RESCUE AND RECOVERY

1. State the comprehensive classification of rescue apparatus.

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2. Explain the constructional details of proto mark IV with a neat sketch.

Answer:

1. A light alloy cylinder of 2 lits capacity, containg300 lits.of oxygen compressed to 150 Kg/cm2. It is
fitted with main valve and pressure gauge valve, a by-pass valve, a reducing valve. The main valve is
the cylinder closing/opening valve which is kept open by a locking device when the apparatus is in
use. The reducing valve reduces the pressure of the oxygen supplied to the wearer and ensures 2Lit. of
oxygen per minute. The by-pass valve is manually operated by the wearer if the reducing valve fails or
when the wearer needs more oxygen than that supplied by the reducing valve . The pressure gauge valve
admits high pressure oxygen to the pressure gauge.
2. Breathing bag made of vulcanized rubber and divided into two compartments by a partition except at
the bottom end. The bag containing 2Kg. of CO2 absorbant known as prtosorb. It is a mixture of
calcium hydroxide and coustic soda and it keeps the percentage of CO2 in the breathing circuit below 2%.
The wearer breathes from and into the bag which serves as an air reservoir.
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3. A cooling chamber of copper containing sodium phosphate which is in crystal from the ordinary
temperature but liquefies at 35ºC absorbing much heat in the process.
4. Inhalation valve, exhalation valve and relief valve. The relief valve allows the escape of any oxygen in
excess of the wearer's requirement.
5. Nose clip, mouthpiece, inhalation and exhalation tubes. Weight of sodium phosphate is 170 grms
The apparatus is designed for a 2 hours use. Breathing is through the mouth and the nasal passages
are closed by a special nose clip. After donning the apparatus the wearer has to take a few breaths of pure
oxygen and flush ou the nitrogen from his respiratory system. In actual use the exhaled air passes over
the protosorb which removes the CO2. On inhalation tube to the lungs. On exhalation the air asses
through the exhalation valve to the breathing bag for further regeneration.
The apparatus is so designed that when worn, the oxygen cylinder remains on the back and the
breathing bag and cooling unit on the front of the wearer. Weight of the apparatus when fully charge is
15.6 Kg.
Wearer of proto apparatus mark IV cannot speak and the communication among brigade members is
by pre-decided audible signals.

3. Explain the special features of Drager self-contained breathing apparatus BG 174.

Answer:
What are the special features of the apparatus of Drager self-contained breathing apparatus BG
174
1. When the cylinder valve is opened the breathing bag is automatically flushed with an inrush of 7 lits.
of Oxygen. Thus it is not necessary to evacuate any nitrogen from the apparatus by breathing from it.
2. A warning whistle is fitted in the inhalation passage below the inhalation valve. It is controlled by the
pressure in the oxygen line which leads from the pressure reducer to the lung demand valve. It gives a
warning if the apparatus is used with the cylinder valve closed or if the cylinder is empty.
3. In addition to the lung demand valve which operates automatically in case of higher oxygen demand
( in excess of 1.5 lit. /min) there is a manually operated by-pass valve for by-passing the pressure reducer
and admit more oxygen to the circuit.
4. A rechargeable soda-lime cartridge can be used for training purposes.
5. The pressure reducer reduces the oxygen pressure to a tolerable working pressure 4 kg/cm.
6. The breathing bag is protected on all sides
7. A face mask for wide vision (panorama Nova mask) can be used instead of the gas tight protective
goggles with triplex safety glasses.
8. Any excess pressure arising in the circuit in case of low oxygen consumption is eliminated through the
automatic relief valve.

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4. Sketch and explain drager self contained breathing apparatus BG 174.

Answer:

az

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Drager self contained breathing apparatus is compressed oxygen type, with closed circuit for the inhaled
and exhaled air, rendering the wearer self dependent in an atmosphere of toxic and poisonous gases,
whatever their percentage.
Compared to proto apparatus of 2-hr duration the drager apparatus midel-174 is light, wighing only
12.8 kg. when fully charged with compressed air, and it has duration of 4 hrs. The compressed O2 is held
in an alloy cylinder at 200 kg/cm2. Capacity of the breathing bas is approximately 6 lts. The constant
feed rate from the apparatus is 1.5 Lit/min. and a lung-governed valve automatically adjusts the oxygen
feed to the wearer's requirement over and above the 1.5 lit/min
The apparatus is therefore completly automatic and the breathing air is controlled by the respiatory
valves. The exaled air containing carbon dioxide and excess oxygen flows through the exhalation tube,
exhalatin valve into the crbon dioxide absorption cansister where it is freed from carbon dioxide. The air
thus purified then flows into the breathing baf and , on inhalation, is drawn from the breathing bag and on
inhalation, is drawn from the breathing bag into the lung demand valve housing where it gets enriched
with oxygen and then flows through the inhalation tube into the wearer,s lungs. Excessive pressure
build-up is prevented by the automatic relief valve. Additinonal oxygen, if needed, is provided by the
lung demand valve.

5. Explain the AUER SAR 30 breathing apparatus with neat sketch.

Answer:

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The principle design and the air flow

[exhalation (a) / inhalation (b)] are
illustrated in the schematics on the
right hand side. The main components
of the appa- ratus are:
1. Carrying container
 Cover (1) with gasket, closing latch
 Lower container (13) with
eyelets for shoulder strap

1. Breathing connection

 Full face mask (2) with speech

diaphragm (4) and breathing tube
with heat exchanger
1 (5)Chemical canister and
breathing bag

 Neck strap (3)

 Warning signal (6) and actuator pin
 Breathing bag with protection (1
0) and waist belt (12)
 Surplus valve (11)
 Canister cover (7)
 KO2 - canister (9) with heat
exchanger II (5) and quick
starter with automatic release (8).

The AUER SAR 30 consists of the full face mask with speech diaphragm, the breathing hose, the
breathing bag with vent valve, the KO2 canister with quick start system, the canister cover with neck
strap and waist belt and the electronic warning signal system. The ready to use SAR-30 is contained
in robust non-corrosive steel case which is sealed.
The oxygen needed for breathing is produced by potassium superoxide which is contained in the
canister. It consists of coarse granules. Oxygen is liberated by to chemical reaction of moisture
( water vapor contained in the exhaled air) with the KO2. In addition to this, a second reaction takes
place between potassium hydroxide which is the product of the potassium superoxide and water, and
the carbon dioxide of the exhaled breath to combine and retain CO2
The equations governing the working of a self rescue breathing apparatus where KO2 is used as
follows.
Oxygen generator
2KO2 + H2O → 2KOH + 3/2 O2
2KO2 + CO2 → K2CO3 + 3/2 O2
Carbon dioxide remover
2KOH + CO2 → K2CO3 + H2O

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KOH + CO2 → KHCO3
The chemical reactions are self regulating: they respond to the quantity of CO2 or humidity available
and thus make the device demand sensitive. The harder the user woks, the more oxygen is generated
and the more CO2 is removed. The KO2 liberates oxygen at a rate slightly faster than it can be
consumed by the wearer : thus adequate oxygen supply regardless of work rate is ensured. The
oxygen produced by the chemical is inhaled through the breathing bag which also serves as breathing
air reservoir. The quick-start system covers the immediate oxygen requirements of the user until the
chemical of the canister becomes activated by the exhaled air.
Donning the face mask activities automatically the warning signal system, which releases after
approximately 20 min. a visual and audible retreat warning signal. This signal lasts for approx. 10
min. and reminds the wearer to leave the contaminated area. The chemical canister is easy to
exchange without special tools. The canister serves as carrying appliance, heat insulating cover and
shock protector. Arranged between breathing bag and breathing tube is the heat exchanger which
cools the air heated up by the chemical reaction. In addition a filter prevents the inhalation of dust
particles which may come from the chemical.

6. Describe the gas mask with a neat sketch.

Answer:
This is an apparatus used by the wearer to protect himself from poisonous atmosphere containing
mainly CO and also other toxic gasses in small percentages. It is essential that the atmosphere
should contain sufficient oxygen to support life and should not contain more than 2% of CO. If an
atmosphere contains more than 2% of CO, it is likely that it will not contain sufficient oxygen to
support life or combustion of a flame safety lamp. It should also remembered that when the CO % is
nearly approaching 2, it is an indication that the fire in an advanced stage, making the place
unbearably hot for workers gas mask is not dependent on other for respiration or air supply. A gas
mask weighs only 4 kg and it can be easily worn by an untrained person after few minutes
instructions. A wearer can use canister for a service period of nearly 1-2 hrs.
The Gas Mask consists of :
I. a metal containing layers of the following filters and granular absorbents.
a) Anhydrous calcium chloride as a drier to remove water vapor. This is usually the top-most layer.
b) Hopcalite: It acts as a catalyst which changes CO to CO2. It also absorbs organic vapors
c) Cotton wool to remove dust and smoke
d) Silica gel to remove ammonia and water vapor
e) Caustic (caustic soda and pumice) to remove sulphurated hydrogen.
f) Impregnated activated charcoal to remove organic vapors and the acidic gases. This is the
bottom-most layer
The metal canister is fitted with an inlet valve and the atmospheric air, as it is inhaled, passes
through an opening at the bottom of the canister through different layers mentioned above. The air must
be well dried before it comes into contact with the hopcalite so that the later is not affected by moisture
and remains in granular from. Hopcalite ceases to be an effective catalyst when it becomes powder or
undergoes hydration.
g) A face piece fitted with eyepiece and an exhalation valve and connected to the canister by a
corrugated hose pipe. Wide vision face mask is also available in place to the face piece with twin
eyepieces.
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7.Describe self rescuer with a neat sketch.

Answer:

A self rescuer is essentially a gas mask in a simplified form which out the corrugated hose tubing and the
mouthpiece is attached directly to the canister. Its weight is low nearly 1 kg. The wearer is protected
against CO if it does not exceed 2% by volume in the air to be inhaled, if the oxygen is sufficient to
support life and if the air does not contain other toxic gases and vapor. The self rescuer does not supply
oxygen but functions to convert carbon monoxide a highly toxic gas, into carbon dioxide, a non toxic gas.
The main purpose of self rescuer is to enable the wearer to escape through an atmosphere having toxic
gases.
The above figure shows the constructional features of self rescuer. The drying agent is charcoal
impregnated with a mixture of calcium bromide and lithium chloride ( 53% CaBr2 and 5% LiCl). The
CO catalyst is hopcalite effects the conversion of CO to CO2 which is accompanied by generation of heat
of reaction. The filter section has an outer coarse-dust filter and an inner fine-dust filter to remove dust
articles. The filter materials are separated by screens and baffles. The self rescuer is placed in a
container is one kg. The self rescuer can be used for one hour after its seal is broken in atmosphere of 1%
CO and the actual filter canister has to be replaced before re-use, but the manufactures recommend that
the self rescuer should be discarded after one use only.
8.Explain the rescue organization at mines.

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Answer:

Mining laws in developed countries require trained, equipped mine rescue personnel to be available at all
mining operations at surface and underground mining operations. Mine rescue teams must know the
procedures used to rescue miners trapped by various hazards, including fire, explosions, cave-ins,
toxic gas,smoke inhalation, and water entering the mine. Most mine rescue teams are composed of miners
who know the mine and are familiar with the mine machinery they may encounter during the rescue, the
layout of workings and geological conditions and working practices. Local and state governments may
have teams on call ready to respond to mine accidents.
Every mine must maintain and organize a sufficient number of volunteer rescue trained men with
training in all types of possible emergencies depending on the size and hazardous character of the
mine. The rescue men may be trained to cooperate with the permanent rescue corps of the rescue station
to which the mine is affiliated on the basis of the knowledge of the mine, or organized in two or more
rescue brigades which will be supplemented by the permanent rescue corps of the rescue station when an
emergency arises. Every mine should have a formal joint scheme of mutual assistance with neighboring
mines whose advice, rescue teams, and rescue equipment can be drawn upon in willing cooperation when
coping with underground emergencies.
In India, the superintendent of the rescue station with in whose jurisdiction the men falls shall
perform such rescue and recovery work as may be assigned to him by the manager of the mine or in his
absence the principal official on duty.
To maintain the rescue organization at peak efficiency, periodic underground drills and refresher
training courses should be conducted for all its members according to a definite schedule which may be
prescribed.
All the members of the mine rescue team should be distributed, as far as practicable, equally over the
different shifts on their normal duties. They should be easily indentified at all times and should leave
their working places for their pre-planned destinations immediately after a mine rescue notification alarm
or warning.
All personnel of the rescue organization of a mine should live at a distance nor greater than 4 km
from the mine as practicable and be provided with communication and transport facilities.
9. Describe the rescue operation in the event of an explosion in the mine.

Answer:
1. Instruction should be a)given immediately to inform the rescue room for necessary assistance: b) to
summon rescue trained persons employed in the mine: c) to inform the nearby mines to make available
the services of rescue trained persons employed their in if so required. d) to inform the rescue station
about the nature of occurrence , stating whether the assistance would be needed from the rescue station. e)
to summon medical assistance. f) to send information of the occurrence to the Joint Director of Mines
Safety, and g) to inform the workmen’s representative. At the same time the responsible officials should
be instructed to carry out examinations of the ventilating and winding plants.
2. The supply of electricity should be cut-off from the district without delay.
3. All the pre-arranged plans be set in motion. All members of the colliery staff must be summoned to
proceed at once to their allotted stations.
4. An advisory council should be established under the control of the manager. A control room should be
setup at the surface and placed in charge of a responsible officer.
5. The condition of the air current in the shafts should be tested by small birds or carbon monoxide
detectors and safety lamps or methanometers for the presence of carbon monoxide and firedamp. If
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there is no evidence of a fire, the ventilation should be restored without delay, and arrangements made for
exploring the district.
6. An underground advance base must be established in fresh air, as near to the irrespirable zone as safety
permits and connected by telephone to the surface control room, At the base, there must be always a
spare team fully equipped and ready for service.
7. Clear and concise reports on the situation disclosed by the exploring rescue teams must be transmitted
to the surface control room from the advance base so that further operations can be efficiently planned.
8. Written instruction, and a plan of the district, should be given to the leader of each rescue team, stating
where he must go and must attempt to do. This might be locate and recover missing persons, or with a
known or suspected fire, or merely to explore for a give distance and make a report on what he has
found. If possible. a rescue man familiar with the district should be included in each team.
9. The route taken by the team must be marked in chalk, or lifeline must be used in from the base.
10. The first duty of the rescue team is to search for possible survivors. If one survivor is found he
should be carried out to the base via the shortest and safest route. If possible, he should be supplied with
oxygen on the way by means of reviving apparatus. At the base, artificial respiration should be applied
and emergency medical treatment given.
11. If number of survivors are found, an urgent report as to their number, location and condition should
be sent o the fresh air base as quickly as possible so that necessary steps may be taken to dispatch further
team in bye with sufficient suitable apparatus to complete the rescue with all speed.
12. Where rescue of survivors is not involved, the main task of the rescue team will be to restore the
ventilation section by section and to the most urgent repairs.
13. If any fires are discovered as exploring proceeds they should be attended without delay, in way likely
to assist in the recovery of survivors of the explosion

10. Define the term "Respiratory Quotient"

Answer.
Respiratory Quotient is define as the ratio of CO2 released to the O2 consumed during respiration process
11. What is the primary object of rescue apparatus
Answer.
Mines rescue apparatus primarily provides protection to human breathing system against poisonous and
irrespirable gases.A rescue apparatus worn to provide breathable air in environments with oxygen
deficiency, smoke, dangerous gases, and other airborne contaminants that may be otherwise dangerous to
breathe. Workers handling hazardous materials or operating in contaminated zones are typically required
to wear a rescue apparatus.
12. List the filter type rescue apparatus used in mines.
Answer.
They are: 1. Dust masks 2. Gas masks 3. Filter Self-rescuers
13 State the purpose of reducing valve in SCBA.
Answer.
A pressure reducing valve to reduce the pressure of the oxygen contained in the cylinder and allow it to
be supplied to the wearer at a fixed rate and at a pressure slightly higher than the atmospheric.the
reducing valves usually operate with spring -loaded rubber diaphragms.
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13. State the purpose of bypass valve in SCBA operatatus
Answer.
A bypass valve to supply oxygen direct to the wearer should the reducing valve or the lung -governed
admission valve through any case fail to act properly
14. State the purpose of Relief valve in SCBA.
Answer.
A relief or excess pressure valve to release any excess pressure and to avoid accumulation of nitrogen in
the respiraratory system in the event of the oxygen contained in the cylinder not being perfectly pure.
15. List the types of self contained breathing apparatus
Answer.
There are two types of self contained breathing apparatus 1. Closed-circuit appartus 2. Open-circuit
apparatus
16. List the types of self contained breathing apparatus based on the source of oxygen supply
Answer.
1. Compressed-oxygen apparatus 2. Self-generating or chemical oxygen apparatus 3.Liquid-oxygen
17. State the name and chemical composition of CO2 absorbent used in proto mark IV rescue
apparatus.
Answer.
Its absorbent (tradename Protosorb) was loose in the bottom of the breathing .It is the mixture of calcium
hydroxide and coustic soda
18. Which chemical compound used in proto mark IV as coolent.
Answer.
Sodium phosphate is used as coolent in proto mark IV self-contained breathing apparatus
19. State the limitations of smoke helmet
Answer.
The radious of action of this tube breathing is limited by the length of air hose to about 50 mts. from the
fesh air.
20. Write the chemical composition of hopcalite
Answer.
It is a mixture of manganese dioxide(Mno2) and copper oxide(Cuo)
21.List the different manual resuscitation methods.
Answer.
1. Silvester method 2. Schafer method 3. Holger-Neilson method 4. Eve method using rocking stretcher 5.
Direct mouth to mouth method.
21. How many team members are present in rescue team
Answer.
A rescue team consisting of 5-6 persons including a leader
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22. Mention the situations requiring rescue operations at mines.

Answer.
Mine rescue or mines rescue is the specialized job of rescuing miners and others who have become
trapped or injured in underground mines because of mining accidents, roof falls or floods and disasters
such as explosions caused by fire damp. A mine rescue organization comprising two or three rescue
brigades can only function effectively when arrangements are made to summon its members immediately
their services are required. Every mine must perfect its own emergency organization depending on the
types of emergency most likely to occur and the size of the mine, which can be set into action
immediately an emergency arises such as after a mine fire or explosion. The main objective of the
emergency response is to minimize the loss of life and property. The emergency organization includes a
plan for notifying mine rescue teams and key mine officials likely to be needed and summoning outside
help.

23. List the varies types of Rescue apparatus used in rescue.

Answer.
The following are the types of rescue apparatus 1. Fresh air base apparatus(Smoke helmets and hose
mask and other short-distance tube apparatus) 2. Self-contained breathing apparatus.(Proto IV &V) 3.
Escape apparatus(Self rescuer and other short duration breathing apparatus). 3.Filter type apparatus (Gas
masks, filter self-rescuers) 5. Reviving apparatus. 6. Resuscitation apparatus.

24. State the limitations of self-contained breathing apparatus

Answer.
Although modern self-contained breathing apparatus has reached a high state of efficiency there are
dangers to be guarded against bothe in the apparatus and in the organisation of rescue work. It can be
used only by trained rescue persons maximum for a period of two hours. Its use of oxygen cannot be
considered economical, flow of two liters per minute is somewhat excess of the mount necessary for
average duties, the saving of oxygen in the event of a rescue team member becoming trapped is difficult.
25. State the advantages of smoke helmet
Answer.
They are: 1. It is simple and effective 2. Air hose pipe is under continuous positive pressure and there is
no danger from leakage of outside atmosphere in to the apparatus. 3. It can be used by persons not trained
in rescue works although trained person should always be used when available

26. List any three disadvantages of smoke helmet

Answer.
Disadvantages 1. The flexible hose may be cut or flatened by falling stone, or held fast making wearer's
escape difficult. 2. The hose may be cut by tubs if run into bulid stoppings etc., 3. If a fall blocks the
roadway, the wearer is unable to escape by another road 4. The hose is cumbersome and heavy, hindering
user's movements 5. It affects the vision and hearing, it is not easy to make thorough inspection of roof
condition. 6. The wearer depends on others for air supply 7. Quick emergency escape not possible 8.
Sphere of use is limited up to a distance of 50 mts.

27. List the various applications of smoke helmet in mines rescue.

Answer.

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 RESCUE AND RECOVERY
1. Fire- fighting 2. Rescuing persons from irrespirable air 3. Opening ventilation doors in smoke -laden
air 4. Other recovery work within the range of the apparatus.

28. Write a shot notes on smoke helmet

Answer.
The smoke helmet is used when the work to be done in rescuing persons form irrespirable air, in fire
fighting, in opening ventilation doors or in recovery work-- when the wearer does not require to proceed
more than 50 metres from fresh air base. If the distance exceeds a self-contained breathing apparatus is
called for. The helmet is connected by tubing to a hand pump by which ordinary air is delivered into the
helmet. In the newer typer a telephone wire is connected between the persons operating the air pump and
the wearer of the helmet. so that instrctions can be transmitted between two parties. The telephone
receiver is fitted inside the helmet directly in front of the mouth. so that the wearer can speak into it
withut moving the helmet.

29. State the precautions to be taken while using the smoke helmet
Answer.
1. To prevent the flexible hose being cut off or falttened by falling stone or held fast, so as to prevent the
retreat of the wearer 2. If tubs are run in for the supply of building materials, ect., to see that hose is not
cut by them at any time. 3. The wearer being dependent on second person for air, the supplier must
always be alert. 4. To prevent danger arising out of the dependency on a second person, an eqalising
arrangement which has a similar function to that of an air vessel in an ordinary reciprocating pump,
namely that of converting a pulsating into an almost uniform flow, must be attached.

30. State the limitations of self-rescuer

Answer.
These can only be used in atmosphere containing sufficient oxygen(minimum 16%) to sustain life.
Provided there is sufficient oxygen in air to allow a flame safety lamp to burn, self-rescuers can be used
with safety in atmosphere containing 0.5 % of carbon monoxide and CO should not more than 2%. Most
self-rescuers last for 30 minutes in air saturated with moisture; in moderately dry atmosphere it may for
an hour.

31. What is resuscitation in rescue

Answer.
Resuscitation is the process of induction in a person who is unconscious or who is suffering from the
effect of noxious gases or whose breathing is feeble other cause. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is
a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including a heart attack or near drowning, in which
someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

32. State the silvester (aritficial) method of resuscitation

Answer.
Silvester's Method: (Sometimes his name is spelled Sylvester) Silvester criticised Hall's method in favor
of his own in an article published in The British Medical Journal in 1858 called "A NewMethod of
Resuscitating Still-born Children, and of Restoring Persons Apparently Drowned orDead." This entails
laying the patient on his back and providing rhythmic traction on the patient's arms. According to Smith,
the method goes something like this: When used on a drowned victim, the Lungmotor Company
recommends that because this method does not remove water from the patient's lungs, water should be
removed prior to its use. (1, page 7) When performed in a controlled setting, Killick recommended the
following:It consists of laying the patient on his back, drawing the tongue forward, then carrying the arms
slowly upward over the head, thus elevating the ribs by means of the pectoral muscles, and inducing
respiration; the arms are then brought down to the side of the chest and slightly compressed against it;
these movements are to be repeated slowly as by the other methods." (9, page 45)(also see 10, page 174)
Draw forward the patient's tongue, and keep it projecting beyond the lips; an elastic band over the tongue
and under the chin will answer the purpose, or a piece of string or tape may be tied round them; or by
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 RESCUE AND RECOVERY
raising the lower jaw, the teeth may be made to retain the tongue in that position (10, page 174)(also see
15, pages 345-6) In his 1858 article, Silvester noted his method had many advantages, such as: (17, pae76)
1. It could be performed while victim was in a warm bath 2. It's easier to perform than Hall's method 3. It
allows for more air to enter the lungs Mouth to mouth method: As noted in a booklet by the Lungmotor
Company: As commonly practiced by Life Savers, the Rescuer grasps the victim's tongue between his
teeth and blows into his mouth. This is too unsanitary to be considered, except to state that it is more
likely to fill the victim's stomach with air than, it is to expand the lungs, and to call attention to the danger
o£ transmission of dread diseases thereby, namely, Syphilis, Tuberculosis, etc., etc. ( Surely this method
was used from time to time, although, because it was seen as unhygienic, it was not recommended. I
would imagine this method, or a variation of it, was more likely to be used to save the life of a boy or girl,
or a newborn infant, as opposed to a perfect stranger.

33. State the purpose of reviving apparatus in rescue.

Answer.
The pupose of a reviving apparatus is to enable pure oxygen to be administered to an unconscious person
who is suffering from the effects of noxious gases, electrocution, fall from height, etc., primarily, the
reviving apparatus is intended for use at the fresh air where it can be applied to survivors in conjuction
with some artificial respiration.
34. List the tests to be conducted for self-contained compressed-oxygen breathing apparatus.
Answer.
The following are full test programme for self-contained compressed-oxygen breathing apparatus usually
comprises. 1. Leak tests at positve and negative pressures 2. Pre-flush test when a pre-fulshing deviece is
provided 3. Exhalation valve test 4. Inhalation valve test 5. Relief valve test for setting pressure 6.
Pressure guage equalization test 7. Lung demand valve test for response pressure and response volume 8.
Constant dosage test 9. Breathing bag valume test 10. Bypass test 11. Whistle activiation and duration
test 12. High- pressure leak test

35. State the purpose of rescue organization

Answer.
In mining laws of a country prescribe a general organisation of mine resue for its mines which will secure
safe and efficient conduct of such operations for resuce of persons as may be necessary to conduct at
mines follwing an explosion, mine fire, or other accident of whatsoever kind. In particular, 1. the
construction, epuipping, maintenance, and control of rescue stateions at suitable locations for the purpose
of providing facilities common to a number of minesfor the conduct of first-aid and mine resue and for
training of rescue men in mine fire training and 2. the establishment and maintenance at mines of such
organisations of persons and equipment at may be nessary for resue pouposes.

36. List the equipment required to be kept in rescue station

Answer.
Equipment to be kept at a Rescue Station I BREATHING APPARATUS a. Two- hours self - contained
breathing apparatus b. Short duration self-contained breathing apparatus II RESUSCITATING
APPARATUS a. Resuscitating apparatus b. Spare cylinders III. TUBE APPARATUS a. Pressure type
with bellows b. Spare helmets c. Pressure type with fan IV. ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT a. Oxygen
cylinders b.(i) Oxygen pump hand driven (ii) Oxygen pump power driven c. Bobin meter d. Flow meter e.
Universal tester f. Pressure gauge testing device g. Oxygen testing apparatus h. Apparatus testing tool kit
V. LAMPS ETC AND GAS TESTING DEVICE a. Flame safety lamps with maintenance kit b. Electric
safety lamps

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