hat is Carbon Monoxide?

Carbon monoxide, or “CO,” is an odorless, colorless gas

that can kill you.

Carbon monoxide detector

Where is CO found?

CO is found in fumes produced any time you burn fuel in cars

or trucks, small engines, stoves, lanterns, grills, fireplaces, gas
ranges, or furnaces. CO can build up indoors and poison
people and animals who breathe it.
What are the symptoms of CO poisoning?

The most common symptoms of CO poisoning are headache,

dizziness, weakness, upset stomach, vomiting, chest pain, and
confusion. CO symptoms are often described as “flu-like.” If
you breathe in a lot of CO it can make you pass out or kill you.
People who are sleeping or drunk can die from CO poisoning
before they have symptoms.
Who is at risk from CO poisoning?

Everyone is at risk for CO poisoning. Infants, the elderly,

people with chronic heart disease, anemia, or breathing
problems are more likely to get sick from CO. Each year, more
than 400 Americans die from unintentional CO poisoning not
linked to fires, more than 100,000 visit the emergency room,
and more than 14,000 are hospitalized.

Have your heating system serviced annually

How can I prevent CO poisoning in my home?

 Install a battery-operated or battery back-up CO detector

in your home. Check or replace the detector’s battery
when you change the time on your clocks each spring and
fall. Place your detector where it will wake you up if it
alarms, such as outside your bedroom. Consider buying a
detector with a digital readout. This detector can tell you
the highest level of CO concentration in your home in
addition to alarming. Replace your CO detector every five
years.
 Have your heating system, water heater, and any other
gas, oil, or coal burning appliances serviced by a qualified
technician every year.
 Do not use portable flameless chemical heaters indoors.
 If you smell an odor from your gas refrigerator have an
expert service it. An odor from your gas refrigerator can
mean it could be leaking CO.
 When you buy gas equipment, buy only equipment
carrying the seal of a national testing agency, such as
Underwriters’ Laboratories.
 Make sure your gas appliances are vented properly.
Horizontal vent pipes for appliances, such as a water
heater, should go up slightly as they go toward outdoors,
as shown below. This prevents CO from leaking if the
joints or pipes aren’t fitted tightly.
 Have your chimney checked or cleaned every year.
Chimneys can be blocked by debris. This can cause CO to
build up inside your home or cabin.
 Never patch a vent pipe with tape, gum, or something
else. This kind of patch can make CO build up in your
home, cabin, or camper.
 Never use a gas range or oven for heating. Using a gas
range or oven for heating can cause a build up of CO
inside your home, cabin, or camper.
 Never burn charcoal indoors. Burning charcoal – red,
gray, black, or white – gives off CO.
 Never use a portable gas camp stove indoors. Using a gas
camp stove indoors can cause CO to build up inside your
home, cabin, or camper.
 Never use a generator inside your home, basement, or
garage or less than 20 feet from any window, door, or
vent.
 When using a generator, use a battery-powered or
battery backup CO detector in your home.
How can I avoid CO poisoning from my car or truck?
  Have a mechanic check the exhaust system of your car or
truck every year. A small leak in the exhaust system can
lead to a build up of CO inside the car.
 Never run your car or truck inside a garage that is
attached to a house even with the garage door open.
Always open the door to a detached garage to let in fresh
air when you run a car or truck inside.
 If you drive a car or SUV with a tailgate, when you open
the tailgate open the vents or windows to make sure air is
moving through. If only the tailgate is open CO from the
exhaust will be pulled into the car or SUV.
What is carbon monoxide poisoning?

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a life-threatening illness that happens

after breathing in fumes that contain carbon monoxide (CO). When
high levels of CO enter your body, it can be deadly after only a few
minutes. The most common symptoms of CO poisoning are a
headache and shortness of breath. Contact emergency services
immediately if you suspect you have CO exposure.
What is carbon monoxide?

Carbon monoxide is an invisible, colorless and odorless gas produced

when gasoline and other fuels burn (combustion). You can’t smell or
taste it. CO can build up quickly and is dangerous at high levels.
Where does carbon monoxide come from?

Carbon monoxide is a byproduct of burning or the process of

combustion. It’s made from:

 Car and truck engines.

 Small gasoline engines.
 Fuel-burning space heaters (not electric).
 Gas stoves or ranges.
  Grills.
 Lanterns.
 Heating systems, including home furnaces.
 Burning charcoal, kerosene, propane or wood.
How long does it take to get carbon monoxide poisoning?

In high concentrations of carbon monoxide, it can take fewer than five

minutes to get carbon monoxide poisoning. Under lower
concentrations, it can take an hour to two hours to cause poisoning.
How common is carbon monoxide poisoning?

Each year in the United States, accidental carbon monoxide poisoning

kills more than 400 people. Carbon monoxide poisoning also sends an
additional 100,000 people to emergency rooms annually.
Symptoms and Causes

What are the signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

Early warning signs of carbon monoxide poisoning include:

 A mild headache.
 Nausea.
 Shortness of breath.

Moderate exposure to carbon monoxide can cause the following

symptoms:

 Chest pain.
 Dizziness and weakness.
 Fainting (loss of consciousness).
 Loss of muscle coordination.
 Mental confusion.
 Severe headache.
 Upset stomach, nausea and vomiting.
If you notice any warning signs or symptoms, go outside immediately
and contact 911 or your local emergency services number. Don’t stay
indoors to call for help. If you’re unable to get outdoors safely, open a
window or door and stay by the open window or door while calling for
help.
Can you have delayed symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?

At low levels, carbon monoxide fumes may cause symptoms that don’t
take an immediate effect on your body. These fumes are still toxic and
can cause serious harm to your body the longer you breathe them in.
Contact emergency services if you suspect you have exposure to
carbon monoxide.
What causes carbon monoxide poisoning?

Inhaling carbon monoxide fumes causes carbon monoxide poisoning.

When inside your lungs, carbon monoxide can prevent oxygen from
reaching your bloodstream.

Many appliances and vehicles burn fuel and emit (release) carbon
monoxide. When people use and maintain these appliances correctly,
the CO levels usually aren’t harmful. CO poisoning happens when
fuel-burning appliances run without proper ventilation. For example, it
can be dangerous if you:

 Let your car or truck idle in an enclosed space, like a garage.

 Have a vehicle with a blocked exhaust system, such as by snow
in the tailpipe.
 Use a kerosene heater or gas barbecue grill indoors.
 Q1

 What is meant by the term buoyancy?

 Buoyancy is the property of liquid to exert an upward force on a body
immersed in it.
 Q2

 Define upthrust?
 Upthrust is also known as the buoyant force. It is the upward force
acting on a body when it is partially or fully immersed in a liquid.
 Q3

 Why is a force needed to keep a block of wood inside

water?
 An upward force, an upthrust is required to keep a block of wood in
water as the upthrust due to water on the block when it is completely
submerged is much more than its weight.
 Q4

 State Archimedes’ principle?

 Archimedes’ principle states that when a body is immersed partially or
completely in a liquid, it experiences an upthrust which is equal to the
weight of the liquid displaced by it.
 Q5

 Define the term density?

 The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume, i.e., the density
of a substance
 Q6

 What is the unit of relative density?

 Relative density is no unit.