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SANCHEZ Assignment#1

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15 views

SANCHEZ Assignment#1

Uploaded by

Jericho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Jericho A.

Sanchez

BSEE-3A

AC generators, commonly known as alternators, comprise several key components and


construction methods. The stator, made of a laminated steel core with slots for the armature winding,
is important in generating alternating voltage, typically in a three-phase configuration. The armature
winding, securely braced within a rigid frame, is designed for high-voltage applications. Alternators
feature either a revolving armature or revolving field configuration for the field, with the latter
preferred due to its simplicity. Cooling systems are added to manage heat generated during operation,
often through stator core designs with air passages or cooling ducts. Maintaining a constant
synchronous speed is essential, dictating the frequency of the generated electromotive force, and
alternators are constructed and optimized to ensure this consistency.

The frequency of an AC generator depends primarily on two factors, the speed of rotation and
the number of pairs of poles. First, the frequency of the generated current is directly linked to the
speed of rotation of the generator. This relationship occurs from the alteration in the electromotive
force direction within the stationary armature winding as the poles of the alternator revolve,
completing one positive and negative pulse, or cycle, per revolution. Then the number of pairs of poles
in the generator also influences the frequency, with the frequency per revolution proportional to this
number. Specifically, the frequency per revolution equals the number of pairs of poles.

The generated voltage of an AC generator is influenced by load magnitude, power factor,


resistance drop in the armature circuit, change in flux, reactance voltage drop, and armature reaction.
Load magnitude affects voltage stability, while the power factor determines voltage variations.

The pitch factor affects the generated voltage of an alternator by adjusting the voltage based
on the coil pitch. For a fractional-pitch winding, where the coil pitch is less than 180 electrical degrees,
the generated voltage is reduced compared to a full-pitch winding. The pitch factor is the ratio of the
voltage generated in the fractional-pitch coil to the voltage generated in the full-pitch coil. A pitch
factor value of less than 1 reduces the calculated voltage, resulting in a lower generated voltage for
the alternator.

The distribution factor in the construction of AC generators refers to the factor by which the
generated voltage of a group of coils must be multiplied to obtain the correct value. This is necessary
because the coils are distributed in several slots under the poles instead of being concentrated in single
slots under the poles. Distributing the winding in many slots has several benefits, including improving
the shape of the voltage wave to make it approach a sinusoidal function and adding rigidity and
mechanical strength to the winding.

REFERENCE: https://pdfcoffee.com/qdownload/electrical-machines-by-siskind-2nd-ed-pdf-free.html
(page 226 - 252)

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