ri + Rs ≥ 10 kΩ, Rs = meas. coil resistance)
-6
Drift per minute
Units (depending on coil type) Vs, Wb, T, G, Vs/cm², A/m, Oe, Vs cm, A, Vs/n (per turn)
-7
Basic accuracy 0.1 % of reading ± 10 Vs
Input resistances Ri 0 Ω, 10 kΩ
Maximum input voltage 60 V
Measurements per second 25
Trigger internal, external
Extreme values Max., Min., Max.-Min.
Analog output ±10 V, adjustable scaling
Interfaces RS232, adjustable baud rate 4800 to 38400
24 V I/O for PLC (reset, drift control, hold reading, trigger, ready)
IEEE 488 (optional)
Limit comparator 4 trip points, relay outputs (alternators)
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• Electromagnets

Electromagnet EP 3
For the use with PERMAGRAPH C

High field strength in the air gap: up to 1700 kA/m

(21.5 kOe) with 2 mm air gap and straight poles

Exchangeable pole caps with following options:

- made of soft magnetic steel or FeCo
- diameter 92 mm straight or tapered
- with or without pole coils
- without or with heating (up to 200 °C)
- air gap plane parallel or with segment profile

Minor heating of the field coils

Easy movement of upper poles by hand wheel

No danger of injuries by skewed yoke frame

Required power supply: 3 kW

Electromagnet EP 5
The measurement of hysteresis curves of permanent magnets in a
measuring yoke requires very high field strengths for the
demagnetization of the modern, high coercive materials (Samarium-
Cobalt and Neodymium-Iron-Boron).

Exchangeable pole caps with options like EP 3

Easy movement of the upper pole by hand wheel
on the front side

No danger of injuries by closed yoke frame

Required power supply: 3 kW

Achievable field strength with poles tapered to 65 mm diameter:

With the measuring yoke EP 5 the

high field strength in the air gap is
achieved by moving the upper field
coil together with the upper pole in
the frame of electromagnet so that
the magnetic field of the two coils has
an optimum effect.

In addition the pole shape and the

winding cross sections are of
optimum design.
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• Accessories for Permagraph®

Electromagnet Poles
Exchangeable pole caps for electromagnets EP 3 and
EP 5 (usually 2 poles P 0/0 needed). Poles are made of
softmagnetic steel or iron cobalt (FeCo) alloy (Vana-
dium Permendur), which is the material with the highest
saturation polarization. Special sizes available on
request.
Pole P 0/0, 92 mm Ø
standard pole for measurement with surrounding
coils or flat pole coil measuring systems. Made of
softmagnetic steel.
Pole P 0/0, 92 mm Ø
Pole P 0/0, 65 mm Ø
for measurement with surrounding coils. Tapered
from 92 mm to 65 mm. Maximum surrounding coil
diameter: 40 mm. Made of softmagnetic steel.
Pole P 0/0, 65 mm Ø FeCo
for measurement with surrounding coils. Tapered
from 92 mm to 65 mm. Maximum surrounding coil
diameter: 40 mm. Made of FeCo.
Pole P 0/0, 80 mm Ø
for measurement with surrounding coils or as
counterpart to a pole coil measuring system with Pole P 0/0, 65 mm Ø FeCo
80 mm dia. (Regarding use in EP 3 contact factory)

Measuring Poles
with pole coils, for insertion in the electromagnets for
measurement at room temperatures.

Flat Pole Coil Measuring Systems
Recommended for ferrite magnets. The measuring
system can be positioned on standard poles 92 mm
diameter. The poles are made of FeCo.
Flat Pole P 3/3-15, 92 mm Ø
with 2 incorporated pole coils 3 mm Ø
Flat Pole P 6/6-15, 92 mm Ø Flat Pole P 3/3-15
with 2 incorporated pole coils 6 mm Ø

Pole Coil Measuring Systems
for measurement of the polarization J = B - µ0 · H
with two incorporated pole coils (suitable for ferrite
magnets). The poles are fixed in the electromagnet.
As counterpart a pole P 0/0 ∅ 80 mm is required.
The poles are made of soft magnetic steel.
(Regarding use in EP 3 contact factory)
Pole P 3/3, 80 mm Ø
with 2 incorporated pole coils 3 mm Ø
Pole P 6/6, 80 mm Ø
with 2 incorporated pole coils 6 mm Ø
Pole P 9/9, 80 mm Ø Pole P 6/6, 80 mm ∅
with 2 incorporated pole coils 9 mm Ø
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• Accessories for Permagraph

®

Field Coil FS 100/2

for the measurement of the magnetic field strength
or flux density on permanent magnets or in magnet
systems. Required for H measurement when pole
coil measuring systems are used.

Thickness: 2 mm, area turns: approx. 100 cm². Field Coil FS 100/2

Field Coil FS 100/1

for the measurement of the magnetic field strength
or flux density on permanent magnets or in magnet
systems. Especially suitable if thin magnet sheets
are measured using pole coils.

Thickness: 1 mm, area turns: approx. 100 cm². Field Coil FS 100/1

J-compensated surrounding coils

with integrated fields coil for measurements at room
temperature. Coil thickness: 1 mm

J-compensated surrounding coil JH 10-1

Diameter 10 mm, sample diameter 3 ... 10 mm

J-compensated surrounding coil JH 15-1

Diameter 15 mm, sample diameter 10 ... 15 mm

J-compensated surrounding coil JH 26-1

Diameter 26 mm, sample diameter 15 ... 26 mm

J-compensated surrounding coil JH 40-1

Diameter 40 mm, sample diameter 26 ... 40 mm

J-compensated surrounding coil JH 60-1

Diameter 60 mm, sample diameter 40 ... 60 mm J-compensated surrounding coil JH 26-1

Other J-compensated surrounding coils, also in rectangular shape, can be supplied on request
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• Accessories for Measurements at Elevated Temperatures

Heating poles PT 200

for hysteresis measurements at specimen
temperatures up to 200 °C. The poles contain a heat ing
element and are tapered from 92 mm diameter to
60 mm diameter. They can be inserted into the
electromagnets EP 3 and EP 5. Two poles are needed.

Thermocouple TH-J
Heating pole PT 200
Temperature sensor for the measurement of the
specimen temperature, for insertion into heating poles
PT 200

Thermocouple TH-J
Temperature surrounding coils
with integrated field coil, for measurements at
temperatures up to 200 °C. Coil thickness: 4 mm.

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 10-4

Diameter 10 mm, sample diameter 3 … 10 mm

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 15-4

Diameter 15 mm, sample diameter 10 … 15 mm

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 26-4

Diameter 26 mm, sample diameter 15 … 26 mm

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 40-4

Diameter 40 mm, sample diameter 26 ... 40 mm

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 40-4

Thin temperature surrounding coils

with integrated field coil, for measurements at
temperatures up to 200 °C. Coil thickness: 2 mm.

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 10-2

Diameter 10 mm, sample diameter 3 … 10 mm

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 15-2

Diameter 15 mm, sample diameter 10 … 15 mm

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 26-2

Diameter 26 mm, sample diameter 15 … 26 mm

Temperature surrounding coil JHT 26-2

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• Special Applications
Segment Poles with pole coils
for the measurement of segment magnets. Both the
upper and the lower pole contain pole coil systems.
Thus the polarization can be measured either on the
lower or the upper side of the segment magnet or
both pole coil systems can be connected together to
obtain the average.
The set of poles is constructed corresponding to the
radii of the segment magnet. Magnets with different
sizes and thicknesses but the same radii can be
measured with the same pole set.

Set of segment poles

Fe quality

Set of segment poles

FeCo quality Segment Poles with pole coils

The poles are suitable for the use in the electro-

magnets EP 3 and EP 5. For the measurement you
require furthermore: one field measuring coil
FS 100/2.

Optionally available:
Spring loaded holding device TP 2
(not suitable for EP 3)

This device makes the mounting of the set of

segment poles to the electromagnet faster and
easier.

Segment Poles MC-BLW

for the measurement of ferrite segment magnets
according to DIN 50472 or respectively a BOSCH
in-house standard. The set of poles is
constructed corresponding to the radii and size of
the segment magnet.

A coil in one of the poles senses the total

magnetic flux penetrating the magnet. The pole
distance is fixed and the measurement is carried
out with a well defined air gap. A sheared
hysteresis loop is obtained.

The poles are suitable for the use in the

electromagnets EP 3 or EP 5. For the
measurement you require furthermore: one field Segment Pole MC-BLW
measuring coil FS 100/2.

An extension of the PERMA software allows the

evaluation of the measurements according to the
test directions of BOSCH.
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• Variants

® ®
PERMAGRAPH – REMAGRAPH –
COMBINATION C – 750

For the measurement of the static hysteresis

loops of soft and hard magnetic materials.
® ®
The PERMAGRAPH -REMAGRAPH -COMBINA-
TION C – 750 combines the measuring
®
possibilities of PERMAGRAPH C and
®
REMAGRAPH C in one instrument. As some
components are only required once, the
combination offers a reasonable alternative to
separate devices.

Components of the standard package:

®

Cabinet for PERMAGRAPH
®
-
REMAGRAPH -
COMBINATION C – 750

Electronic Fluxmeters EF 5 (2 instruments)
®

REMAGRAPH power supply SVR 4
®

PERMAGRAPH power supply SVP 2
®

REMAGRAPH measuring yoke MJR 5 with
exchangeable pole pieces

J-compensated surrounding coil, round JRR

J-compensated surrounding coil, flat JRF
® ®

Potential coil PS-R-40/58 Cabinet of PERMAGRAPH – REMAGRAPH –

Connection box for ring specimens CB-R COMBINATION C – 750
®
(with optional Temperature Control TC 3)

PERMAGRAPH electromagnet EP 3

Pole caps P 0/0 92 mm (2 pieces)

J-compensated surrounding coil JH 26-1 All accessories of the PERMAGRAPH C and
®
(other diameter on request) ®
REMAGRAPH C can also be used with the

Flat pole coil system P 6/6-15 FeCo combination.

Field measuring coil FS 100/2
You can find a detailed description of all features

Computer Hardware ®
of the REMAGRAPH C and of the optional

Control board ST-P/R2 accessories in the specification of this
instrument.

Software PERMA and REMA

Introduction and training in our works
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• Further Accessories
Nickel samples
With proprietary calibration certificate
®
for testing and calibrating the PERMAGRAPH .
Cylinder with a length 10 mm and a cross-
sectional area of 0.5 cm², 1.0 cm², 2.0 cm² or 5.0
cm².
Saturation polarization: 0.6 T ± 1.5 %.

Nickel Sample
Reference Magnet
Isotropic ferrite magnet embedded in brass
frame, diameter 24 mm, for testing and
®
calibrating the PERMAGRAPH , with proprietary
calibration certificate and measuring diagram.
Reference Magnet
TS-USB
Room temperature sensor (NTC) for USB
connection. With this sensor the room
temperature can be shown on the computer
display and be saved with the measurement.

Computer accessories
Computer accessories like laser printer, CD/DVD
writer, etc. are available on request.

• Services
Taking into operation and training – in Magnet-Physik’s premises
®
in the operation of the computer controlled PERMAGRAPH C and its software.

The training takes 1 day and is included in the standard packages. The customer has to bear all costs in
connection with the journey, the stay in Germany, accommodation, food, etc.

Taking into operation and training – in the customer’s premises

®
in the operation of the computer controlled PERMAGRAPH C and its software.

The training takes 1 day and is at customer’s expenses. Additionally the customer has to bear the costs
for our engineer in connection with the journey (incl. expenses for travelling hours), the stay,
accommodation, food, etc.

Due to continuous product improvements specifications are subject to change without notice.

MAGNET-PHYSIK Dr. Steingroever GmbH MAGNET-PHYSICS Inc.

Emil-Hoffmann-Straße 3, D-50996 Köln 9001 Technology Drive Suite C-2, Fishers, IN 46038, USA
Phone : +49 / (0)2236 / 3919-0 ▪ Fax: +49 / (0)2236 / 3919-19 Phone: +1 317 577 8700 ▪ Fax: +1 317 578 2510
e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.magnet-physik.de Website: www.magnet-physics.com

© MAGNET-PHYSIK
2092/08 Permagraph C
Dr. Steingroever GmbH, Köln 2008