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Electronics 2021

laser electronics foundemental

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109 views

Electronics 2021

laser electronics foundemental

Uploaded by

fatemasameeralireda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Baghdad

Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies


Admission Test 2021– 2022
Ph.D. in Laser / Electronics and Communication Engineering

Attempt all questions Time allowed: three hours

Q1) Choose the correct answer (60 marks)

1) Lasing process generally relies on :


a) Spontaneous emission.
b) Stimulated emission.
c) Photons and electrons.
d) Absorption.

2) The laser spot size at the diffraction limits is :


a) greater than the laser wavelength.
b) much larger the laser wavelength.
c) comparable to laser wavelength.
d) Shorter than the laser wavelength.

3) Visible light’s wavelength range:


a) 0.39 – 0.77 mm
b) 0.39 – 0.77 μm
c) 0.39 – 0.77 nm
d) 0.39 – 0.77 cm

4) The laser resonator is simply comprises of:


a) Two mirrors.
b) Two prisms and one grating.
c) Active medium and two mirrors.
d) mirrors and telescope.

5) In ruby laser , the host crystal is :


a) NaCl
b) MnO
c) Al2O3
d) CaCO3
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6) A 10 mW He-Ne laser beam illuminates an area of 0.1 cm2 , the irradiance is
a) 25 mW/cm2
b) 100 mW/cm2
c) 150 mW/cm2
d) 200 mW/cm2

7) The key issue(s) in developing semiconductor laser is:


a) Life time
b) Cost
c) Reproducibility
d) All the above

8) Part of the laser beam is coupled out by:


a) High reflecting mirror of the resonator
b) Output coupler of the resonator
c) Active medium of the laser system
d) Resonator filters

9) In a Q-switched laser, the energy is stored:


a) inside the active material.
b) inside the resonator.
c) outside the resonator.
d) in the power supply.

10) The optical path length of the laser resonator has to be:
a) An integer multiple of all possible wavelengths of the laser
b) An integer multiple of double possible wavelengths of the laser
c) An integer multiple of quarter possible wavelengths of the laser
d) An integer multiple of half possible wavelengths of the laser

11) In a Q-switched laser, the Q-switch acts as:


a) prism
b) shutter
c) amplifier
d) damper

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12) Any additional element inside the laser resonator is account as a:
a) Gain
b) Loss
c) Stability
d) feedback

13) Un polarized light has :


a) No specific orientation of electric field
b) specific orientation of electric field
c) No specific orientation of magnetic field
d) specific orientation of magnetic field

14) Second harmonic generation (SHG; also called frequency doubling) is a nonlinear
optical process, in which photons interacting with a nonlinear material are effectively
"combined" to form new photons with:

a) half the wavelength of the initial photons


b) double the wavelength of the initial photons
c) equal wavelength of the initial photons
d) no photons generated.

15) The line width of a laser depends strongly on:


a) the distance between the laser mirrors
b) the type of laser
c) the pumping scheme
d) the laser power supply

16) The laser beam diameter is defined as the distance across the center of the beam for
which the irradiance is equal to:
a) 1/e2 of the maximum irradiance.
b) 0.86 of the maximum irradiance.
c) 1,1 of the maximum irradiance.
d) the maximum irradiance.

17) If the laser beam is centered on an aperture of a diameter equal to the beam
diameter. The transmission of the aperture is:
a) 85%
b) 86%

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c) 86.5%
d) 100%

18) In modern laser systems, diode lasers are very common in pumping :
a) Gas lasers
b) Liquid lasers
c) Chemical lasers
d) Solid state lasers

19) The role of He in carbon dioxide lasers is to:


a) minimize the heat accumulation in the laser tube.
b) increase the absorption.
c) induce birefringence.
d) destroy the chemical bonds.

20) The operating efficiency of a CW laser is given by:


a) Input electrical power/ output power of laser beam.
b) output power of laser beam/ input electrical power X 100
c) output power of laser beam/ input electrical power
d) input electrical power/output power of laser beam X100

21) Plane-parallel optical cavity is mostly used with pulsed lasers due to:
a) maximum use of large diameter.
b) low diffraction loss.
c) easy alignment.
d) single mode operation.

22) The output of semiconductor laser is far less monochromatic than other laser types
because of:
a) their small size
b) method of excitation
c) their cleaved ends.
d) the nature of the active medium.

23) Efficiencies of ion lasers are low because:


a) They are tunable.
b) Large amount of energy is required to ionize the atoms.
c) These lasers emit in the visible region
d) Low current, low voltage devices.

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24) Laser systems with a four level scheme needs:
a) Weak pumping
b) No pumping
c) Strong pumping
d) Moderate pumping

25) Mode locking is applied to obtain ultrashort laser pulses with pulse duration in the :
a) ms range
b) µs range
c) ms-ps range
d) ps-fs range

26) Laser diodes are more convenient than flash lamps in pumping solid state lasers
because:
a) They have broad band emission
b) They have narrow band emission
c) They are cheap
d) They have poor beam quality

27) Diode lasers allow very high output powers with


a) M2 =1
b) Bad beam quality
c) high loss
d) low efficiency

28) The average output power from a Q-switched laser has a pulse repetition rate of 100
kHz and a pulse energy of 10 mJ is:
a) 1 KW
b) 200 MW
c) 600 kW
d) 100 kW

29) The arrangement of the active medium with a suitable pump without mirrors is called:
a) laser amplifier
b) laser oscillator
c) laser gain
d) laser system

30) The laser resonator is called stable resonator when:


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a) the beam size grows without limit
b) the beam size is constant
c) the resonator mirrors are curved
d) the laser is four level

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