Interna tional Jo urna l o f Applied Research 2021 ; 7 (4 ): 107 -11 2

ISSN Print: 2394-7500

ISSN Online: 2394-5869
Impact Factor: 8.4
A pre experimental study to assess the effectiveness of
IJAR 2021; 7(4): 107-112
www.allresearchjournal.com
planned teaching program regarding essential new
Received: 21-02-2021 born care on knowledge of post natal mothers in
Accepted: 23-03-2021
selected hospital of Durg Chhattisgarh
Sarika Dewangan
Assistant Professor,
Department of Pediatric
Nursing, Government College
Sarika Dewangan
of Nursing, Ambikapur,
Chhattisgarh, India DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/allresearch.2021.v7.i4b.8467

Abstract
Introduction: Essential new born care is most important at birth. New born care is the term given to a
new born baby from the time of birth up to 28 days of life. Its included essential new born care include
immediate basic care of neonate and routine care of neonate. Immediate basic care of newborn of the
newborn at birth included maintenance of temperature, establishment of open airway, initial of
breathing and maintenance of circulation. Daily routine care of neonates include warmth, breast
feeding, skin care, baby bath, care of eye, clothing of baby, general care, observation, weight recording,
immunization, follow up and advice.
Methods research approach: Evaluative research approach. Research design, pre experimental
research design (one group pre text post text design). The conceptual framework based of “conceptual
Framework based on modified system model. The setting for this study was the selected areas of
District hospital Durg, Chhattisgarh. The tools developed which include,
Section 1: Socio demographic data containing sample characteristics would be analyzed using
frequency and percentage.
Section II: Mean median slandered deviation and mean percentage of pre test and post test knowledge
scores would be computed.
Section III: The significant difference between the mean retest and pos t test knowledge score would
be calculated using paired t test.
Section IV: The association between post test knowledge with selected demographic variables would
be determined by the chi- square test.
Tools validity was done and tools found reliable, study found feasible after pilot study.
Result: it has been observed that in this study pretest and posttest design was used. The population for
the present study comprised post natal mothers of seleted hospitals Durg. Total 40 samples were taken.
sample was collected through the use of purposive sampling technique. To ensure reliability of tool
data of the structured knowledge questionnaire was analyzed by split half method and the reliability
coefficient was calculated through using spearman Brown prophecy formula. The reliability co-
efficient of the tool was found to be r= 0.816. Hence the tool was found to be valid, reliable and
feasible.
Section 1: Socio demographic data.
Section II: Assess the level of pre test and post test knowledge on post natal mothers regarding new
born care
Section III: Evaluate effectiveness of planed teaching program by comparing pre and post test
knowledge score.
Section IV: The association between post test knowledge with selected demographic variables.
Conclusion: The study findings showed that there was significant increase in the knowledge of post
natal mothers after giving of planned teaching programme regarding new born care. Hence it was
concluded that planned teaching programme has been an effective method to increase knowledge of
post natal others regarding new born care.
Corresponding Author:
Sarika Dewangan Keywords: Knowledge, effectiveness, new born care, post natal mother
Assistant Professor,
Department of Pediatric Introduction
Nursing, Government College Doing what is best for the baby is our biggest priority.’ New born care is the term given to a
of Nursing, Ambikapur, new born baby from the time of birth up to 28 days of life. Its included essential new born
Chhattisgarh, India care include immediate basic care of neonate and routine care of neonate.
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Immediate basic care of newborn of the newborn at birth these self-structured teaching is used to improve knowledge
included maintenance of temperature, establishment of open among post natal mothers.
airway, initial of breathing and maintenance of circulation.
Daily routine care of neonates include warmth, breast Description of tools
feeding, skin care, baby bath, care of eye, clothing of baby, The self-structured questionnaire is used for the data
general care, observation, weight recording, immunization, collection composed of three parts.
follow up and advice. Parts I: These section deals with socio demographic
Cry after birth is not really the first breath of life because variable consisted of 8 items such as Age, Religion,
around 20weeks of gestation, fetus starts making relatively educational status of mothers, occupational status of
rapid (80 to 120/min) and ineffective respiratory mother’s family monthly income, type of family, parity and
movements. Basic care of normal newborn babies, it is area of antenatal care.
desirable to keep the normal term babies with their mothers Part II: These section consisted of 36 knowledge items
rather than a separate nursery. Rooming –in promotes better covering following content of areas:
emotional rapport between the mothers and baby. The 1. Newborn -5
mothers can participate in the nursing care of her baby. This 2. Immediate care of Newborn -3
infuses self-confidence in her and reduces demands on 3. Daily routine care of newborn - 10
nursing personnel. Cross infection in prevented and breast 4. Breast feeding - 12
feeding is established easily. 5. Hypothermia -3
6. Immunization -3
Research design
In the present study one group pre test and post test design All questions were multiple choice question type and having
was contended appropriate to assess the effectiveness of only one correct answer and correct answer carries a score
planned teaching Programme on knowledge of post natal of one mark and wrong answer scores zero.
mothers regarding essential new born care.
Validity
Research setting The tools and content were given to experts. Based on the
The present study was conducted in District hospital Durg suggestions given by the evaluators. After considering the
Chhattisgarh. experts suggestions and modification, the tools was
finalized.
Population
The present study target population comprises the post natal Reliability of the tool
mothers at District hospital Durg in Chhattisgarh. In order to establish the reliability of the tools it was
administered to 6 postnatal mothers in District hospital, the
Sample split half method was used to test the reliability of tools.
In the present study the samples are post natal mothers, Knowledge questionnaires was calculated by used Karl
admitted in selected District hospital Durg. Pearson`s co-relation co-efficient formula, the value was r=
0.816 knowledge questionnaire was found to be reliable.
Sample size The tool was found to be statistically reliable for the present
The total sample is 40 post natal mothers in selected District study.
hospital Durg.
Ethical consideration
Sample technique  The research problem and objectives were approved by
Purposive sampling technique was used for selecting 40 post the research committee.
natal mothers were taken for the study.  Due permission from authority was sought and
obtained.
Criteria for selection of sample  Informed written consent was taken from the
Inclusion Criteria participants,
 Post natal mothers (Durg District hospital)  Anonymity of the participants was ensured.
 Who are willing to participate in this study?  Confidential of the data was maintained.

Exclusion Criteria Plan for data collection

 Post natal mothers who are not willing to participate are Analysis of the data was done in accordance with objectives.
excluded from the study. It was done by using the descriptive & inferential statistics
 Who are not co-operative to the study? i.e.; calculating %, mean score, mean percentage, standard
deviation, co-relation coefficient test used to identify the
Development of tools significant association of post natal mothers regarding
The tool was constructed to assess knowledge among post essential new born care with selected variables & pie & bar
natal mothers regarding essential new born care. Since there diagram were used to depict the findings.
were no standardized tools available, extensive review of
literature i.e.; books, journals, articles, experts’ opinion & Section 1: Socio demographic data containing sample
the investigators professional experience with questionnaire characteristics would be analyzed using frequency and
on the essential new born care provided the basis for the percentage.
construction of the structured teaching, questionnaire and

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Section II: Mean median slandered deviation and mean Hence it is concluded that maximum number of post natal
percentage of pre test and post test knowledge scores would mothers belong to the age group 20-24years, lives in nuclear
be computed. family and most of them Hindus. Majority of post natal
mothers education was completed primary/ middle school
Section III: The significant difference between the mean and monthly family income of postnatal mother is 5001-
pretest and post test knowledge score would be calculated 8001/Rs. Most of them house wife and primi para and most
using paired t test. of them taken primary health care.

Section IV: The association between post test knowledge Section II: To assess the pre-test and post test knowledge
with selected demographic variables would be determined of post natal mothers regarding essential new born care.
by the chi- square test. H1 the mean post test knowledge score of post natal mothers
regarding essential newborn care in greater than the mean
Pilot study pre test knowledge score at p<0.05.
Pilot study was conducted from 7th January 2012 in Distic Ho there will be no different between pre test and post test
hospital Durg, Chhattisgarh. To ensure validity and knowledge score of post natal mothers regarding essential
reliability of the tools. It will be administered on 6 post natal new born care at p>0.005 level of knowledge
mothers who are in the selection criteria. Following steps questionnaires.
were adopted from the study.
 Formal written permission from civil surgeon, District Table 1: Each area wise pretest and posttest percentage of post
hospital Durg.(C.G.) natal mothers, knowledge on essential newborn care
 6 subjects were selected by purposive sampling. Min Pretest Posttest
 Consent taken from the subjects. A self- structured Knowledge No. Of
–Max
questionnaire was administered. related to questions Mean± SD % Mean± SD %
score
 On an average, time taken by subject for completing the New born 5 0 -5 2.55±1.28 51.0% 4.25±0.87 85.0%
questionnaire was in ½ an hour. Immediate
3 0 -3 1.68±0.76 56.0% 2.23±0.62 74.3%
basic care
Data analysis & interpretation Daily routine
10 0 -10 4.55±2.34 45.5% 8.25±1.15 82.5%
Socio demographic data containing sample characteristics care
would be analyzed using frequency and percentage. Mean Breast
12 0 -12 4.88±2.78 40.7% 9.50±1.22 79.2%
feeding
median slandered deviation and mean percentage of pre test
Hypothermia 3 0 -4 1.45±0.88 48.3% 2.48±0.55 82.7%
and post test knowledge scores would be computed. The Immunization 3 0 -3 1.60±0.74 53.3% 2.42±0.55 80.7%
significant difference between the mean retest and post test Overall 36 0 -36 16.70±4.79 46.4% 29.13±2.00 80.9%
knowledge score would be calculated using paired t test.
The association between post test knowledge with selected Postnatal mothers pretest and post test percentage of
demographic variables would be determined by the chi- knowledge on essential newborn care. In pre test they are
square test. having maximum knowledge in immediate basic care (56%)
and minimum knowledge in Breast feeding (40.7%), on an
Section I: Distribution of subjects according to average they are having 46.4% of knowledge in newborn
demographic variable. daily routine care, hypothermia and immunization. In post
Age distribution of post natal mothers that maximum test they are having maximum knowledge in new born
number (50%) belong to the age of 20-24 year and (85.0%) and minimum knowledge in Immediate basic care
(30%)belong to the age of 25-28year and minimum number (74.3%), On an average they are having 80.9% of
(20%) belong to the age of 30-34years. The maximum knowledge in daily routine care, breast feeding, breast
number (67.5%) belong to the Hindu and (17.5%) were feeding, hypothermia and immunization.
Christian and Muslim. The maximum (57.5%) of subject Hence it is concluded that in pre test, post natal mothers
were nuclear family and (42.5%) were live in joint family. having maximum knowledge in area of immediate care of
Maximum(47.5%) belong to educational status of mothers essential new born care and in post test, post test mothers
were primary/ middle school and (37.5%) belong to high having maximum knowledge in area of new born
school, high secondary and minimum number (7.5%) belong
to illiterate and graduate. The Maximum number (65%) Section III: To compare the pre-test and post test
belong to post natal mothers are house wife and (27.5%) knowledge of post natal mothers regarding essential new
were private employee. The maximum number (37.5%) born care.
belong to monthly family income of 5001-8000Rs/ and H1 the mean post test knowledge score of post natal mothers
(30%) were <5000 and 8001 -10.000Rs/ and minimum regarding essential newborn care in greater than the mean
number (7.5%) belong to >10.000 Rs/.According to birth pre test knowledge score at p>0.05.
order (52.5%) mothers of primi para and (47.5%) were Ho there will be no different between pre test and post test
mother of multi para. The Maximum (40%) type of knowledge score of post natal mothers regarding essential
antenatal care are primary health care and (25%) are new born care at p>0.005 level of knowledge
community health care, private doctor and (10%) of no questionnaires.
antenatal care

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Table 2: Comparison of each area wise knowledge score

Knowledge Pretest Posttest Student’s paired t-test
New born 2.55±1.28 4.25±0.87 T=7.22 P=0.001*** DF= 39 significant
Immediate basic care 1.68±0.76 2.23±0.62 T=4.64 P=0.001*** DF= 39 significant
Daily routine care 4.55±2.34 8.25±1.15 T=10.32 P=0.001*** DF= 39 significant
Breast feeding 4.88±2.78 9.50±1.22 T=9.26 P=0.001*** DF= 39 significant
Hypothermia 1.45±0.88 2.48±0.55 T=6.32 P=0.001*** DF= 39 significant
Immunization 1.60±0.74 2.42±0.55 T=6.68 P=0.001*** DF= 39 significant
* Significant at P≤0.05 ** highly significant at P≤0.01 *** very high significant at P≤0.001

New born, in pretest, postnatal mothers are having 2.55 Table 3: Comparison of overall knowledge score
knowledge score and after planned teaching programme No. Of mothers Mean ± SD Student’s paired t-test
they are having 4.25 knowledge score. The difference is1.70 Pretest 40 16.70±4.79 T=17.75 P=0.001***
score. It is a large difference. Immediate basic care, In Posttest 40 29.13±2.00 DF=39, significant
pretest, postnatal mothers are having 1.68knowledge score * significant at P≤0.05 ** highly significant at P≤0.01 *** very
and after planned teaching programme they are having 2.23 high significant at P≤0.001
knowledge score. The difference is 0.55 score. Daily routine
care, in pretest, postnatal mothers are having 4.55 The comparison of pre-test knowledge score with post- test
knowledge score and after planned teaching programme knowledge mean score. There was significant difference
they are having 8.25 knowledge score. The difference is between pre-test and post-test knowledge mean score. In
3.70 score. Breast feeding in pretest, postnatal mothers are pretest, post natal mothers are having 16.70 score and in
having 4.88 knowledge score and after planned teaching post test, post natal mothers are having 29.13 score.
programme they are having 9.50 knowledge score. The Difference is 12.43 score. The difference between pretest
difference is 4.63score. Hypothermia In pretest, postnatal and posttest knowledge score is large and it is statistically
mothers are having 1.45 knowledge score and after planned significant. Differences between pretest and posttest score
teaching programme they are having 2.48 knowledge score. was analyzed using paired t-test. These result indicates that
The difference is 1.03 score. Immunization In pretest, post-test knowledge mean score was higher than the pre-test
postnatal mothers are having 1.60 knowledge score and after knowledge mean score at p0.05levels.
planned teaching programme they are having Hence, the null hypothesis which states that there will be no
2.42knowledge score. The difference is 0.82 score. There significant difference between pre-test and post test
are a large difference. This difference is statistically knowledge mean score at p0.05levels is rejected and
significant. Statistical significance was calculated by using alternative hypothesis is accepted.
student’s paired ‘t’ test. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme
Hence it is concluded that post natal mothers having more regarding essential new born care.
knowledge after giving planned teaching programme in all
to care of new born.

Table 4: Effectiveness of planned teaching progrmme

Min –Ma x Score Mean Knowledge Score % of Knowledge Score % of Knowledge gain
Pretest 0 -36 16.70 46.4%
34.5%
Posttest 0 -36 29.13 80.9%

The effectiveness of the planned teaching programme. post natal mothers0.01 (p=0.89) at 5% level of significant,
Considering the overall aspects, parents are gained 34.5 which shows not significant association with post natal
percent more knowledge after the administration of planned mothers. The calculated value of chi square for educational
teaching programme. status of post natal mothers 6.12(p=0.05) at 5% level of
Hence it is concluded 33.5percent of knowledge gain is the significant, which shows significant association with
benefit of this study, which indicates the effectiveness of knowledge level. The calculated value of chi square for
planned teaching programme. occupational status of post natal mothers 0.32(p=0.85) at 5%
level of significant, which shows not significant association
Section IV: To associate post test knowledge of post natal with knowledge level. Calculated value of chi square for
mothers with selected demographic variables. family monthly income of post natal mothers 1.10(p=0.78)
The association between post test knowledge with at 5% level of significant, which shows not significant
demographic variables such as – age, religion, type of association with knowledge level. As per parity of post natal
family, educational status of mothers, monthly family mothers chi square value is 1.38(p=0.24) at 5% level of
income, parity and area of ante natal care. The significance significant, there was not significant association with
of the association between them was analyzed by the chi- knowledge level. As per area of antenatal care chi square
square test. The calculated value of chi square for age of value is 7.38(p=0.02) at 5% level of significant, there was
post natal mothers 7.21(p=0.02) which shows significant significant association between the area of antenatal care
association with knowledge level. The calculated value of and knowledge level.
chi square for religion of post natal mothers 0.57(p=.75) Hence it is concluded that there was significant association
which shows not significant association with knowledge between knowledge score with age, educational status of
level. Calculated value of chi square for type of family of mothers and area of ante natal care.

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Conclusion I express my sincere thanks to my co-guide Madam Mrs.

On the basis of findings of the study following conclusion Chandrakala Verma Lecturer (child health nursing) Shreyas
were drawn. college of Nursing Bhilai, for her expert guidance, constant
 The pre test knowledge score of the post natal mothers encouragement and necessary help for conducting the study.
revealed that there was knowledge deficit regarding My special gratitude to Madam Ms. Jyoti Thakur, Reader
essential new born care. cum vice Principal, Shrayas College of nursing, Bhilai for
 The planned teaching programme was effective in her enlightening guidance. I would like to thanks Mrs.
enhancing the knowledge of post natal mothers Snigdha Tiwari and Mr. Sahu. Labrarion Shreyas college of
regarding essential new born care. Nursing Bhilai for extending assitanc in literature review. I
 Paired “t” test revealed that the pre test and post test express my thanks to Sir A. Venkiteshvar, statistician for
knowledge score of post natal mothers was significant guiding me with statistical analysis.
higher (t= p=0.001). I express my sincere thanks to Sir Prashant shrivastava, civil
 There was significant association between the age and surgeon of district Hospital Durg (C.G) for his instant
area of ante natal care of post test knowledge score and support and permission to conduct the study.
demographic variables. My sincere and whole hearted thanks to all the experts for
the encouragement, support and valuable suggestions for the
Limitations tool validation. My heartfelt gratitude to Mrs. Seema
1. The study lacks randomization due to limited time, Chawla (M.A English) for expert editing of the study. I am
purposive sampling was done from selected area in highly obliged to the teaching and office staff as well as my
District Hospital Durg (C.G) which restricts the classmates who always co-operated unconditionally and
generalization of the study. motivated me for this task. My sincere thanks to Mr.
2. The size of the sample studied was only 40 post natal Devendra Sahu for helping with the writing of the study. I
mothers hence it was difficult to make broad express my special gratitude towards my parents for their
organization. constant love and affection during my struggles and pain to
3. The time span of the study was short. accomplish this task. I sincere thanks to all my colleagues,
4. This study is limited to those who are willing to friends and well-wishers for their good wishes for this study.
participate in the study. Finally I would like to thank all the participants who made
5. The structured knowledge questionnaire was developed this study possible. Above all I owe my efforts and success
as no standardized tool was available. to almighty God for his abiding grace, which made this
possible.
Recommendations
1. This study can be replicated on a large sample there by References
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