Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY1674

Design and Development of Self Powered Cycle

D.M. Lade1; Ashish Fande2; Sumit Bhawarkar3; Akash Mene4; Savin Surjuse5; Saurabh Kaurati6
1,2,3,4,5,6
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagpur Institute of Technology Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

Abstract:- In the current situation, a hybrid bicycle This introduction sets the stage for a closer exploration
powered by solar and dynamo energy could address the of the self-powered pedal bicycle, delving into the technology
significant issues of rising fuel prices, especially the steady behind its operation, the environmental benefits it presents,
increase in petrol costs. Additionally, vehicle pollution in and the potential impact on urban and rural transportation
metropolitan and urban areas is continually growing. To landscapes. As we navigate through the pages that follow, we
tackle these problems, efforts are being made to research will unravel the layers of innovation that make these bicycles
alternative energy sources for bicycles. For middle-class a compelling solution for the environmentally conscious and
individuals, purchasing fossil fuel vehicles can be those seeking an active, efficient, and sustainable mode of
prohibitively expensive. Considering all these factors, personal transportation.
there is an ongoing search for solutions that cater to
economically disadvantaged people and address II. LITERATURE SURVEY
environmental pollution. The solar and dynamo-assisted
hybrid bicycle is driven by a direct current motor As the use of conventional resources like gasoline and
installed in the front axle housing, operating on electrical diesel grows, it is critical that we transition to alternative
energy. Solar panels mounted on the carriage charge the resources like electric bicycles and other resources in order to
battery, which in turn powers the hub motor. When the identify more efficient modes of transportation. An electric
bicycle is stationary or parked, the solar panel continues bicycle is a modification of the current cycle that uses both
to charge the battery. Additionally, a pair of 48-volt electric and, if solar-powered boards are available, solar-
dynamos fixed on the rear wheel charges the battery as based energy, which adds up to increased energy generation.
the bicycle moves. Given its energy efficiency, electric bicycles are more
affordable and suitable for all budgets. People of all ages can
Keywords:- Bicycle, Self-Powered, Solar Powered Bicycle, use it for shorter separation times. The consistent
Dynamo. development of electric bicycles is vital, primarily because
they do not consume non-renewable energy sources, thereby
I. INTRODUCTION saving significant amounts of foreign currency. Another key
feature is their pollution-free, eco-friendly, and quiet
In an era marked by technological advancements and a operation. A recent study was conducted at the Sam
growing emphasis on sustainable living, the self-powered Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology &
pedal bicycle emerges as a beacon of innovation and Sciences (SHIATS) in Allahabad, India, to evaluate the
ecofriendly transportation. As our world grapples with feasibility of installing solar panels on the rooftops of various
environmental concerns and seeks alternative modes of buildings within the campus. A survey was carried out within
commuting, this ingenious concept seamlessly blends the SHIATS to collect latitude and longitude coordinates for each
simplicity of traditional pedal power with cutting-edge building included in the study. High-resolution imagery from
technology, offering a unique solution to modern mobility Google Earth was used to digitize the rooftops of these
challenges. The self-powered pedal bicycle represents a buildings. Spatially distributed solar radiation maps were
paradigm shift in the way we perceive transportation. Unlike generated for the study area, and data was extracted for each
conventional bicycles that rely solely on human pedaling, building. The potential for installing solar panels on
these innovative two-wheelers incorporate advanced systems SHIATS's buildings was assessed by analyzing the total solar
to harness and store energy, transforming every pedal stroke radiation received by each building. The buildings were then
into a source of power. This synergy of human effort and ranked based on the amount of solar radiation they
technology not only enhances the overall riding experience accumulated.
but also extends the range and versatility of pedal-powered
transportation. As concerns about carbon emissions and From the perspective of future energy systems, it's
environmental sustainability reach a critical juncture, the self- crucial to explore innovative methods for electricity
powered pedal bicycle stands as a symbol of responsible transportation and generation, and solar-powered e-bike
mobility. By eliminating the need for external power sources, pools could be a promising solution. E-bikes are significantly
such as electricity or fuel, these bicycles offer a sustainable more energy-efficient compared to cars, buses, or other heavy
and ecofriendly alternative for short to moderate-distance transport modes. Research indicates that a solar panel with an
commuting. The user becomes both the driver and the power area of 0.2-0.8 m² per e-bike is sufficient to meet the initial
generator, fostering a sense of personal responsibility and energy demands of an e-bike pool, depending on simulated
connection to the environment. system usage (ranging from 3 to 10.8 trips per bike per day).
This required area is well within the maximum available area

IJISRT24MAY1674 www.ijisrt.com 1913

Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY1674

of 3-3.8 m² per e-bike, suggesting that achieving energy self-  Bicycle:

sufficiency on an annual basis is feasible without space In this project we used solar and dynamo:
constraints. Additionally, employing a larger panel area than
0.2-0.8 m² per e-bike in a grid-connected system would result
in net electric energy production. It is advised that systems be
designed with grid connectivity in mind, as off-grid options
would not fully take advantage of solar radiation. It has been
demonstrated that adding a buffer battery to a grid-connected
system can increase its percentage of grid-free time from
roughly 40% to 80% when each E-bike has two meters of
solar panels.

A. Problem Identification

 Cyclists are exposed to the elements, making them

susceptible to adverse weather conditions such as rain,
snow, or extreme temperatures, which can affect comfort
and safety.
 There is no On-Boarding Self Charging System. i.e., Fig 1: Bicycle
Dynamo
 Riding a bicycle requires physical effort, which may not  Solar Panel
be suitable for everyone, especially those with mobility The head line shows that the bicycle is worked by solar
issues or individuals who need to arrive at their energy. Solar PV cells directly convert the energy from the
destination without exertion. sun into Electricity by using photovoltaic effect. The
 In some regions, there may be a lack of dedicated bike photovoltaic effect means the generation of a voltage based
lanes or proper infrastructure, making cycling less on the electrons. Ejected by another light effect called
convenient and safe compared to other modes of Photoelectric effect. Solar cell works on two different kinds
transportation. Maintenance period was very low. of effects, one is Photoelectric and another one is
 In some cultures or communities, there may be a photovoltaic. In photoelectric effect, electrons are emitted
perception that cycling is not a practical or prestigious when photon are subjected on solar panels.
mode of transportation, which can deter individuals from
choosing bicycles as their primary means of travel.
 Bicycles may not be a practical mode of transportation in
sprawling or geographically challenging environments
where long distances need to be covered regularly.
 Bicycles are generally slower than the motorized vehicles.

B. Component Used

 Bicycle
 Solar panel
 Dynamo motor
 Hub motor
 Controller
 Battery

Fig 2: Solar Panel

 Dynamo Motor
A commutator is used by a dynamo, an electrical
generator, to create direct current. The choice of dynamo
depends on the battery and hub motor capacity. We selected
240 volt Dynamos and fixed them to the front wheel of the
bicycle using arc welding since we were using a 36 volt
battery and a 36 volt hub motor.The dynamo's rotor shaft a
fiber teethed wheel that was attached to the front wheel of the
bicycle, creating friction and producing electricity that was
stored in batteries.

IJISRT24MAY1674 www.ijisrt.com 1914

Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY1674

 Battery
The solar and dynamo bicycle are using 36v 350w motor
to run the Cycle, we are required to supply a voltage of 36 V
a rated current of 15.6 A And to make the bicycle run more
efficiently for a long duration of time.

Fig 3: Dynamo Motor

 Hub Motor
The most popular kind of motor is a hub drive motor,
which is built into the back wheel. Although the latter is more
typical, some bicycles even have motors. on actual wheels. A
hub drive functions without relying on your bike's gears to Fig 6: Battery
directly apply torque to the wheel. Bicycle hub motors require
a controller because they cannot run directly on DC power. C. Working
The controller transforms the DC into a three-phase, variable-
frequency AC. This project uses a 36-volt hub motor.  What is Solar and Dynamo Bicycle?
The Solar and Dynamo bicycle which is driven with the
help of battery where the electric power in the battery is
generated from dynamo and solar panels.

 Working Principle:
It works on the principle that the electromotive force of
an A.C. motor which receives electrical energy stored in D.C.
battery is converted with the help of D.C. to A.C. converter.

 Operation:
A solar panel that will be mounted on the bicycle and a
dynamo motor that rotates a wheel provide the initial
electricity for the device. In order to store this electrical power
Fig 4: Hub Motor or energy, direct current must be changed into alternative
current in a battery. Thus, when acceleration is applied, this
 Controller alternate current aids in rotating the sprocket wheel. Bicycles
The primary job of the controller is to process inputs powered by solar and dynamo power can thus be operated.
from every component of the bicycle—such as the throttle,
battery, speed sensor, display, motor, etc.—and output the D. Design Calculation
appropriate signal. Multiple protections are included in the
controller design, including brake, overvoltage, over  Problem Statement
temperature, overcurrent, and low voltage protection. The
project uses a 36-volt controller.  Diameter of wheel [D]= 0.45-meter Speed [V] = 10 km/h
 Weight of bicycle [W1] = 40 kg
 Weight of rider [W2] = 60 kg Total weight W = 100 kg

 Power Calculation

Normal calculation on each tire

N1 = W/2 N= 100/2
N= 50 Kg

Earth gravity act = 9.81

N = 50*9.81
N = 490.5 N

Friction force act on each tire

Fig 5: Controller 𝐹 = 𝑢 ∗ 𝑁1 𝐹 = 0.3 ∗ 490.5 𝐹 = 147.15 𝑁

IJISRT24MAY1674 www.ijisrt.com 1915

Volume 9, Issue 5, May – 2024 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165 https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24MAY1674

 Torque Requirement F. Fabricated Model

𝑇 = 𝐹 ∗ 𝑟 𝑇 = 147.15 ∗ 0.225
T = 33.10 NM

 Speed Calculation

𝑤 = 𝑉/𝑟 𝑤 = 10000/0.225 ∗ 3600 𝑤 = 12.34𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐

𝑁 = 𝑊2 ∗ 𝑤/2 ∗ 3.14
𝑁 = 60 ∗ 12.34/2 ∗ 3.14 𝑁 = 117.82𝑅𝑃𝑀

 Power Requirement

𝑃 = 2 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 𝑁𝑇/60
𝑃 = 2 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 353.7 ∗ 33.10/60 𝑃 = 408 𝑊 Fig 7: Photo with Fabricated Model

Selection of a motor 408 W of power is needed to III. CONCLUSION

operate the bicycle, and the rider is assisted by solar power.
As a result, a 350 W, 48 V standard motor with a lower power  The hybrid bicycle powered by solar and dynamo can be
rating is chosen. an excellent use of renewable energy sources, helping to
cut down on pollution and serving as a helpful tool for
 Battery Choice rural communities without access to adequate electricity.
The battery voltage rating should be 36 V since the  This device can function even in the absence of sunlight
chosen motor is 36 V, and the current rating is determined because it has a backup power source that uses a dynamo.
by 𝑃 = 𝑉 ∗ 𝐼 = 𝐼 = 𝑃/𝑉 = 350/36 = 9.72 𝐴ℎ. As a  Despite the low efficiency of solar cells and their high
result, 36 V 7.0 Ah in series combination is required to obtain cost, it can last for a longer period of time. It is a hybrid
36 V output. of non-polluting and health-maintaining equipment.

 Panel Choice REFERENCES

We make use of two 20 W panels. It takes 40 V to
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