TOPIC: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Loại Mệnh đề điều kiện Mệnh đề chính Cách sử dụng

If + S+ S+
- V1, Vs, Ves - will/shall/can/must+Vo điều kiện có thể
1 - don’t,doesn’t + Vo - have to/be going to+Vo xảy ra trong tương
- am, is, are - V1, Vs, Ves lai.
Please + Vo
If + S+ - Ved, V2
điều kiện trái với
2 - didn’t + Vo S+ would/ could/ might + Vo
hiện tại.
- were
If + S+ had + Ved/ V3 S+ would/ could/ might + have điều kiện trái với
3
+ Ved/ V3 quá khứ.
-If + S+ had + Ved/ V3 S + would/ could/ might + Vo
(trái với QK – Loại 3) (trái với HT – Loại 2)
Điều
kiện
- If + S+ - Ved, V2 S+ - will/shall/can/must + Vo
hỗn
- didn’t + Vo (có thể xảy ra trong TL – Loại
hợp
- were 1)
(trái với HT – Loại 2)

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

Từ cùng loại Nghĩa Ví dụ
Unless = If…….not Nếu không If it doesn’t rain, we will go for a
picnic. =Unless it rains, we will go
for a picnic.
Providing/ Provided (that)/ as Miễn là
long as/ so long as/ on the I’ll do what you say, provided the
condition that police are not informed.
But for = Without = If it Nếu không có If it weren’t for him, this company
weren’t for/ If it hadn’t been would be in a mess.
for = But for/ without him, this
 company would be in a mess.
Suppose/ supposing Giả sử I’d do what you said, supposing you
were my mother.
Or/ or else/ otherwise + will/ Hoặc không Study harder or you won’t pass the
would + Vo exam
If only + Ved/ V2/ were Giá mà ( trái với Hiện If only I had met him last night
tại)
+ had + Ved/ V3 Giá mà ( trái với Quá If only she had a lot of money now
khứ)
As if/ as though Như thể là(trái với He acts as though he were a
+ Ved/ V2/ were Hiện tại) millionaire.
Như thể là (trái với He talked as if he had seen My Tam
+ had + Ved/ V3 Q.khứ)
Wish I wish I would pass the final exam.
+ S + would + V1 She wishes she had a lot of money
+ S + Ved/ V2/ were Ước cho Tương lai now.
+S + had + Ved/ V3 Ước trái với Hiện tại We wish we had met their son
Ước trái với Quá khứ yesterday
* Đảo ngữ câu ĐK (không có If) :
- Loại 1: Mượn SHOULD đưa ra đầu câu, động từ đưa về nguyên mẫu
- Loại 2: Mượn WERE đưa ra đầu câu, động từ đưa về To inf
- Loại 3: Đảo HAD ra đầu câu

EXERCISE
1. If I ……….a lot of money now, I …………..a new car.
a. have /will buy b. have / would buy c. had/ will buy d. had/ would buy.
2. If I ……………you, I …………….do that.
a. am/ will b. were /would c. were/ will d. had been/ would.
3. if I were offered the job, I think I ………. it.
a. take b. will take c. would take d. would have taken.
4. I would be very surprised if he……………..
a. refuses b. refused c. had refused d. would refuse.
5. Many people would be out of work if that factory………..down.
a. closes b. had closed c. closed d. would close.
6. If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
a. gets b. would get c. will get d. would have got.
7. They would be disappointed if we…………….
a. hadn’t come b. wouldn’t come c. don’t come d. didn’t come.
8. Would John be angry if I ……. ……his bicycle without asking?
a. take b. took c. had taken d. would take.
9. She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring.
a. will be b. would be c. were d. had been.
10. If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
a. would walk b. walks c. had walked d. walked.
11. What would happen if you ……………..to work tomorrow?
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. won’t go d. wouldn’t go.
12. We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out.
a. go b. did go c. went d. had gone.
13. If I go shopping, I ………some food.
a. buy b. will buy c. would buy d. would have bought.
14. If I find it, I ………you.
a. will tell b. would tell c. had told d. told.
15. What would you do if you……………a million dollars?
a. would win b. win c. had won d. won.
16. They ‘d be hurt if I ……………….
a. don’t go b. didn’t go c. hadn’t gone d. wouldn’t go.
17. If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early.
a. would have arrived b. arrived c. will arrived d. would arrive.
18. If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.
a. will go b. would go c. went d. would have gone.
19. If I …………., I would have said hello.
a. had seen b. see c. saw d. would see.
20. I…………..out if I hadn’t been so tired.
a. will go b. went c. would have gone d. would go.
21. If I ………..a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
a. have b. had c. would have d. had had.
22. You won’t pass the examination……………you study more.
a. as long as b. unless c. if d. whether.
23. If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business.
a. had known b. knew c. have known d. know.
24. If I were to leave my country , I ……………disappointed.
a. probably be b. would have been c. will be d. would be.
25. If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he…………….in his examination.
a. would fail b. wouldn’t fail c. wouldn’t have failed. d. won’t fail.
26. If I had taken that English course, I ………..much progress.
a. had made b. would have made c. made d. would make.
27. If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England.
a. will make b. had made c. made. d. would make.
28. If I ………….. you , I’d save some of your lottery winning.
a. be b. were c. am d. was
29. If the car ……….. larger, we would have bought it.
a. had been b. have been c. has been d. been
30. If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English.
a. will go b. should go c. would go d. should have go to
31. If it …….. convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
a. be b. was c. were d. is
32. If you ……. time, please write to me.
a. have b. have had c. had d. has
33. If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?
a. did b. would c. may d. do
34. Trees won’t grow ……….. there is enough water.
a. if b. when c. unless d. as
35. If you ………. to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now.
a. listen b. had listened c. will listen d. listened
36. I wish I …….. you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself.
a. can lend b. could lend c. would lend d. will lend
 37. If someone ……… into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
a. comes b. came c. would come d. could lend
38. If you stay up late the previous night, you ………. sleepy the next morning.
a. feel b. to feel c. feels d. will feel
39. If Peter ………., Sarah will be sad because she wants to meet him very much
a. comes b. do not come c. does not come d. will come
40. If his teeth still …….., he will have to go to the dentist’s again.
a. hurt b. hurts c. to hurt c. will hurt
41. If you…………Tom , tell him I have a message for him.
a. will meet b. would meet c. meet d. met
42. If you …………too hot during the night , turn down the central heating.
a. will feel b. felt c. feel d. feels.
43. If you …………with your dictionary, I ‘d like to borrow it.
a. finish b. finished c. will finish d. are finishing.
44. If I lived nearer the centre , I …………always late.
a. wouldn’t be b. can be c. won’t be d. will be.
45. What would Lan do if she …………..the Miss world.
a. would be b. were c. will be d. is.
46. If I ………….her , I would have said “ hello”
a. has seen b. have seen c. saw d. had seen.
47. If she had read the passage more slowly , the candidate…………………….
a. understood. b. would have understood
c. will understood d. would understand.
48. If it……………, they will not go out.
a. rains b. rained c. rain d. raining.
49. Jame will not complete the work if she is …………..rarely enough.
a. tell b. telling c. tells d. told.
50. Betty will not go to the party unless John ……………….too.
a. go b. went c. going d. goes
Choose the answer that needs correcting:
51. If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth.
A b c d
 52. Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate.
A b c d
53. If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis.
A b c d
54. If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball.
A b c d
55. If the doctors could find in the remedy, a lot of people would be saved.
A b c d
56. If she bought that house now, she ran out of money.
A b c d
57. What you would do if you could speak French well?
A b c d
58. If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house.
A b c d
59. If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way.
A b c d
60. If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked.
a b c d
Choose the best answer.
Question 1: He can’t give you a lift because he doesn’t have a car.
A. Despite having a car, he can't give you a lift.
B. If he has a car, he can give you a lift.
C. If he had a car, he could give you a lift.
D. He can give you a lift although he doesn't have a car.
Question 2: We missed the turning because we forgot to take the map with us.
A. Without the right map with us, we missed the turning.
B. If we were taking the map with us, we did not miss the turning.
C. Without the map with us, we missed the turning.
D. Had we taken the map with us, we would not have missed the turning.
Question 3: The sooner we solve the problem with controlling weapons, the better it will be for all.
A. If we could solve the problem with controlling weapons, the better it will be for all.
B. If would be better for all if we can solve the problem with controlling weapons soon.
 C. If all are better, we can solve the problem with controlling weapons.
D. If we can solve the problem with controlling weapons soon, it will be better for all.
Question 4: He didn’t take his father’s advice. That’s why he is out of work.
A. If he had taken his father’s advice, he would not have been out of work.
B. If he took his father’s advice, he would not be out of work.
C. If he had taken his father’s advice, he would not be out of work.
D. If he takes his father’s advice, he will not be out of work.
Question 5: Had I known how crowded it’s be, I’d have never moved to Madrid.
A. I moved to Madrid only because I was unaware of how many people were there.
B. Since it was so crowded in Madrid, I decided that I would never move there.
C. In the end, Madrid turned out to be far more crowded than I’d thought before moving there.
D. I would have had a better time living in Madrid if only there hadn’t been so many people.
Question 6: They were exposed to biased information, so they didn’t know the true story.
A. If they got unbiased information, they could know the true story.
B. If they had unbiased the information, they could have known the true story.
C. If they had been exposed to unbiased information, they would have known the true story.
D. If they have exposed to the unbiased information, they could have seen the true story.
Question 7: We couldn’t have been to go to the final match without the coach’s flexible strategies.
A. We could have been able to go to the final match with the coach’s flexible strategies.
B. If we could be able to go to the final match, the coach would have flexible strategies.
C. If we couldn’t have been able to go to the final match, we would have had the coach’s
flexible strategies.
D. Had it not been for the coach’s flexible strategies, we couldn’t have been able to go to the
final match.
Question 8: He smokes too much; perhaps that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough.
A. If he didn’t smoke so much, he may get rid of his cough.
B. If he smoked less, he might be able to get rid of his cough.
C. If he smoked so much, he couldn’t get rid of his cough.
D. If he does not smoke, he may not have his cough.
Question 9: We survived that accident because we were wearing our seat belts.
A. If we weren't wearing our seat belts, we couldn't have survived that accident.
B. But for our seat belts, we would have survived that accident.
 C. Had we not been wearing our seat belts, we wouldn't have survived that accident.
D. Without our seat belts, we could have survived that accident.
Question 10: I didn’t know you were coming, so I didn’t wait for you.
A. If I had known you were coming, I wouldn’t have waited for you.
B. I would have waited for you if I knew you were coming.
C. If I had know you were coming, I would wait for you.
D. Had I known you were coming, I would have waited for you.
Question 11: Unless we protect the environment, our life will be badly affected.
A. If our life is badly affected, we will protect the environment.
B. If we protect the environment, our life will be badly affected.
C. If we don’t protect the environment, our life won’t be badly affected.
D. If we don’t protect the environment, our life will be badly affected.
Question 12: He didn’t take his father’s advice. That’s why he is out of work.
A. If he had taken his father’s advice, he would not have been out of work.
B. If he took his father’s advice, he would not be out of work.
C. If he had taken his father’s advice, he would not be out of work.
D. If he takes his father’s advice, he will not be out of work.
Question 13: He couldn’t retake the exam because he missed too many lessons.
A. He would retake the exam if he didn’t miss too many lessons.
B. He could have retaken the exam if he hadn’t missed too many lessons.
C. If he missed too many lessons, he wouldn’t retake the exam.
D. If he had missed too many lessons, he wouldn’t have retaken the exam.
Question 14: Start at once or you will be late.
A. Unless you start immediately, you won’t be late.
B. You would be late if you didn’t start at once.
C. If you don’t start immediately, you will be late.
D. If you started at once, you wouldn’t be late.
Question 15: If it hadn’t been for his carelessness, we would have finished the work.
A. He was careless because he hadn't finished the work.
B. If her were careful, we would finish the work.
C. If he had been more careful, we would have completed the work.
D. Because he wasn't careless, we didn’t finish the work.
Question 16: You ask such a question because you didn’t pay enough attention.
A. Had it not been for your attention, you wouldn’t ask such a question.
B. Had it not been for your inattention, you wouldn’t ask such a question.
C. Had you paid enough attention, you wouldn’t have asked such a question.
D. Had you not paid enough attention, you wouldn’t ask such a question.
Question 17: Without my tutor’s help, I couldn’t have made such a good speech.
A. Had my tutor not helped me, I couldn’t make such a good speech.
B. If my tutor didn’t help me, I couldn’t make such a good speech.
C. If it hadn’t been for my tutor’s help, I couldn’t have made such a good speech.
D. If my tutor hadn’t helped me, I could have made such a good speech.
Question 18: He did not work hard. He failed the exam.
A. Unless he had worked hard, he would have failed the exam.
B. Even though he failed the exam, he didn’t work hard.
C. If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam.
D. However hard he worked, he failed the exam.
Question 19: Jack’s watch was ten minutes slow. That was why he was late for his interview
A. If Jack’s watch hadn’t been ten minutes slow, he wouldn’t be late for his interview
B. If Jack’s watch hadn’t been ten minutes slow, he wouldn’t have been late for his interview
C. If Jack hadn’t been late for his interview, his watch wouldn’t have been ten minutes slow
D. If Jack’s watch weren’t ten minutes slow, he wouldn’t be late for his interview.
Question 20: We got lost because we forgot to take a map with us.
A. Unless we had forgotten to take the map with us, we would have got lost
B. If we had remembered to take a map with us, we wouldn't have got lost.
C. Had we not forgotten to take the map with us, we would have got lost.
D. If we had remembered to take a map with us, we would have got lost.
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