Gokongwei College of Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

CEHDRA2 T3 AY 2023-2024

Problem Set #3
Pipes in Series and Parallel

Submitted by:
Group 3 - EW

Group Members
Gamboa, Franchesca Marie Q. - 12137308 (EW-15)
Lim, Angela A. - 12258279 (EW-21)
Rivera, Khrysz Justine F. - 12215716 (EW-31)

Submitted to:
Dr. Marla Maniquiz-Redillas, Ph.D

Submitted on:

Jun 7, 2024
QUESTION # 1

A pipeline is conveying 0.05m³/s of water, at 30°C. The length of the line is 300 m, and the
diameter is 0.25 m. Estimate the head loss due to friction using the three formulas:
a) Darcy-Weisbach (e = 0.5 mm)
b) Hazen Williams (C = 110)
c) Chezy-Manning (n = 0.012)

If the length of the pipe were double (600 m), how much would the head loss be due to the
friction?

Solution
−6
Given: Q = 0.05 m³/s, L = 600 m, D = 0.25 m, ν = 0. 804𝑥10 @30°𝐶

A. Darcy-Weisbach (e = 0.5 mm) (β = 2. 0)

𝑄 0.05
𝑄 = 𝑣𝐴; 𝑣 = 𝐴
= π = 1. 0186
4
𝑥 0.25²

𝑣𝐷 1.0186 𝑥 0.25 5
𝑅𝑒 = 𝑣
= −6 = 3. 1673𝑥10
0.804𝑥10

𝑒 0.5
𝐷
= 250
= 0. 002

𝐿 𝑒 1 0.9 −2
𝑅 = 1. 07 ( 5 ){𝑙𝑛[0. 27( 𝐷 ) + 5. 74( 𝑅 ) ]}
𝑔𝐷 𝑒

600 1 0.9 −2 𝑠²
𝑅 = 1. 07 ( 5 ){𝑙𝑛[0. 27(0. 002) + 5. 74( 5 ) ]} = 1220. 0092 5
(9.81)(0.25) 3.1673𝑥10 𝑚

β 2
ℎ𝐿 = 𝑅𝑄 = (1220. 0092)(0. 05) = 3. 05 𝑚

B. Hazen-Williams (C = 110) (𝐾1 = 10. 59) (β = 1. 85) (𝑚 = 4. 87)

𝐾1𝐿 (10.59)(600) 𝑠²
𝑅 = β 𝑚 = 1.85 4.87 = 908. 872 5
𝐶𝐷 (110 )(0.25 ) 𝑚

β 1.85
ℎ𝐿 = 𝑅𝑄 = (908. 872)(0. 05) = 3. 561 𝑚
 C. Chezy-Manning (n = 0.012) (𝐾2 = 1.0) (β = 2. 0)
2 2 2
10.29𝑛 𝐿 (10.29)(0.012) (600) 𝑠
𝑅 = 5.33 = 5.33 = 1438. 497 5
𝐾2𝐷 1.0(0.25 ) 𝑚

β 2
ℎ𝐿 = 𝑅𝑄 = (1438. 497)(0. 05) = 3. 596 𝑚

Conclusion
It clearly shows a significant increase of head loss as you increase the length. Additionally, it is
directly proportional to the change of head loss to the change of length. It also showed a minor
discrepancy when using the 3 possible equations to achieve the head loss.
Subsequently, upon comparing the 300 meters and 600 meters, it showed that it just doubled the
results. Hence, it is quite evident that changing the parameters of the length would just increase
proportionally, however, changing the diameter would be just inversely proportional. The
equation alone could actually expect the outcome.
QUESTION # 2

For the system shown, find the required power to pump 100 L/s of liquid (S = 0.85,
−5 2
𝑣 = 10 𝑚 /𝑠). The pump is operating at an efficiency η = 0. 75. Pertinent data are given in
the figure.

If the pump is operating at an efficiency of η = 0. 65, how will this change the power required
to pump the liquid at the same rate.

Figure 2.1. Illustrative figure of the system

Solution
In order to effectively solve the problem, Line 1 and Line 2 properties are defined separately by:

Line 1
𝐿 = 10 𝑚, 𝐷 = 0. 20 𝑚, 𝑒 = 0. 05 𝑚𝑚, 𝐾1 = 0. 5, 𝐾𝑣 = 2

Line 2
𝐿 = 500 𝑚, 𝐷 = 0. 25 𝑚, 𝑒 = 0. 05 𝑚𝑚, 𝐾𝑒 = 0. 25, 𝐾2 = 1

Other pertinent data were defined such as:

−5 2
𝑄 = 100 𝐿/𝑠 of liquid (𝑆 = 0. 85, 𝑣 = 10 𝑚 /𝑠), η = 0. 65

Conversion of Units from Liters per second to cubic meters per second
3
𝐿 1𝑚 3
𝑄 = 100 𝑠
× 1000 𝐿
= 0. 1 𝑚 /𝑠

Bernoulli’s Equation to derive R

𝑁
𝑃 𝑃 Σ𝐾 2
( γ + 𝑧)𝐴 + 𝐻𝑃 = ( γ + 𝑧)𝐵 + [ ∑ (𝑅𝑖 + 2 )]𝑄
𝑖=1 2𝑔𝐴𝑖
Swamee and Jain Equation
𝐿 𝑒 1 0.9 −2
𝑅 = 1. 07( 5 ){𝑙𝑛[0. 27( 𝐷 ) + 5. 74( 𝑅 ) ]}
𝑔𝐷 𝑒

Reynolds number given 𝑒1

𝑉𝐷 𝑄𝐷1 4𝑄 4 (0.1) 4
𝑅𝑒1 = 𝑣
= 𝐴1𝑣
= π𝐷1𝑣
= −5 = 6. 366 × 10
π(0.2)(10 )

𝑒 0.05
( 𝐷 )1 = 200
= 0. 00025

Reynolds number given 𝑒2

𝑉𝐷 𝑄𝐷2 4𝑄 4 (0.1) 4
𝑅𝑒2 = 𝑣
= 𝐴2𝑣
= π𝐷2𝑣
= −5 = 5. 093 × 10
π(0.25)(10 )

𝑒 0.05
( 𝐷 )1 = 250
= 0. 0002

From here, R can be solved for each Line given both values of the relative roughness using the
Swamee and Jain formula presented.
10 1 0.9 −2 2 5
𝑅1 = 1. 07( 5 ){𝑙𝑛[0. 27(0. 00025) + 5. 74( 4 ) ]} = 53. 44 𝑠 /𝑚
9.81(0.2) 6.366×10

10 1 0.9 −2 2 5
𝑅2 = 1. 07( 5 ){𝑙𝑛[0. 27(0. 00025) + 5. 74( 4 ) ]} = 904. 70 𝑠 /𝑚
9.81(0.2) 6.366×10

𝐾1+𝐾𝑣 0.5+2
2 = π 2 2 = 129. 1045
2𝑔𝐴1 2(9.81)( 4 ·0.2 )
2𝐾𝑒+𝐾2 2(0.25)+1
2 = π 2 2 = 31. 7287
2𝑔𝐴2 2(9.81)( 4 ·0.25 )

All initial unknown variables are solved, it can be plugged in the Bernoulli equation presented.

𝑁
𝑃 𝑃 Σ𝐾 2
( γ + 𝑧)𝐴 + 𝐻𝑃 = ( γ + 𝑧)𝐵 + [ ∑ (𝑅𝑖 + 2 )]𝑄
𝑖=1 2𝑔𝐴𝑖

𝑃 𝑃 𝐾1+𝐾𝑣 2𝐾𝑒+𝐾2 2
( γ + 𝑧)𝐴 + 𝐻𝑃 = ( γ + 𝑧)𝐵 + [𝑅1 + 2 + 𝑅2 + 2 ]𝑄
2𝑔𝐴1 2𝑔𝐴2
(200)(1000) 2
(0 + 10)𝐴 + 𝐻𝑃 = ( (0.85)(9810) + 20)𝐵 + [53. 44 + 129. 10 + 904. 70 + 31. 73](0. 1)
2
10 + 𝐻𝑃 = 23. 99 + 20 + [1118. 97](0. 1)
𝐻𝑃 = 45. 18 𝑚
Since head loss for the pump has been calculated, it can then be plugged in to the Work equation
for pumps.

γ𝑄𝐻𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 (9810)(0.85)(0.1)(45.18)
Ẇ= η𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
= 0.65
= 57958. 99 𝑊 = 57. 96 𝑘𝑊

Conclusion
In conclusion, if the efficiency of the pump decreases, the power it must exert to pump water into
the system at point 2 will have to be more than a higher efficiency rate.

This comparison shows that reducing the pump output by 75% to 65% results in an energy
requirement of about 50.22 kW to 57.96 kW to achieve the same flow rate of 100 L/s
Consequently, the pump operation improving it is necessary to reduce energy consumption and
operating costs , just as a more efficient pump requires less energy to move the same amount of
water through a given system
QUESTION # 3

Original Question
Water at 20℃ is being pumped through the three pipes in series as shown. The power delivered
to the pump is 1920 kW, and the pump efficiency is 0.82. Compute the discharge.

Figure 3.1. System of pipes in series

Table 1. Dimensions of the given parameters.

Pipe L (m) D (mm) e (mm) ΣK

1 200 1500 1 2

2 300 1000 1 0

3 120 1200 1 10

Solution
Using the Energy Equation, where the velocity head is very small and negligible:
𝑁
𝑃 𝑃 Σ𝐾 2
( γ + 𝑧) + 𝐻𝑝 = ( γ + 𝑧) + [ ∑ (𝑅𝑖 + 2 )]𝑄
𝐴 𝐴 𝑖=1 2𝑔𝐴𝑖
Σ𝐾 Σ𝐾 Σ𝐾 2
(0 + 0)𝐴 + 𝐻𝑝 = (0 + 𝑧)𝐴 + [(𝑅 + 2 ) + (𝑅 + 2 ) + (𝑅 + 2 ) ]𝑄
2𝑔𝐴 2𝑔𝐴 2𝑔𝐴
1 2 3

γ𝑄𝐻𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑊𝑝η𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
Since 𝑊𝑝 = η𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
then, 𝐻𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = γ𝑄
,

𝑊𝑝η𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 2 0 10 2
γ𝑄
= 50 + [(𝑅 + 2 2
) + (𝑅 + 2 2
) + (𝑅 + 2 2
) ]𝑄
π π π
2(9.81)( 4 ×(1.5) ) 2(9.81)( 4 ×(1) ) 2(9.81)( 4 ×(1.2) )
1 2 3
(1920×1000)(0.82) 2
9810𝑄
= 50 + [(𝑅 + 0. 0326)1 + (𝑅)2 + (𝑅 + 0. 3985)3]𝑄
Using the formula,
−2
𝐿 ⎰ ⎡ 𝑒 1 0.9⎤⎱
𝑅 = 1. 07( 5 ) 𝑙𝑛⎢0. 27( 𝐷 ) + 5. 74( 𝑅𝑒 ) ⎥⎰
𝑔𝐷 ⎱ ⎣ ⎦
Compute the resistance coefficients assuming that the Reynolds number is a very high number:
−2
𝑅1 = 1. 07(
200𝑚
2
9.81𝑚/𝑠 (1.5𝑚)
5 {
⎣
1𝑚𝑚
) 𝑙𝑛⎡0. 27( 1500𝑚𝑚 )⎤
⎦ } = 0. 0386 𝑠 /𝑚
2 5

−2
𝑅1 = 1. 07(
300𝑚
2
9.81𝑚/𝑠 (1𝑚)
5 {
) 𝑙𝑛⎡0. 27( 1000𝑚𝑚 )⎤
⎣ ⎦
1𝑚𝑚
} = 0. 4846 𝑠 /𝑚
2 5

−2
𝑅1 = 1. 07(
120𝑚
2
9.81𝑚/𝑠 (1.2𝑚)
5 {
⎣
1𝑚𝑚
) 𝑙𝑛⎡0. 27( 1200𝑚𝑚 )⎤
⎦ } = 0. 0746 𝑠 /𝑚
2 5

Hence,
(1920×1000)(0.82) 2
9810𝑄
= 50 + [(0. 0386 + 0. 0326)1 + (0. 4846)2 + (0. 0746 + 0. 3985)3]𝑄
160.4893 2
𝑄
= 50 + [1. 0289]𝑄
3
160. 4893 = 50𝑄 + [1. 0289]𝑄

To solve for Q using Newton-Raphson Method, first identify the interval from the equation:

F(Qi) = 160.4893 - 50Q - 1.0289Q3

Table 2. Computation for the interval of the root of the equation.

Qi Qi+1 F(Qi) F(Qi+1) Product

0 1 160.489 109.460 17567.223

1 2 109.460 52.258 5720.193

2 3 52.258 -17.291 -903.595

3 4 -17.291 -105.360 1821.785

The interval with a negative product contains the root of the equation, hence the initial value for
the Newton-Raphson iteration will come from this. To start the iteration, it is necessary to know
that the method uses the first derivative of the original equation, hence:

F(Qi) = 160.4893 - 50Q - 1.0289Q3

F’(Qi) = - 50Q - 1.0289Q3

The method substitutes the Q value to both equations then calculates for the next Q value by:
𝐹 (𝑄1)
𝑄2 = 𝑄1 − 𝐹' (𝑄1)
The iteration only stops once the computed |Q1 - Q2| is less than the suggested percent difference
of 0.05% or 0.0005.

Table 3. Newton-Raphson Method for obtaining the value of Q.

Iteration # Q1 F(Q1) F’(Q1) Q2 |Q1 - Q2|

1 2.00000 52.25810 -62.34680 2.83818 0.83818
2 2.83818 -4.94303 -74.86426 2.77216 0.06603
3 2.77216 -0.03790 -73.72085 2.77164 0.00051
4 2.77164 0.00000 -73.71205 2.77164 0.00000

The final Q value is 2.7716 m3/s. This can also be solved by using the shift solve function of the
calculator.

Manipulation: Maintaining a similar amount of discharge, what happens to the power required
when the pump efficiency is increased to 0.90 and the elevation decreased to 30m.

Solution
𝑁
𝑃 𝑃 Σ𝐾 2
( γ + 𝑧) + 𝐻𝑝 = ( γ + 𝑧) + [ ∑ (𝑅𝑖 + 2 )]𝑄
𝐴 𝐴 𝑖=1 2𝑔𝐴𝑖
Σ𝐾 Σ𝐾 Σ𝐾 2
(0 + 0)𝐴 + 𝐻𝑝 = (0 + 𝑧)𝐴 + [(𝑅 + 2 ) + (𝑅 + 2 ) + (𝑅 + 2 ) ]𝑄
2𝑔𝐴 2𝑔𝐴 2𝑔𝐴
1 2 3
𝑊𝑝η𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 2
γ𝑄
= 30 + [(0. 0386 + 0. 0326)1 + (0. 4846)2 + (0. 0746 + 0. 3985)3]𝑄
(𝑊𝑝)(0.90) 2
(9810 )(2.7716 )
= 30 + [1. 0289](2. 7716 )
(𝑊𝑝)(0. 90) = 1, 030, 580. 602 𝑊
𝑊𝑝 = 1, 145, 089. 558 𝑊
𝑊𝑝 = 1, 145 𝑘𝑊 (40.36%)

With a very huge difference in the power required (decreased by 40.36%) another manipulation
will make the observation more accurate.

Manipulation: Maintaining a similar amount of discharge, what happens to the power required
when the pump efficiency is increased to 0.90 and the elevation decreased to 45m.

(𝑊𝑝)(0.90) 2
(9810 )(2.7716 )
= 45 + [1. 0289](2. 7716 )
(𝑊𝑝)(0. 90) = 1, 438, 421. 542 𝑊
𝑊𝑝 = 1, 598, 246. 158 𝑊
𝑊𝑝 = 1, 598 𝑘𝑊 (16.77%)
The new manipulation resulted in a decrease of 16.77% to the required power.

Conclusion
A mere increase in the efficiency of the pump results in a high decrease to the required power
which indicates less use of energy and cost to sustain a pipe system. It is clear that a drop in
elevation would require less power from the pump, however, even when the drop in elevation
was significantly low— at 5m only in the second manipulation, the results still gave a significant
decrease in the required power. Hence, through this manipulation, it is clear that the most
important thing to prioritize in order to create an efficient system both cost-wise and energy-wise
is to make sure that the pumps have high efficiency.
QUESTION # 4

Find the distribution of flow and the drop in hydraulic grade line for the three-parallel pipe
−6 2
arrangement shown. Use variable friction factors with 𝑣 = 10 𝑚 /𝑠. The total water discharge
3
is 𝑄 = 0. 020 𝑚 /𝑠.

3
If the total water discharge increased to 𝑄 = 0. 035 𝑚 /𝑠, what will the new distribution of flow
be?

Figure 4. Illustrative Diagram of Systems of Pipes in Parallel

Table 4. Dimensions of given pipe parameters

Pipe L (m) D (m) 𝑒 (m) Σ𝐾

1 100 0.05 0.1 10

2 150 0.075 0.2 3
3 200 0.085 0.1 2

Solution
In the iterative procedure of parallel piping systems, it is initially a step to compute for the
friction factors in each line using:

𝑒 −2
𝑓 = 1. 325{𝑙𝑛[0. 27( 𝐷 )]}

𝑒1 0.1 𝑒3 0.1
𝐷1
= (0.05)(1000)
= 0. 0020 𝐷3
= (0.085)(1000)
= 0. 0012
𝑒2 0.2 −2
= = 0. 0027 𝑓1 = 1. 325{𝑙𝑛[0. 27(0. 0020)]} = 0. 0234
𝐷2 (0.075)(1000)
 −2 −2
𝑓2 = 1. 325{𝑙𝑛[0. 27(0. 0027)]} = 0. 0254 𝑓3 = 1. 325{𝑙𝑛[0. 27(0. 0012)]} = 0. 0205

Thereafter, 𝑅𝑖 can now be solved for each pipe and evaluate W using the following formula:

𝑄 2 8𝑓𝑖 [𝐿𝑖+(𝐿𝑒)𝑖] 𝐷𝑖
𝑊= ( 𝑁 ) , where 𝑅𝑖 = 2 5 and (𝐿𝑒)𝑖 = 𝑓𝑖
Σ𝐾
1 𝑔π 𝐷𝑖
∑
𝑖=1 𝑅

𝐷1 0.05 8(0.0234)[100+21.37] 2 5
(𝐿𝑒)1 = Σ𝐾 = (10) = 21. 37 𝑚 𝑅1 = 2 5 = 750912. 75 𝑠 /𝑚
𝑓1 0.0234 9.81(π )(0.05 )
8(0.0254)[150+8.86] 2 5
𝐷2 0.075 𝑅2 = 2 5 = 140494. 25 𝑠 /𝑚
(𝐿𝑒)2 = Σ𝐾 = (3) = 8. 86 𝑚 9.81(π )(0.075 )
𝑓2 0.0254

𝐷3 8(0.0205)[200+8.29] 2 5
(𝐿𝑒)3 = Σ𝐾 =
0.085
= 8. 29 𝑚 𝑅3 = 2 5 = 79516. 00 𝑠 /𝑚
𝑓3 0.0205 9.81(π )(0.085 )

𝑄 2 0.035 2
𝑊= ( 𝑁 ) = ( 1 1 1 ) = 22. 56 𝑚
1 + +
∑ 750912.75 140494.25 79516
𝑖=1 𝑅

In each pipe, Q is computed using the computed values above.

𝑊
𝑄𝑖 =
𝑅𝑖

22.56 3
𝑄1 = 750912.75
= 0. 0055 𝑚 /𝑠

22.56 3
𝑄2 = 140494.25
= 0. 0127 𝑚 /𝑠

22.56 3
𝑄3 = 79516
= 0. 0168 𝑚 /𝑠

Taking the summation of all values of Q in each pipe:

3
3
𝑄 = ∑ 𝑄𝑖 = 0. 0055 + 0. 0127 + 0. 0168 = 0. 035 𝑚 /𝑠
𝑖=1

Value of all summation of Q values is equal to the given total discharge in the problem
manipulation.
Conclusion
In this problem, it is evident that the value of W increased when the flowrate increased from
0.020 to 0.035.

When comparing the total discharge rates, it becomes evident that an increase in the discharge
rate results in a higher head loss, W. This is because the head loss in a piping system is directly
proportional to the square of the flow rate. Therefore, as the total discharge increases, the power
required to pump the fluid also increases, which is reflected in the higher values of W and
subsequently the increased flow rates through each pipe.

In conclusion, the analysis highlights the direct relationship between the total discharge rate and
the head loss in a parallel piping system. An increase in the discharge rate leads to a significant
increase in head loss, necessitating more power to maintain the same flow conditions.
Understanding this relationship is crucial for designing efficient pumping systems and managing
energy consumption in fluid transport applications.
QUESTION # 5

Find the water flow distribution in the parallel system shown, and the required pumping power if
the discharge through the pump is Q = 3 m³/s. The pump efficiency is 0.75. Assume Constant
friction factors.

If the discharge pump were doubled (Q = 6 m³/s), how much pumping power would it need to
pump out the doubled discharge value with a pump efficiency of 0.75?

Solution
Determine the friction factor. However, it was already given, so skip in computing R

𝐷𝑖
(𝐿𝑒) = 𝑓𝑖
∑𝐾 (eqn. 1)
𝑖

Step 2.1
1.2
(𝐿𝑒) = ( 0.015 ) (2) = 160 𝑚
1
1
(𝐿𝑒) = ( 0.020 ) (3) = 150 𝑚
2
0.5
(𝐿𝑒) = ( 0.018 ) (2) = 55. 556 𝑚
3
0.75
(𝐿𝑒) = ( 0.021 ) (4) = 142. 857 𝑚
4
Step 2.2

After determining each length per pipe, substitute the equations to eqn. 2 in order to find the 𝑅𝑖
for each pipe

8𝑓𝑖[𝐿𝑖 + (𝐿𝑒) ]
𝑅𝑖 = 5
𝑖
(eqn. 2)
𝑔π²𝐷𝑖

2
8(0.015)[100 + 160] 𝑠
𝑅1 = 5 = 0. 129503 5
(9.81)(π²)(1.2) 𝑚
2
8(0.020)[1000 + 150] 𝑠
𝑅2 = 5 = 1. 900418 5
(9.81)(π²)(1) 𝑚
2
8(0.018)[1500 + 55.556] 𝑠
𝑅3 = 5 = 74. 033685 5
(9.81)(π²)(0.5) 𝑚
2
8(0.021)[800 + 142.857] 𝑠
𝑅4 = 5 = 6. 894139 5
(9.81)(π²)(0.75) 𝑚

Step 2.3

After getting the 𝑅𝑖 for each pipe, sum up all of the pipes that are in the parallel system, then get
the average, combining into one working pipe.

𝑄
𝑊 = ( 𝑁 )² (eqn. 3)
1
∑
𝑖=1 𝑅𝑖

6
𝑊 = ( 1 1 1 )² = 24. 089290 𝑚
+ +
1.900418 74.033685 6.894139

Step 3

Upon getting the combined working pipe of the parallel system, determine each flowrate of the
pipe. Additionally, this could do a continuity check to prove the flowrates are equal to the
original discharge.

𝑊
𝑄𝑖 = (eqn. 4)
𝑅𝑖

3
24.089290 𝑚
𝑄2 = 1.900418
= 3. 560307 𝑠
 3
24.089290 𝑚
𝑄3 = 74.033685
= 0. 570423 𝑠

3
24.089290 𝑚
𝑄4 = 6.894139
= 1. 869270 𝑠

Continuity Check:
3 3
𝑚
𝑄 = ∑ 𝑄𝑖 = 0. 129503 + 3. 560307 + 0. 570423 + 1. 869270 = 6. 129503 𝑠
𝑖=1
3 3
𝑚 𝑚
𝑄 = 6. 129503 𝑠
≈ 6. 0 𝑠

For Pumping Power, utilize the Energy Equation from point A to B:

𝑁 ∑𝐾
𝑝 𝑝 2
( γ + 𝑧) + 𝐻𝑃 = ( γ + 𝑧) + [ ∑ (𝑅𝑖 + 2 ) ]𝑄
𝐴 𝐵 𝑖=1 2𝑔𝐴𝑖

𝑝 𝑝 2
( γ + 𝑧) + 𝐻𝑃 = ( γ + 𝑧) + 𝑅1𝑄1 + 20
𝐴 𝐵

2
𝐻𝑃 = 𝑊 + 𝑅1𝑄1 + 20
2
𝐻𝑃 = 24. 089290 + 0. 129503(6) + 20
𝐻𝑃 = 48. 751398 𝑚

γ𝑄𝐻𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 (9810)(6)(48.751398)
Ẇ𝑃 = η𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝
= 0.75
= 3826009. 715 𝑊 = 3826. 009715 𝑘𝑊

Ẇ𝑃 = 3. 826 𝑀𝑊

Conclusion
The pumping power was significantly increased due to the discharge being doubled the power
required was almost tripled the required power, unlike the previous discharge of 3 m³/s.
Additionally, the flowrate of each pipe, series to parallel pipes, was proved through a continuity
check. Despite having a discrepancy due to the decimal places upon rounding it up, the final
result will still be 6.0 m³/s. Hence, changing the parameter of discharge in the equation will be
directly proportional, subsequently having a possible major significant pumping power required.