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Chapter 5 Part 2 Arch Lintel

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Chapter 5 Part 2 Arch Lintel

Uploaded by

ade.asu.2015
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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College of Engineering

Department of Construction Technology And Management

COURSE TITLE: Building construction I


COURSE NUMBER: CoTM2072
Instructor : ALEMU A.(MSc)
ARCHES AND LINTELS
ARCHES AND LINTELS
Arches
 An arch is normally a curved member composing of mechanical
arrangement of wedge shaped building units upholding each other
by mutual pressure of their own weight and maintained in
equilibrium by reaction from supports called Abutment.
 An arch is normally a curved member of either stone, concrete,
steel, etc.
 Arches are constructed where:
 Loads are heavy,
 Span is large,
 Strong abutments are available, and
 Architectural appearance is required. 3
Typical elements of an Arch
 Intrados: This is the inner curve of an arch.
 Soffit: It is the inner surface of an arch. (It is the synonym of
intrados)
 Extrados: It is the outer curve of an arch.
 Voussoirs: These are wedge shaped units of masonry, forming an
arch.
 Crown: It is the highest part of extrados.
 Key: It is the wedge shaped unit fixed at the crown of the arch.
 Spandrill: This is a curved triangular space formed between
the extrados and the horizontal line through the crown.
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 Springing Points : These are the points from which the curve of the
arch springs (starts).
 Springing line : It is the imaginary line joining the springing of
points of either end.
 Abutment : This is the support of the arch.
 Span: It is the clear distance (horizontal distance) between
abutments.
 Rise : It is the clear vertical distance between the highest point on
the intrados and the springing line.
 Depth or Height: It is the perpendicular distance between the
intrados and extrados.
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Precast concrete arch lintel
Types of arch

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A segmented arch is struck from a center below the springing line.
A drop arch: is a pointed arch having two centers and radii less than the span.

 Centre arch: which have a center in the mid of the springing line and other
two centers bellow the springing line.
Camber: An arch having a straight horizontal extrados and a slightly arched
intrados.

Gothic arch: is a pointed arch having two centers and usually equal radii.
A lancent arch: is a pointed arch having two centers and radii greater then
the span.

Roman arch: which have a semi circular intrados.


A basket handle arch: is a three-centered arch having a crown with a radius
much greater than that of the outer pair of curves.
A tudor arch: is a four centered arch having an inner pair of curves with radii
much greater than that of the outer pairs.
CONCRETE ARCHES
Concrete arches are of two types:

1. Pre-cast concrete block arches

 Cement concrete 1:2:4 mixes is usually used.

2. Monolithic Concrete arches.

 are constructed from cast-insitu concrete, either plain or reinforced,


depending up on the span and magnitude of loading.

 The arch thickness is 15cm for arches up to 3m span.


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LINTELS
 A lintel is a horizontal member, which is placed across the opening.
 Lintels are easy to build and the supporting walls need not be very strong.
 At least 10cm length of bearing is a minimum requirement.
 For very long spans, the bearing for the lintel end should be equal at least to
its depth.
The bearing length of lintel should be at least :
a.10cm
b. Height of lintel.
c. 1/10th to 1/12th of the span of lintel.
 If the span of lintel exceeds 1.2m, End bearing should have a minimum of
15cm.

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Types of lintels

 Lintels are classified according to the material of their construction.


a) Timber lintels: are the oldest type of lintels and are not commonly used
nowadays.
 They can not take greater load and are vulnerable to fire and decay.
b) Stone lintels: not widely used as the stone used for this work is not available at
all places.
c) Brick lintels: Plain brick lintels are not structurally strong and they are not used
in large openings and where loads are heavy. Instead reinforced bricks are
used.
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Types of lintels
d) Steel lintels: Are provided where the opening is large and where the
superimposed loads are heavy.
e) Reinforced concrete lintels: have replaced practically all other types of
lintels because of their strength, rigidity, fire resistance, economy and
ease of construction.
 Can be used on any span
 they may be cast in place or available as precast.

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Types of lintels

Stone lintel
Timber lintel

Reinforced brick lintel


Reinforced concrete lintel
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THANK YOU!

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