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8 CIVL 4171 Week Eight

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14 views23 pages

8 CIVL 4171 Week Eight

Uploaded by

Affaan Amir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CIVL 4171

Construction Engineering
Week Eight

Dr. Gary B. Hemphill, P.E.


Department of Civil Engineering
University of Memphis
Trucks and Haul Equipment

2
Trucks Can Be Classified
• Method of discharging the load – rear, bottom, side, conveyor, push plate;
• Type of frame – ridged or articulated;
• Sizes and type of engine – gasoline, diesel, biodiesel, natural gas, or propane;
• Steering – front axle or multiple forward axles (crab steering);
• Configuration of drive – all-wheel, rear-wheel, or front-wheel;
• Transmission of power – direct drive, torque converter, diesel electric;
• Class of material hauled – earth, rock, coal, ore, unclassified;
• Capacity – gravimetric (weight) or volumetric (cubic measurement)

3
Rigid-Frame Rear-Dump Trucks

On road capacity usually 12 to 15 cy because of highway weight limits.

4
Rigid-Frame Rear-Dump Trucks – Off-highway
• Normally do not have tailgate;
• Cargo floor slopes upward toward the rear – typically less than 15º;
• Floor shape perpendicular to the length of the cargo body;
• Some models flat;
• Others utilize a “V” shaped bottom to reduce shock of loading; and
help center load;
• Low sides and longer and wider;
• Typical capacities – 20 to over 250 cy or 40 to 400 tons.

5
Rigid-Frame Rear-Dump Trucks – Off-highway

6
Articulated Rear-Dump Trucks
• Designed to operate through high rolling-resistance material and in
rough terrain;
• The articulated joint and oscillating ring between the tractor and
dump body enable all wheels to maintain contact with the ground;
• Truck can move through soft or sticky ground;
• Can operate on grades up to about 35%;
• Maximum capacity is about 35 cy;
• Top speed – 35 mph;
• Dumping angle – up to 60º in 10 seconds on smaller model.

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Rear-Dump Trucks Should be Considered
• The material to be hauled is free flowing or is composed of bulking
pieces;
• Hauling units must dump into restricted locations or over the edge of
a bank or fill;
• If ample maneuver space is available at the loading and dumping
area;

9
Tractors with Bottom-Dump

• Material is free flowing;


• Bottom dump reduce time to unload and can be more uniform
placement;
• Need large clear dumping area;
• Very good for unloading into drive over hoppers;
• Difficult if discharging materials such as wet, sticky clay, especially if
large clumps.

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Side-Dump
• Free flowing material;
• Hydraulic action tips trailer box to either side;
• A curved cargo body tipped at a full 90º will allow material dump
angles of about 50º;
• Can safety place material down steep slopes maintaining a low profile
while discharging;
• Higher center-of-gravity than bottom-dump trailers;
• Economical on large projects;
• Trailer unit can have single, tandem, or even triaxles.

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Bottom-Dump and Side-Dump Can be Used
• Unrestricted loading and dump sites;
• Haul-route grades less 5 percent;
• Material to be spread uniformly across a distance.

14
Example Specifications for Large Off-Highway
Truck

15
Ties are about 35% of a truck’s operating cost. Overloading a truck
abuses tires.

16
Truck Size Comparison

17
Performance Chart for a 22-ton Rear-Dump Truck

18
Truck Production Balance Curve

19
Production Issues

• Position of each truck for loading;


• Reach of loading equipment;
• Dumping height of bucket;
• Width of bucket.

20
(TMPH) Ton-Miles-Per-Hour

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Truck Safety

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