Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache / Int.J.Data.Sci. & Big Data Anal.

3(2) (2023) 66-72 Page 66 of 72

https://doi.org/10.51483/IJDSBDA.3.2.2023.66-72 ISSN: 2710-2599

International Journal of Data Science

and Big Data Analytics
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DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE

Research Paper Open Access

Graphical Method for Solving Neutrosophical Nonlinear

Programming Models
iD
Maissam Jdid1* and Florentin Smarandache2

Faculty Member, Damascus University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Syria. E-mail:
1

[email protected]
Emeritus Professor, University of New Mexico, Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences Division 705 Gurley Ave., Gallup,
2

NM 87301, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract
One important method for finding the optimal solution for linear and nonlinear
models is the graphical method, which is used if the linear or nonlinear
Article Info mathematical model contains one, two, or three variables. Models that contain
Volume 3, Issue 2, November 2023
only two variables are models for which the optimal solution has been obtained
graphically, whether these models are linear or non-linear in references that
Received : 09 July 2023
rely on classical logic. In this research, we present a study through which we
Accepted : 17 October 2023
present the graphical method for solving nonlinear neutrosophical models in
Published : 05 November 2023 the following case: (1) The objective function is a nonlinear function, and the
doi: 10.51483/IJDSBDA.3.2.2023.66-72 constraints are linear functions. (2) The objective function is a linear function
and the constraints are non-linear. (3) The objective function is a non-linear
function and the constraints are non-linear. In the three cases, the optimal
solution is the vector that satisfies all the constraints and at which the function
reaches a maximum or minimum value depending on the nature of the subject
under study (note that it does not have to be unique).

Keywords: Nonlinear models, Neutrosophic logic, Neutrosophic nonlinear models,

Graphical method

© 2023 Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache. This is an open access article under the
CCBY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original
author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were
made.

1. Introduction
Problems of mathematical examples search for maximizing or minimizing a certain quantity that we call the
objective function, and this quantity depends on a number of decision variables, as these variables may be
independent of each other or linked to each other through a set of constraints. Studying the methods of solving
nonlinear programming problems that we encounter in many practical issues, for example when we want to

* Corresponding author: Maissam Jdid, Faculty Member, Damascus University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics, Syria.
E-mail: [email protected]

2710-2599/© 2023. Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache / Int.J.Data.Sci. & Big Data Anal. 3(2) (2023) 66-72 Page 67 of 72

determine the cost of producing or purchasing goods, as well as the cost of storing manufactured or
unprocessed materials and so on. It led to the creation of a basic structure used to find these solutions from
these methods, the graphical solution method that was presented in many references using classical data,
and due to the great interest in the research that was published in many international journals, which dealt
with some topics of operations research using the concepts of science neutrosophic (Florentin and Maissam,
2023; Maissam jdid, 2023a; Maissam jdid, 2023b; Mohammed et al., 2023a; Mohammed et al., 2023b; Maissam
Jdid and Khalifa, 2023; Maissam Jdid, 2023c; Maissam Jdid, 2023d). The science that laid the foundations of
the American scientist and mathematical philosopher Florentin Smarandache, which explains the stages of
its development. What was mentioned in the research (Florentin and Maissam, 2023), we will present in this
research the graphic method used to find the optimal solution for nonlinear neutrosophic models, models
that take data neutrosophic values of indefinite values. A complete determination is not certain, and in reality
it belongs to any neighborhood of the classical values and is given as follows: It is Na = a where is the
indeterminacy and takes one of the forms or  or ... otherwise, which is any neighborhood
of the value a that we get during data collection.

2. Discussion
The importance of nonlinear models comes from the fact that many practical issues lead to nonlinear
models, which prompted many researchers and scholars to search for ways to solve these models. Many
methods were presented that helped the great development of computer science to find them and were
presented according to classical logic, i.e., data were specific values. Appropriate for the time period in
which they were collected, and since the purpose of any study of such issues is to develop plans for the
course of work in the future, the decision makers faced great difficulty because of the instability of the
conditions surrounding the work environment and in order to control all conditions and provide ideal
decisions for the issues that turn into models In two previous researches, we presented a formulation of
some concepts of nonlinear programming, and one of the ways to solve it is the method of Lagrangian
multiplication for models constrained by equal constraints using the concepts of neutrosophic science
(Maissam Jdid, 2023a; Maissam Jdid, 2023;b).
The neutrosophic mathematical model (Maissam Jdid, 2023c):
In the problem of examples where the objective and constraints are in the form of neutrosophic mathematical
functions, then the neutrosophic mathematical model is written in the following form:
Nf = Nf (x1, x2, ..., xn) (Max) or (Min)
According to the following restrictions:


 
N gi (x1 , x2 , ..., xn )    N bi ; i  1, 2, ..., m
 
 
(x1, x2, ..., xn) 

In this model, the examples of the variables in the objective function and in the constraints are neutrosophic
values, as well as the other side of the relations that represent the constraints.
Based on the information provided in the reference (Al Hamid, 2010):

2.1. The Graphic Method to Find the Optimal Solution for Nonlinear Problems
This method is suitable for simple problems that contain only two variables, it is impractical for problems that
contain more than one variables or in which the objective function is complex in addition to the presence of
restrictions that we cannot express in simple forms, so to find the optimal solution for a nonlinear model in a
graphic way we represent the constraints among the coordinate axes, we define the common solution area for
these constraints, so that it is the area of the accepted solutions for the mathematical model, then we represent
the objective function in order to determine the optimal solution.
Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache / Int.J.Data.Sci. & Big Data Anal. 3(2) (2023) 66-72 Page 68 of 72

Figure 1: The First Figure Represents the Solution to Example No (1)

We have the following example using classic values (Al Hamid, 2010):
Max f (x1, x2) = (x1 – 2)2 + (x2 – 3)2
x1 + 2x2  12
x1 + x2  9
x1, x2 0
From the Figure 1, it is clear f* = Minf = (2 – 2)2 + (3 – 3)2 = 0
Whereas, the smallest value reached by the function is in the center M(2, 3)
As for if it is required to find Maxf it will be on point E(9, 0) and therefore
f* = Maxf = (9 – 2)2 + (0 – 3)2 = 58

2.2. Neutrosophical Formula for the Previous Example

Finding the optimal solution for a nonlinear programming problem, where the objective function is a nonlinear
function, and the constraints are linear functions:
Find the minimum value of the function:
MinNf (x1, x2) = (x1 – 2)2 + (x2 – 3)2
Within the Restrictions
x1 + 2x2  12 + 
x1 + x2  9 + 
x1, x2 0
where and  it is the indeterminacy and we take it as follows:
Then the restrictions will look like this:
In this example, we take [0, 3] and [0, 2], and then the problem is written as follows:
x1 + 2x2  [12, 15]
x1 + x2  [9, 11]
x1, x2  0
Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache / Int.J.Data.Sci. & Big Data Anal. 3(2) (2023) 66-72 Page 69 of 72

Clarification: The second term of the constraints expresses the available potentials taken as Neutrosophical
values.

We need to find the vector NX* = (x*1, x*2 ) So that the inequality is fulfilled:

Nf (NX*) f X

 NXD

2.3. The Solution

We define the solution area D. This is done by representing the constraints in the coordinateplane ox1+ x2

2.3.1. First Constraint

x1 + 2x2[12, 15]

We draw the straight line represented by the equation x1 + 2x2[12, 15]

x1 = 0 2x2[12, 15] x2[6, 7.5]

A(0, [6, 7.5])

x2 = 0 x1[12, 15] 

We define the region where the first constraint is satisfied:

We know that the line represented by equation x1 + 2x2[12, 15] the plane defined by the first quadrant is
divided into two halves of a plane. We take a point, not on the specificity, from one of the two halves of the
plane, and let the point be (0, 0) we substitute in the constraint, we note that it achieves the inequality that
represents the first constraint, that is, half of the plane to which this point belongs is half of the solution plane.

2.3.2. The Second Constraint

x1 + x2[9, 11]

We draw the straight line represented by the equation x1 + x2[9, 11]

x1 = 0 x2[9, 11]

c (0, [9, 11] )

x2 = 0 x1[9, 11] 

We define the region where the second constraint is satisfied:

The line represented by equation x1 + x2 [9, 11], the plane defined by the first quarter is divided into two
halves of a plane. We take a point, not to be determined, from one of the two halves of the plane, let the point
be (0, 0) and substitute in the constraint. We note that it achieves the inequality representing the second
constraint, meaning that half of the plane to which this point belongs is half of the solution plane.

To find the optimal solution, we draw the objective function, which is a circle with a point center M(2, 3)
radius r  Nf

From the figure, it is clear that MinNf = 0 the minimum value reached by the objective function is at the
center of the circle, i.e., at the point M(2, 3).

If required, find the maximum value of the function:

Maxf (x1, x2) = (x1– 2)2 + (x2 – 3)2

Within the Restrictions

x1 + 2x2  12 + 
Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache / Int.J.Data.Sci. & Big Data Anal. 3(2) (2023) 66-72 Page 70 of 72

Figure 2: Determination of the Joint Solution Region of Neutrosophic Constraints

x1 + x2  9 + 
x1, x2 0
In this case, we know that the optimal solution is located on the vertices of the common solution region, i.e.
on the vertices of the polygon OADE, we have the coordinates of these points O(0, 0), A(0, [6, 7.5]), E([9, 11], 0)
for the coordinates of the point 57, and we determine it from thestudy of the intersection of the two lines
represented by the following equations:
x1 + 2x2  [12, 15]
x1 + x2  [9, 11]
Solving the two equations, we get D([6, 7], [3, 4]) then we calculate the value of the function at these points
(O(0, 0) ) = (0 – 2)2 + (0 – 3)2 = 13
f(A(0, [6, 7.5] )) = (0 – 2)2 + ([6, 7.5] – 3)2 = 4 + ([3, 4.5] )2 [13, 24.25]
f(E([9, 11], 0 )) = ([9, 11] – 2)2 + (0 – 3)2 = ([7, 9] )2 + 9[58, 90]
f(D([6, 7],[3, 4] )) = ([6, 7] – 2)2 + ([3, 4] – 3)2 [19, 24]
The Maximum value the function takes at point E([9, 11], 0 ) and is R = [58, 90][7.6, 9.5]
Therefore, the optimal solution is a circle centered at point M(2, 3) and whose radius is one of the domain
values [7.6, 9.5].
For clarification, we draw the Figure 2, for one of the values we find:
For the Neutrosophical objective function, it represents a set of circles whose center M(2, 3) and radius are
one of the domain values [7.6, 9.5].
Figure 3 shows one of these circles:
We note that for both sides of the domain in both constraints is the optimal solution f* = Maxf = 68[58, 90],
wear [58, 90], the field that represents the maximum optimal solution of the neutrosophic model.
Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache / Int.J.Data.Sci. & Big Data Anal. 3(2) (2023) 66-72 Page 71 of 72

Figure 3: The Graphical Representation of One of the Solutions of the Example Neutrosophical Values

3. Conclusion
The graphical method is one of the important methods for finding the optimal solution for linear and nonlinear
models. Therefore, it was necessary to present this study, which explains the difference between dealing with
classical values and Neutrosophical values, and as we noticed from the results of the solution in the example,
Neutrosophical values give us optimal solutions that are close to the optimal solution in the case of classical
values, that is, they are in line with the conditions surrounding a work environment The system that this
mathematical model represents, so it provides a safe environment that protects the systems from falling into
losses and making greatest profits from them.

Data Availability
The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to the
privacy-preserving nature of the data but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable
request.

Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in the research.

Ethical Approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the
authors.

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Cite this article as: Maissam Jdid and Florentin Smarandache (2023). Graphical Method for Solving
Neutrosophical Nonlinear Programming Models. International Journal of Data Science and Big Data Analytics,
3(2), 66-72. doi: 10.51483/IJDSBDA.3.2.2023.66-72.