2018 national curriculum tests

Key stage 1

Mathematics test
mark schemes
Paper 1: arithmetic
Paper 2: reasoning

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2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Contents
1. Introduction 3

2. Structure of the test 3

3. Content domain coverage 4

4. Explanation of the mark schemes 5

5. General marking guidance 6

5.1 Applying the mark schemes 6
5.2 General marking principles 6
6. Internal moderation procedures 8

7. Mark schemes for Paper 1: arithmetic 9

8. Mark schemes for Paper 2: reasoning 10

9. Example responses 18
9.1 Examples of responses from question 24 18
9.2 Examples of responses from question 29 20
9.3 Examples of responses from question 30 22

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

1. Introduction
The Standards and Testing Agency (STA) is responsible for the development and delivery of
statutory tests and assessments. STA is an executive agency of the Department for Education.

The 2018 tests assess the national curriculum. This test has been developed to meet the
specification set out in the test framework1 for mathematics at key stage 1.

A new test and new mark schemes will be produced each year.

The key stage 1 tests will be marked internally within schools to inform teacher assessment.

Scaled score conversion tables are not included in this document. Conversion tables will be
produced as part of the standards maintenance process. Scaled score conversion tables2 for
the 2018 tests will be published in June 2018.

The mark schemes are provided to use when marking pupils’ responses. The pupil examples
are based on responses gathered from the test trialling process. It is important, when marking,
to refer to the general marking principles, the additional guidance and the exemplars section,
to ensure marking is accurate and consistent.

2. Structure of the test

The key stage 1 mathematics test comprises:
• Paper 1: arithmetic (25 marks)
• Paper 2: reasoning (35 marks).

1 www.gov.uk/government/publications/key-stage-1-mathematics-test-framework
2 www.gov.uk/guidance/scaled-scores-at-key-stage-1

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2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

3. Content domain coverage

The 2018 test meets the specification in the test framework. Table 1 sets out the areas of the
content domain that are assessed in Papers 1 and 2.

The references below are taken from the test framework. A question assessing 2M1, for
example, assesses ‘compare and order lengths, mass, volume/capacity and record the results
using >, < and =’ and is taken from the year 2 programme of study.

Table 1: Content domain coverage for Paper 1 and Paper 2

Paper 1: arithmetic Paper 2: reasoning

Content domain Content domain
Question Question
reference reference
1 1C2a 1 1N1b
2 2C2b 2 2N3/1N2a
3 2C1 3 2F1a
4 1C2a 4 2C4
5 2C2b 5 2C8
6 2C6 6 1M1
7 1F1a 7 1G1a
8 2N1/2C2b 8 2F1a
9 2C6 9 1P2
10 2N1/2N6 10 2N6
11 2C2b 11 2M4b
12 2C6 12 2C4
13 1C4 13 1N4
14 2C2b 14 2S2b
15 2C6 15 2C7/2C6
16 2C2b 16 1C8
17 2N6/2C2b 17 2G2a
18 2N1/2N6 18 2C8/2M3b
19 2C2b 19 2C9b
20 2C2b 20 2N4
21 2C2b 21 2M4c
22 2F1a 22 2C1/2C2b
23 2C3 23 2M9/2M3a
24 2C6/1N1b 24 2C8/2M9
25 2C2b 25 2M9
26 2N1
27 2M2
28 2C4
29 2M2/1G1a
30 2C8/2C4
31 2C4
32 2C3/2C4

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

4. Explanation of the mark schemes

Those marking the tests should familiarise themselves with the marking guidance in section 5
of this document before applying the mark schemes.

The practice questions are not marked as they are completed by the pupils together with the
test administrator as an introduction to the test.

The marking information for each question is set out in the form of tables (sections 7 and 8).

The ‘Qu.’ column on the left-hand side of each table provides a quick reference to the question
number and part.

The ‘Requirement’ column may include two types of information:

• a statement of the requirements for the award of each mark, with an indication of whether
partial credit can be given for a correct method
• examples of some different types of correct answer.

The ‘Mark’ column indicates the total number of marks available for each question part.

The ‘Additional guidance’ column indicates alternative acceptable answers, and provides
details of specific types of answer that are unacceptable. Other guidance, such as the range of
acceptable answers, is provided as necessary.

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2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

5. General marking guidance

5.1 Applying the mark schemes
To ensure consistency of marking, the most frequent procedural queries are listed in Table 2,
along with the action you should take. Unless otherwise specified in the mark scheme, you
should apply these guidelines in all cases.

Example responses are also included for the two working mark questions and one other
question in Paper 2: reasoning. These should act as your guide when you are marking
these questions.

5.2 General marking principles

Table 2: General marking principles

Possible issues when marking

1. The answer does not Those marking the test will use their judgement to
closely match any of decide whether the answer corresponds with details
the examples in the in the ‘Requirement’ column of the mark scheme.
mark scheme. Refer also to the ‘Additional guidance’ column and to
the examples of responses where appropriate.

2. The pupil has answered in Pupils may provide evidence in any form as long as
a non-standard way. its meaning can be understood. Diagrams, symbols
or words are acceptable ways to present an answer.

3. The answer is correct, Always award the mark for a final response that
but the wrong working is correct.
is shown.

4. No answer is provided in Where a word or number response is expected,

the expected place, but a pupil may meet the requirement by annotating
the correct answer is a graph or labelling a diagram elsewhere in
given elsewhere. the question.

5. The correct answer has You should not award any marks for crossed out
been crossed (or rubbed) answers or working.
out and not replaced.

6. The answer in the answer Give precedence to the response provided in the
box is wrong, but the answer box over any other workings. However, in a
correct answer is shown 2-mark question, one mark may still be awarded for
in the working. evidence of a complete, correct method.

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Possible issues when marking

7. More than one answer If all provided answers are correct (or a range of
is given. answers is given, all of which are correct), a mark
will be awarded unless the mark scheme states
otherwise. If both correct and incorrect responses
are given, no mark will be awarded unless the mark
scheme states otherwise.

8. There appears to be a A misread occurs when a pupil misreads a number

misread of numbers that given in the question and consistently uses a different
affects the pupil’s working. number that does not alter the original intention or
difficulty of the question. For example, if 43 is misread
as 48, both numbers may be regarded as comparable
in difficulty. However, if 43 is misread as 40 or 45,
the misread number may be regarded as making
the question easier, depending on the question. For
example, 26 + 40 is easier than 26 + 48. The misread
of a number will affect the award of marks.
No marks are awarded if there is more than one
misread in a question or if the mathematics is
simplified by the misread.
For 1-mark questions: no mark is awarded for one or
more misreads.
For 2-mark questions that have a method mark:
one mark is awarded if the correct method is correctly
implemented with the misread number, provided this
does not simplify the mathematics.

9. The answer is numerically Answers should be given as single values in their

equivalent to the answer in simplest form unless the mark scheme states
the mark scheme. otherwise, e.g. for = 12 − 5, the answer 4 + 3 will
not be accepted. Where alternative expressions are
acceptable, these will be indicated in the additional
guidance column.

10. The pupil reverses a digit A reversed digit is acceptable if it is clearly

in their answer. recognisable as the digit intended. For example, a
reversed 2 must clearly show the characteristics of
a 2 rather than a 5.

As a further example, where the answer is 61 and the

response is given, then this should be awarded
the mark.

You should make a decision based upon your

knowledge of the pupil’s writing.

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2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Possible issues when marking

11. The pupil transposes digits A pupil transposes digits by reversing their order,
in their answer. for example, 83 instead of 38.

For questions where no working is shown, an answer

with transposed digits should not be awarded the
mark. For example, a response of 16 or when the
answer is 61 should not be marked as correct.

12. The pupil has worked out A transcription error can occur when the pupil
the answer correctly, but miscopies the correct answer from the end of their
then copied the wrong working into the answer box.
answer into the answer box.
Give precedence to the answer given in the answer
box over any other workings. There may be cases
where the incorrect answer is a transcription error,
in which case you may check the pupil’s intention
and decide whether to award the mark(s).

13. The answer correctly ‘Follow through’ marks for an answer may only be
follows through from earlier awarded when specifically stated in the mark scheme.
incorrect work.

6. Internal moderation procedures

We recommend those who are involved in marking the key stage 1 tests undertake moderation
activity to ensure marking is consistent across their school.

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

7. Mark schemes for Paper 1: arithmetic

Equivalent answers are not acceptable, for example, 10 + 4 instead of 14. When marking the arithmetic
questions, refer specifically to general marking principles 9, 10, 11 and 12.

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance

P 6 none Practice question

1 9 1m

2 42 1m

3 30 1m

4 10 1m

5 84 1m

6 30 1m

7 3 1m

8 36 1m

9 60 1m

10 90 1m

11 85 1m

12 14 1m

13 12 1m

14 76 1m

15 4 1m

16 59 1m

17 34 1m

18 109 1m

19 100 1m

20 44 1m

21 65 1m

22 6 1m

23 70 1m

24 12 1m

25 27 1m

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

8. Mark schemes for Paper 2: reasoning

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance
Aural questions

P The correct key ticked as shown: none Practice question

1 24 1m

2 42 1m Accept any number that has 4 tens and 2

ones, e.g. 042, 142, 1042.

Refer to general marking principles 10 and

11 on pages 7 – 8.

3 The correct fraction ticked as shown: 1m Accept any other clear way of indicating
the correct answer.
1 1
2 4 Do not award the mark if additional
fractions are indicated, unless it is
1 3
clear the correct fraction is the pupil’s
3 4
final choice.

4 7 (marbles) 1m

5 Number sentence completed correctly as 1m The number 5 must appear in both answer
shown: boxes for the award of the mark.

5 { 5 = 25

Written questions

6 Letters put in the correct order as shown: 1m All letters must be in the correct order for
the award of the mark.

C D A B Accept any other clear way of indicating

the correct answer, e.g. matching each
tallest shortest building to its correct position.

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance

7 Both shapes ticked as shown: 1m Both correct shapes must be indicated for
the award of the mark.
Tick two.

triangle Accept any other clear way of indicating

the two correct shapes.
square Do not award the mark if additional
shapes are indicated, unless it is clear
rectangle that the two correct shapes are the
pupil’s final choice.
circle

hexagon

8 Three-quarters shaded as shown, e.g. 1m Accept any other clear way of indicating
three-quarters, e.g. marking the
appropriate number of sections. Accept
slight inaccuracies in shading.

Do not award the mark if more or less

than three-quarters has been shaded and
the intention is not clear, e.g.

9 The fourth black bead ticked as shown, e.g. 1m Accept any other clear way of indicating
the correct answer, e.g. circling the fourth
black bead, ticking above the fourth black
bead etc.

Do not award the mark if more than one

bead has been indicated, unless it is clear
that the fourth black bead is the pupil’s
final choice.

10 100 (balls) 1m

11 Longest time indicated as shown: 1m Accept any other clear way of indicating
the correct answer, e.g. ticking the
correct club.
Swimming Art
45 minutes 2 hours Do not award the mark if more than
one club has been indicated, unless it is
clear that the correct club is the pupil’s
final choice.
Music Drama
75 minutes 1 hour

12 18 (cm) 1m

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance

13 34 1m Refer to general marking principle 9 on

page 7.

14 4 1m

15 Number sentence completed as shown: 1m All three numbers must be correct for the
award of the mark.
5 × 6 = 30
children

OR

6 × 5 = 30
children

16 4 (fish) 1m The correct number of 4 must be seen for

the award of the mark.

Also accept the word ‘four’ written as long

as it is clear it is the pupil’s final answer.

17 Shape indicated as shown: 1m Accept any other clear way of indicating

the correct answer, e.g. circling or putting
a cross on the correct shape.

Do not award the mark if more than one

shape has been indicated, unless it is
clear that the correct shape is the pupil’s
final choice.

18 10 (coins) 1m

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance

19 Both number sentences completed as 1m All numbers in both number sentences

shown: must be correct for the award of the mark.

8 × 5 = 40

40 ÷ 5 = 8

OR

8 × 5 = 40

40 ÷ 8 = 5

20 Correct number given as shown: 1m

70 85 90

21 60 (planes) 1m

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance

22 Award TWO marks for two number 2m Accept any other clear way of indicating
sentences completed correctly, using four the correct answers, e.g. matching correct
different number cards from those that are cards to answer boxes.
given, e.g.
Do not award any marks if the pupil
uses numbers that are not given in the
question, e.g.
55 + 5 = 60
59 + 1 = 60
15 + 45 = 60
50 + 10 = 60
25 + 35 = 60

Award ONE mark for any one number 1m

sentence completed correctly using the given
cards only, e.g.

25 + 35 = 60

10 + 50 = 60

OR
Award ONE mark if one number sentence
is correct, but the pupil has used the
same numbers cards for the other number
sentence, e.g.

55 + 5 = 60

5 + 55 = 60

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance

23 Award the mark for any combination of coins 1m Accept any other clear way of indicating a
indicated that totals 45p, e.g. correct combination of coins, i.e.

20p, 20p and 5p

or

20p, 10p, 10p and 5p

OR

24 Award TWO marks for the correct answer of 2m

85 (p).

If the answer is incorrect or missing, award 1m Use the example responses given on
ONE mark for evidence of a complete, pages 18 – 19 to help determine how
correct method, e.g. many marks can be awarded.
• 20 + 20 + 20 + 25 = (incorrect or
no answer)
• 20 × 3 = 40 (error)
40 + 25 =

25 15 (p) 1m

26 55 1m

27 15 (°C) 1m

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance

28 13 written in both boxes as shown: 1m The correct number must be written in

both boxes for the award of the mark.
13 + 13 = 26

29 Rectangle drawn with the correct dimensions 1m Accept any orientation of the rectangle,
7cm × 3cm, e.g. with the correct dimensions.

Accept slight inaccuracies of drawing the

rectangle as long as the intention is clear;
allowing a tolerance of up to 5mm.

Use the example responses given on

pages 20 – 21 to help determine how the
mark can be awarded.

OR 3cm × 7cm

30 Award TWO marks for the correct answer 2m

of 45

If the answer is incorrect or missing, award 1m Use the example responses given on
ONE mark for evidence of a complete, pages 22 – 23 to determine how many
correct method, e.g. marks can be awarded.
• 7 × 10 – 25 = (incorrect or no answer)
• 7 × 10 = 60 (error)
60 – 25 =

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

Qu. Requirement Mark Additional guidance

31 Number sentence completed as shown: 1m Refer to general marking principle 9 on

page 7.
13 + 6 = 10 + 9

32 Award the mark for any two numbers that are 1m Both numbers must be greater than 20 for
greater than 20 with a difference of 2, e.g. the award of the mark.
• 24 – 22 Do not award the mark if only one
• 30 – 28 number is greater than 20 and has a
• 49 – 47 difference of 2, e.g.
• 22 – 20

Do not award the mark if the numbers are

presented in the wrong order, e.g.
• 22 – 24 = 2

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

9. Example responses
9.1 Examples of responses from question 24

Dale: 2 marks Karolina: 1 mark

2 1
Dale and Karolina have recorded the same answer in the answer box. In his working, Dale has shown a
complete, correct method with the correct answer. However, in transcribing his answer into the answer box,
he has transposed the digits, recording 58 instead of 85. It is clear that his intention was to write 85, but he
has miscopied his final answer. In this case we can apply general marking principle 12 (see page 8).
Therefore, Dale can be awarded the full two marks. In contrast, Karolina has not recorded the correct
answer, 85, anywhere. However, she has written a complete, correct method and is awarded one mark.

Freya: 1 mark Harmeet: 0 marks

1 0

Freya and Harmeet have an incorrect final answer, but both have provided methods. In her method, Freya has
not shown how she has reached 60, but she has shown that 25 has to be added to this amount. Although,
she has given an incorrect final answer, she can be awarded one mark for a complete, correct method. In
contrast, Harmeet has shown how he reached 60 by counting in twenties. However, he has not shown the
final step in his working. He has recorded 84 as his final answer, but we do not know that he was attempting
to add 25, so his method cannot be considered correct. Therefore, he is awarded no marks.

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

9.1 Examples of responses from question 24 (continued)

Jake: 1 mark Esmae: 0 marks

1 0
Both Jake and Esmae have incorrect final answers and they have provided methods with errors. Jake has
made an arithmetic error in his first step of adding twenties. He then correctly added 25 to his first total of
30. Although his final answer is incorrect, he can be awarded one mark for his complete, correct method.
Esmae, in comparison, has correctly added the cost of one biscuit and one cake, and then separately added
the cost of two biscuits. In her last step, she has not added the two totals correctly, only adding 5 instead of
45 to 40, so her method is not correct. Therefore, she is awarded no marks.

Jabeen: 1 mark Kirk: 0 marks

1 0

Both Jabeen and Kirk have used a pictorial method to obtain an answer. Jabeen has correctly drawn 85
tallies, but has made a counting error when finding the total number. Her pictorial method is complete and
correct so she is awarded one mark. Kirk has correctly recorded three groups of 20 pence, but in his fourth
group, he has only recorded 24 pence instead of 25 pence. As a consequence, he reached the answer 84
instead of 85. Although he has counted correctly, his method is not correct and he is awarded no marks.

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

9.2 Examples of responses from question 29

Ashley: 1 mark Georgia: 0 marks

1 0

Ashley has drawn a rectangle that is slightly inaccurate (7.2cm × 3.1cm), but within the tolerance allowed
(5mm), so he is awarded one mark. In contrast, Georgia has drawn a rectangle that is outside of the
tolerance allowed, and is awarded no marks.

Cristina: 1 mark Alfie: 0 marks

1 0

Cristina has superimposed a rectangle that has the correct dimensions over the first line she drew. Her
intended answer is clear and she is awarded one mark. Alfie has drawn two rectangles and one of them is
correct with slight inaccuracies. However, he has not indicated which rectangle is his intended answer. As a
result, general marking principle 7 (page 7) is applied and no marks can be awarded.

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

9.2 Examples of responses from question 29 (continued)

Louise: 1 mark Matteo: 1 mark

1 1
Both Louise and Matteo have made corrections in their creditworthy responses. Louise has corrected her
response by crossing out. Therefore, she is awarded one mark. Similarly, Matteo has corrected his answer,
but he has not used the grid for his intended answer. However, he has drawn a rectangle that is creditworthy
and therefore is awarded one mark.

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

9.3 Examples of responses from question 30

Hanaa: 2 marks Kyle: 1 mark

2 1

In their methods, Hanaa and Kyle both calculated 7 × 10 mentally and then attempted a partitioning method
to subtract 25 from 70. Hanaa subtracted 20 correctly and then subtracted 5 from her answer. She recorded
the correct answer in the answer box and is awarded two marks. Kyle also partitioned 25 into 20 and 5,
and calculated the difference in the tens. However, he did not subtract the 5 and, as a result, he provided an
incorrect answer. Although his final answer is incorrect, Kyle is awarded one mark for his complete,
correct method.

Caleb: 1 mark Aidan: 0 marks

1 0

Both Caleb and Aidan have crossed out their work. Caleb recorded a complete, correct method with the
correct answer 45 in his working. He then crossed out the 45 and recorded 55 as his final answer. We cannot
consider working or answers that have been crossed out. Consequently, Caleb is awarded one mark for a
complete, correct method only. In comparison, Aidan has only recorded and correctly evaluated one step of
the problem. He has not completed the method and has provided the final answer of 70. His final answer is
incorrect and he is awarded no marks.

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 2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes

9.3 Examples of responses from question 30 (continued)

Izabella: 1 mark Siobhan: 0 marks

1 0

Izabella and Siobhan have both provided an incorrect answer, but have used pictorial methods. Izabella
has drawn 7 bags of 10 grapes and has clearly crossed off 25 of these grapes. In her final answer, she has
made a counting error, so she is awarded one mark for a complete, correct method. In contrast, Siobhan
has drawn 69 grapes instead of 70 and although she has correctly crossed off 25 of these, her method is not
correct because she did not start with 70. Therefore, she is awarded no marks.

Owen: 1 mark Grace: 0 marks

1 0

Owen and Grace have both provided an incorrect final answer, but have included their methods. In Owen’s
method, he has made two arithmetic errors, but his method is complete and correct; therefore he is awarded
one mark. Grace has used a number line to calculate, 7 × 10. However, because she started to count from
ten, she has erroneously reached the answer of 80. She then successfully subtracts 25 from her answer of 80.
As a result of her first step being incorrect, she cannot be awarded any marks for her method.

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2018 key stage 1 mathematics test mark schemes
Paper 1: arithmetic and Paper 2: reasoning
Electronic PDF version product code: STA/18/7966/e ISBN: 978-1-78644-639-8
For more copies
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