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Red Blood Cell Counting

The document discusses how to count red blood cells through manual and electronic methods. It describes the materials, process, and normal ranges for red blood cell counts. Abnormally high or low counts can indicate conditions like polycythemia or anemia. Physiological factors like altitude, exercise, or smoking can also affect red blood cell levels.

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76 views15 pages

Red Blood Cell Counting

The document discusses how to count red blood cells through manual and electronic methods. It describes the materials, process, and normal ranges for red blood cell counts. Abnormally high or low counts can indicate conditions like polycythemia or anemia. Physiological factors like altitude, exercise, or smoking can also affect red blood cell levels.

Uploaded by

Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RED BLOOD CELL

COUNTING
Assist Lecture Ammar Yasir
Introduction
• RBCs make up approximately 45% of blood volume.
• RBCs are so full of hemoglobin that they lack many components, such
as a nucleus.
• RBCs carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells.
• RBCs are composed mostly of a protein and iron compound, called
hemoglobin, which captures O2 molecules as the blood moves through
the lungs, giving blood red in color.
THE PRINCIPLE
• RBC counting is the number of red blood cells per unit volume of
whole blood.
• Normal RBC values are:
• Adults (males) about 5.0-5.5 million (Females) about 4.4-5.0 million
• Pregnancy is slightly lower than normal adult values
• Newborns of about 4.8-7.2 million
• Children about 3.8-5.5 million
• Each RBC is a biconcave disc having a diameter of about 7 microns
and a thickness of about 2 microns.
THE AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
•RBC count is performed to determine whether or not
there are enough RBCs in circulation
METHODS

1- Manual method

2- Electronic cell counting


MATERIALS AND INSTRUMENTS
1. Anticoagulated whole (using EDTA) or capillary blood can be used.

2. Hayem's solution (diluting fluid) is composed of:

• HgCl2 0.05 g

• Na2SO4 2.5 g

• NaCl 0.5 g

• Distilled water 100 m


3. The RBC pipette which is composed of a stem and a mixing chamber with a red bead, it is
function is to mix blood with the substance for differentiation from the WBC pipette

4. Haemocytometer Neubauer chamber is a counting chamber with a cover slip, The same counting
chamber is used also for counting total white blood cells

5. Microscope

6. Lancet

7. Alcohol 70%

8. Cotton
PRODUCE
• Wipe your partner s finger with cotton soaked with alcohol and allow
it to dry
• With a sterile disposable lancet do a small prick on the fingertip
• when a drop of reasonable size has collected, hold the red blood cell
pipette slightly tilted from the vertical position
• apply the tip to the drop and aspirate blood to the mark 0.5
• Wipe blood remains outside the pipette.
• Never allow the blood to clot inside the pipette If the blood clots in the
pipette blow the sample out, clean the pipette, and start over.
• Add hayem's solution for diluting to the 101 mark, thus making 1:200
dilutions of the blood
• Hold the pipette horizontally and roll it with both hands between the
finger and thumb
• Blow out a quarter of the content to remove the pure diluting fluid
from the pipette.
• Prepare the counting chamber and cover it with a cover slip Hold the
pipette 45 and touch its tip gently on the surface of the counting
platform where it projects beyond the coverslip and a small amount of
solution will be drawn under the coverslip
• Place the Neubauer chamber on the stage of the microscope and allow
2 minutes for the cells to settle down.
• Scan the counting area with a 10 x objective lens.
• Use the 40 x objective lens, including all cells lying on the lower and
left lines of any square omit the cells on the upper & right-hand lines.
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
• 1. Polycythemia is a disease of unknown origin that results in an abnormal
increase in red blood cells due to over production of red blood cells in the
bone marrow not caused by physiologic need (primary polycythemia vera)
while secondary polycythemia vera occur in response to hypoxia
• 2. Anemia: is a general term that refers to a decrease in red blood cells.
Anemia can occur from either a decrease in the number of red blood cells, a
decrease in the hemoglobin content, or both A lower than normal RBC can
result from a number of causes, including:
• Massive RBC loss, such as acute hemorrhage
• Abnormal destruction of RBC
• Lack of substances needed for RBC production
• Chemotherapy or radiation side effect from the treatment of bone marrow
malignancies such as leukemia can result in bone marrow suppression
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS
• A normal physiological increase in the RBC count occurs at high
altitudes or after strenuous physical training
• The drugs gentamicin and methyldopa have been associated with
increasing the number of red blood cells.
• Smokers also have a higher number of red blood cells than non-
smokers
Thank
You

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