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Gayatri Public School: Topic

The document discusses refrigerators including their history, importance, types, energy efficiency, impact, and temperature zones. It provides details on Fred W. Wolf who obtained rights to manufacture refrigeration systems and describes top freezer, french door, side by side, and other refrigerator types. It also discusses how refrigerators have largely replaced the ice trade industry.

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20 views

Gayatri Public School: Topic

The document discusses refrigerators including their history, importance, types, energy efficiency, impact, and temperature zones. It provides details on Fred W. Wolf who obtained rights to manufacture refrigeration systems and describes top freezer, french door, side by side, and other refrigerator types. It also discusses how refrigerators have largely replaced the ice trade industry.

Uploaded by

yadavji703799
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

GAYATRI PUBLIC

SCHOOL
2024-2025

TOPIC
“Refrigerator”
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
Krishna Yadav Mrs. Priti Kulshrestha
(PGT CHEMISTRY)
Class Section Roll No.
XII D 19

ACKNOWLEDGEM
ENT
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my Physics Teacher
“Mrs. Priti Kulshrestha” who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic-
“Refigerator”.

Secondly, I would like to thank my


parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited
time-frame.
Lastly, I like to thank all my supporters
who have motivated to fulfil their project
before the time line.
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Krishna Yadav of class


XII-D has successfully completed their
English project on “Refigerator” under the
guidance of “Mrs. Priti Kulshrestha”.

________________ _____________
Mrs. Priti Kulshrestha Krishna Yadav
Index

 Refrigerator
 Importance of refrigerator
 Fred W. Wolf
 Types of refrigerator
 Energy efficiency
 Impact of refrigerator
 Temperature zones and ratings
 Bibliography
Refrigerator

A refrigerator, colloquially fridge, is a


commercial and home appliance
consisting of a thermally insulated
compartment and a heat pump
(mechanical, electronic or chemical) that
transfers heat from its inside to its
external environment so that its inside is
cooled to a temperature below the room
temperature.
Importance of refrigerator

It has been proven that refrigeration of


food at an optimum temperature plays a
fundamental role in maintaining food
safety. In many cases it is necessary to
control and maintain the storage
temperature, which will be different for
each type of product.
In addition, if we lower the storage
temperature of perishable foods, we will
be able to significantly reduce the
reproduction speed of the vast majority
of microorganisms.

Fred W. Wolf
Fred Wolf Jr. was born in Chicago, son of
Fred W. Wolf who was a refrigeration
engineer and architect specializing in
brewery construction. Wolf Sr. obtained
rights to manufacture and sell the Linde
ammonia refrigeration system in the
United States in 1878.
Types of refrigerator

 Top or bottom freezer


 French door
 Side-by-side
 Undercounter
 Quad door refrigerators
 Counter-depth-model
Energy efficiency
In a house without air-conditioning (space
heating and/or cooling) refrigerators
consumed more energy than any other
home device.[29] In the early 1990s a
competition was held among the major
manufacturers to encourage energy
efficiency.[30] Current US models that are
Energy Star qualified use 50% less energy
than the average models made in 1974.[31]
The most energy-efficient unit made in the
US consumes about half a kilowatt-hour per
day (equivalent to 20 W continuously).[32]
But even ordinary units are quite efficient;
some smaller units use less than 0.2 kWh
per day (equivalent to 8 W continuously).
Larger units, especially those with large
freezers and icemakers, may use as much as
4 kW·h per day (equivalent to 170 W
continuously). The European Union uses a
letter-based mandatory energy efficiency
rating label instead of the Energy Star; thus
EU refrigerators at the point of sale are
labelled according to how energy-efficient
they are.
Impact of refrigerator

 Global adoption
After consumer refrigerators became
financially viable for production and sale on
a large scale, their prevalence around the
globe expanded greatly. In the United
States an estimated 99.5% of households
have a refrigerator.Refrigerator ownership
is more common in developed western
countries but has growing popularity in
eastern and developing countries.
 Supplantation of the Ice Trade
The Ice Trade was a industry in the 19th and
20th century of the harvesting,
transportation, and sale of natural and
artificial ice for the purposes of
refrigeration and consumption. The
majority of the ice used for trade was
harvested from North America and
transported globally with some smaller
operations working out of Norway.With the
introduction of more affordable large and
home scale refrigeration around the 1920's,
the need for large scale ice harvest and
transportation was no longer needed, and
the Ice Trade subsequently slowed and
shrank to smaller scale local services or
disappeared altogether.
Temperature zones and
ratings

 Residential units
The capacity of a refrigerator is measured in
either liters or cubic feet. Typically the
volume of a combined refrigerator-freezer
is split with 1/3rds to 1/4th of the volume
allocated to the freezer although these
values are highly variable.
Temperature settings for refrigerator and
freezer compartments are often given
arbitrary numbers by manufacturers (for
example, 1 through 9, warmest to coldest),
but generally 3 to 5 °C (37 to 41 °F)is ideal
for the refrigerator compartment and −18
°C (0 °F) for the freezer. Some refrigerators
must be within certain external
temperature parameters to run properly.
This can be an issue when placing units in
an unfinished area, such as a garage.
Some refrigerators are now divided into
four zones to store different types of food:
 −18 °C (0 °F) (freezer)
 0 °C (32 °F) (meat zone)
 5 °C (41 °F) (cooling zone)
 10 °C (50 °F) (crisper)

BIBLIOGRAphy
 www.google.com
 www.biocab.com
 www.ophysics.com
 www.futurity.org
 www.thoughtco.com
 www.javalab.com
 www.toppr.com

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