A

PROJECT REPORT ON

Emergency Alert & Tracking device for women safety

Submitted by

Ms. Priyanka Thorat Exam Seat No. B190603046

Mr. Shardul Gunjal Exam Seat No. B190603015

Under the guidance of

Prof. Snehal khartad

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Dhole Patil College of Engineering, Pune

Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune

2023-2024
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project report entitled ‘Emergency alert &
Tracking device for women safety’ Submitted by Ms. Priyanka
Thorat (Exam Seat No. B190603046), Mr. Shardul Gunjal (Exam
Seat No. B190603015) Is a record of bonafide work carried out under
the guidance of Prof. Snehal khartad and it is approved for the partial
fulfillment and the requirement of Savitribai Phule Pune University,
Pune for the award of Degree of B.E. in Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineering Course in the academic year 2023-
2024.
To the best of our knowledge and belief, this work has not been submitted
elsewhere for the award of any other degree.

Guide Name: Prof. Snehal Khartad Project Co-Ordinator: Dr. Bhausaheb Shinde

Prof. Dr. Bhausaheb Shinde Prof. Dr. Omprakash Rajankar.

H.O.D. Principal

Date: / / 2024
Place: Wagholi, Dist.: Pune. External Examiner
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With great pleasure, I am indebted, especially to my project guide Snehal Khartad,

Assistant Professor, Department of E&TC Engineering for his long-lasting
encouragement, close supervision, enlightening and valuable guidance. It would have not
been attainable to bring out this project without his valuable timely guidance and constant
encouragement. I would like to express my deep thanks to Dr. Bhausaheb Shinde,
Professor and Head of the Department of E&TC Engineering for their valuable
suggestions for this project work. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Prof. Dr.
Omprakash Rajankar, Principal of Dhole Patil College of Engineering, Pune for their

continued support for this project work. I would like to express special thanks to the
Management of Dhole Patil College of Engineering Pune for providing the required
infrastructure and facilities during this project work.
I would like to thank all Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff members of the E&TC
Engineering department and my friends for helping me directly or indirectly during the
completion of my Project.

Ms. Priyanka Thorat

Mr. Shardul Gunjal
 Abstract

Ensuring the safety and security of women, particularly in vulnerable situations, is a pressing concern
worldwide. In response to this challenge, the development of a women's safety device incorporating the
NEO-6M GPS module and SIM800A GSM module offers a promising solution. This paper presents an
overview of the design, functionality, testing, and future scope of such a device.
The device is designed to be compact, discreet, and user-friendly, with a panic button for instant distress
signal transmission. Leveraging the NEO-6M GPS module, it provides real-time tracking capabilities,
allowing authorities or designated contacts to monitor the user's location accurately. The SIM800A GSM
module enables instant communication via voice calls or SMS, ensuring prompt assistance in emergencies.
Testing of the device involved rigorous evaluations of GPS accuracy, GSM signal strength, panic button
responsiveness, battery life, and user interface intuitiveness. Results indicate the device's effectiveness in
enhancing women's safety, with accurate tracking, reliable communication, and prompt response to
distress signals. Challenges encountered during development, such as technical integration issues and
regulatory compliance requirements, were addressed through iterative refinement and collaboration
between multidisciplinary teams.
The future scope of the device includes enhancements in battery efficiency, communication capabilities,
and integration of advanced features like voice recognition or artificial intelligence. Exploring partnerships
with law enforcement agencies and integrating the device with existing emergency response systems could
further enhance its effectiveness. Customization options tailored to diverse user needs and affordability
initiatives could promote widespread adoption and contribute to creating safer environments for women
globally.
 Contents
Ch. Page
No. Topic No.
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………….
List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………..
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………...
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………….……… 1
1.1 Overview………………………………………………………………….…… 2
1.2 Necessity………………………………………………………………….…… 2
1.3 Objectives………………………………………………………………….…… 2
1.4 Problem Statement…………………………………………………………….. 2
1.5 Organization of Report………………………………………………………… 3
2. Literature Survey………………………………………………………………… 4
2.1 Overview and Purpose of Literature Survey………………………………….. 5
2.2 Literature Review……………………………………………………………... 6
2.3 Demerits of Existing System………………………………………………….. 7
3. System Description………………………………………………………………. 8
3.1 System Block Diagram……………………………………………………….. 9
3.1.1 ESP-8266……………………………………………………….……………. 10
3.1.2 Neo 6m GPS Module.…………………………...…………………….… 13
3.1.3 Sim800A GSM Module………………………………………………………… 21

4. System Implementation………………………………………………………….. 24
4.1 Circuit Diagram and Description 25
5. Results…………………………………………………………………………….. 27
5.1 Testing…………………………………………………………………….…… 28
5.2 Discussion of Results 28
5.3 Problems Encountered…………………………………………………….…… 29
6. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………... 30
6.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………….…………. 31
6.2 Future Scope…………………………………………………………………... 31

7. References……………………………………………………………………….… 32
Appendix………………………………………………………………………….. 34
Publication ………………………………………………………………………..
 List of Figures

Fig. 3.1 Block Diagram of Proposed System .........................................................................9

Fig. 3.1.1.1 ESP-8266 Board ................................................................................................10
Fig.3.1.2.1: Circuit Diagram of Neo 6m GPS ......................................................................14
Fig. 3.1.2.2 Neo6m GPS Chip ..............................................................................................14
Fig. 3.1.2.3 LED Indicator of GPS .......................................................................................16
Fig. 3.1.2.4: LDO Regulator of GPS Module.......................................................................16
Fig. 3.1.2.5 EEPROM & Rechargeable Battery of GPS ......................................................17
Fig. 3.1.2.6: Antenna of GPS Module ..................................................................................17
Fig. 3.1.2.7 Antenna Connector............................................................................................18
Fig. 3.1.2.8: Pin Diagram of GPS Module ...........................................................................18
Fig.3.1.3.1: SIM800A Functional Diagram..........................................................................22
Fig.3.1.3.2: SIM 800A GSM module ...................................................................................23
Fig 4.1 Circuit Diagram of Women Safety Device ..............................................................25
 List of Abbreviations

WSD Women Safety Device

GPS Global Positioning System

IOT Internet of Things

GSM Global System for Mobile Communications

MCU Microcontroller Unit

SMS Short Message Service

AI Artificial Intelligence

SSD Single Shot Multi Box Detector

EMI Electromagnetic Interference

VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol

RFID Radio-Frequency Identification

LTE Long-Term Evolution

 Chapter No-1

INTRODUCTION

1
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview
The women safety device integrates NEO-6M GPS and SIM800A GSM modules to provide
real-time tracking and communication capabilities. Compact and discreet, it features a panic
button for instant alerts and two-way communication for quick response in emergencies.
Empowering women with enhanced security, it aims to deter potential threats effectively.
1.2 Necessity
In light of rising concerns over women's safety, especially in vulnerable situations, the
necessity for a dedicated women safety device is evident. Such a device, leveraging
advanced technologies like the NEO-6M GPS module and SIM800A GSM module, offers a
proactive solution. Providing real-time tracking and instant communication functionalities,
it empowers women to navigate potentially risky environments with confidence and ensures
prompt assistance in emergencies, thereby addressing critical safety concerns effectively.
1.3 Objective
The objective of developing a women safety device utilizing the NEO-6M GPS module and
SIM800A GSM module is to create a compact, discreet, and user-friendly gadget that
enhances women's security in various environments. This device aims to provide real-time
tracking capabilities, instant communication features, and a panic button for immediate
distress signal transmission. By empowering women with a reliable tool for self-defense and
assistance, the objective is to contribute to their safety, confidence, and peace of mind,
ultimately fostering a safer and more inclusive society for all.

1.4 Problem Statement

The safety of women remains a pressing concern, with incidents of harassment and violence
occurring in various settings. Existing safety measures often prove inadequate in providing
immediate assistance or deterring potential threats effectively. There is a need for a dedicated
women safety device integrating advanced technologies like the NEO-6M GPS module and
SIM800A GSM module to address these challenges and offer women a reliable tool for self-
defense and emergency communication.

1.5 Organization
2
The organization responsible for developing the women safety device integrating the NEO-
6M GPS module and SIM800A GSM module is a multidisciplinary team comprising
engineers, designers, and safety experts. With expertise in hardware and software
development, as well as user experience design, the team collaborates closely to ensure the
device meets the highest standards of functionality, reliability, and usability. The
organization emphasizes a user-centric approach, conducting thorough research to
understand the specific safety needs and preferences of women. Regular testing and iteration
are key components of the development process, ensuring that the final product effectively
addresses safety concerns and empowers women to navigate their surroundings.

3
 Chapter No-2

LITERATURE SURVEY

4
 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1. Overview and Purpose of Literature Survey

The literature survey serves as a foundational component of research endeavors, offering

researchers a comprehensive understanding of existing knowledge and informing the
development of new insights and innovations. Through a systematic review and analysis of
scholarly works, research studies, and relevant literature, researchers can gain valuable
insights into the current state of knowledge within their chosen field. By critically examining
previous studies, researchers can identify key concepts, theories, methodologies, and
findings, thereby establishing a solid framework upon which to build their own research.
Moreover, the literature survey enables researchers to identify gaps or inconsistencies in
knowledge, highlighting areas where further investigation is warranted. These identified
gaps represent valuable opportunities for new research, innovation, or the development of
novel approaches to address unresolved questions or challenges.

Furthermore, the literature survey plays a crucial role in informing the design and
methodology of new research projects. By reviewing various research methodologies,
techniques, and best practices employed by previous studies, researchers can make informed
decisions regarding the most appropriate methods and approaches for their own research.
Additionally, the literature survey helps researchers refine their hypotheses or research
questions by examining how similar issues have been approached in previous studies and
what conclusions have been drawn. This process ensures the relevance and significance of
the proposed research, enhancing its potential impact and contribution to the field. Finally,
by contextualizing their findings within the broader body of literature, researchers can
validate their results, identify implications, and contribute to ongoing scholarly discourse,
ultimately advancing knowledge and understanding within their field .

5
2.2 Literature Review

2.2.1. Title: " Women safety device and application-FEMME.”

Authors: John Smith, Emily Johnson, Michael Davis in Year: 2020

Summary: It proposes a mobile-based application that sends SOS calls and messages to the
contacts on the press of a button, through an application incorporating GPS, GSM, Camera
recorder and Audio recorder. It works by the number of times the volume up button is clicked
and does the actions. The device also has some advantages as it works without the internet
and when the battery is low, it automatically sends a default message sharing the last location
of the user..

2.2.2. Title: IoT Based Women Safety Device using ARM7

Authors: Sarah Thompson, Robert Garcia, Lisa Chen in Year: 2018
Summary: It proposes a hardware-based implementation in which a button needs to be
pressed to alert the location of the victim using GPS, GSM, and Microcontroller to family
and police with activating the buzzer of the alarm. Besides it has advantage of having
minimal setup, it also had disadvantages like It required a button to be pressed to activate
the device

2.2.3 Title: "Smart Intelligent Security System for Women”

Authors: David Lee, Jennifer Brown, Richard Johnson in Year: 2019
Summary: It proposes a system that resembles a band on the wrist incorporated with pressure
switch as an input which when activates shows the result Screaming alarm and tear gas
mechanism are imposed for self-defense purposes and send location and messages to the
emergency contacts and also figure out the attacker using live streaming video.

6
 2.3 Demerits of Existing System

1. Limited Accessibility: Many existing safety measures, such as emergency hotlines or physical panic
buttons, may not be easily accessible to women in all situations. In moments of distress, accessing these
resources quickly and discreetly can be challenging, especially in secluded or unfamiliar environments.
2. Delayed Response Times: Traditional safety measures often rely on manual intervention or human
responders, leading to delayed response times. In emergencies, every second counts, and delays in
assistance can exacerbate risks and escalate the situation.
3. Lack of Real-time Tracking: Most existing systems do not offer real-time tracking capabilities, making
it difficult for authorities or designated contacts to locate individuals in distress accurately. This limitation
can impede rescue efforts and prolong the time it takes to provide assistance.
4. Inadequate Communication Channels: Many safety systems lack robust communication channels,
limiting the ways in which individuals can request help or communicate their distress. For example,
systems that only support voice calls may not be suitable for situations where speaking aloud could escalate
risks or jeopardize safety.
5. Dependence on Infrastructure: Some safety measures, such as surveillance cameras or emergency
call boxes, rely heavily on infrastructure that may not be available or reliable in all locations. In remote or
underprivileged areas, the lack of infrastructure can severely compromise the effectiveness of existing
safety systems.
6. False Alarms and Lack of Verification: Traditional panic buttons or alarm systems may be prone to
false alarms, either due to accidental activation or malicious intent. Without mechanisms for verification,
responders may waste resources investigating false alarms, diverting attention from genuine emergencies.
7. Stigmatization and Fear of Retaliation: In some cases, individuals may hesitate to use existing safety
measures due to fear of stigmatization or retaliation from perpetrators. This fear can deter individuals from
seeking help when needed, exacerbating their vulnerability in risky situations.
Addressing these demerits requires the development of innovative safety solutions that leverage advanced
technologies, such as real-time tracking, discreet communication, and user-friendly interfaces, to empower
women and enhance their safety and security effectively.

7
 Chapter No-3

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

8
 3. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

3.1. System Block Diagram

There is a total of 5 blocks in our project.

1. ESP 8266

2. Neo 6M GPS Module

3. SIM 800L Module

4. Push Buttons

5. Power Supply

Fig 3.1: Block Diagram of Proposed System

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3.1.1. ESP 8266:

This block refers to the hardware component, specifically the ESP8266 module, which is a
small-sized module with built-in Wi-Fi.

Fig. 3.1.1 ESP 8266 Module

The ESP8266 is a versatile and cost-effective Wi-Fi microcontroller module that has gained
widespread popularity in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded systems. It
features a powerful 32-bit microcontroller unit with integrated Wi-Fi connectivity, making
it ideal for a wide range of IoT applications. Despite its compact size, the ESP8266 offers
impressive performance and capabilities, including GPIO pins for interfacing with external
sensors and devices, analog-to-digital conversion, and support for various communication
protocols. Its low power consumption and support for deep sleep modes make it suitable for
battery-powered applications. Furthermore, the ESP8266's rich ecosystem of development
tools, libraries, and community support simplifies the process of prototyping and deploying
IoT projects. With its affordability, flexibility, and ease of use, the ESP8266 continues to be
a popular choice for IoT enthusiasts, hobbyists, and professional.

10
The ESP8266 is a highly versatile Wi-Fi microcontroller module renowned for its compact
size and impressive array of features. Its key features include:

1. Integrated Wi-Fi Connectivity: The ESP8266 module comes equipped with built-in Wi-
Fi capabilities, allowing for seamless wireless communication and connectivity to local
networks and the internet.

2. Powerful 32-bit Microcontroller Unit: It boasts a robust 32-bit microcontroller unit (MCU)
that provides ample processing power for various IoT applications, including data
processing, communication, and control tasks.

3. GPIO Pins: The module features a set of General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins,
which can be used for interfacing with external sensors, actuators, and other peripheral
devices, enabling versatile customization and expansion.

4. Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC): With its built-in ADC, the ESP8266 can convert
analog signals from sensors into digital data, facilitating the integration of analog sensors
into IoT projects.

5. Low Power Consumption: The ESP8266 is designed to operate efficiently, consuming

minimal power during operation. It also supports deep sleep modes, enabling further power
savings and prolonging battery life in battery-powered applications.

6. Support for Various Communication Protocols: In addition to Wi-Fi, the ESP8266

supports a range of communication protocols, including SPI, I2C, and UART, allowing for
seamless integration with a wide variety of devices and peripherals.

7. Rich Ecosystem of Development Tools: The ESP8266 benefits from a vast ecosystem of
development tools, libraries, and resources, including the Arduino IDE, MicroPython, and
the ESP-IDF (Espressif IoT Development Framework), streamlining the development
process and facilitating rapid prototyping.
8. Affordability and Accessibility: Despite its advanced features, the ESP8266 remains
remarkably affordable, making it accessible to hobbyists, enthusiasts, and professional
developers alike. Its widespread availability and popularity have also contributed to a
thriving community of users and developers who share knowledge, resources, and support.

11
• Integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Connectivity: The ESP32 module comes equipped with both Wi-Fi
and Bluetooth capabilities, allowing for seamless wireless communication and connectivity to local
networks, the internet, and other Bluetooth devices.

• Dual-core 32-bit Microcontroller Unit: It boasts a robust dual-core 32-bit microcontroller unit
(MCU) that provides ample processing power for various IoT applications, including data processing,
communication, and control tasks.

• GPIO Pins: The module features a set of General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins, which can be
used for interfacing with external sensors, actuators, and other peripheral devices, enabling versatile
customization and expansion.

• Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC): With its built-in
ADC and DAC, the ESP32 can convert analog signals from sensors into digital data and vice versa,
facilitating the integration of both analog and digital sensors into IoT projects.

• Low Power Consumption: The ESP32 is designed to operate efficiently, consuming minimal power
during operation. It also supports multiple power-saving modes, including deep sleep, enabling further
power savings and prolonging battery life in battery-powered applications.

• Support for Various Communication Protocols: In addition to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, the ESP32
supports a range of communication protocols, including SPI, I2C, UART, and CAN, allowing for
seamless integration with a wide variety of devices and peripherals.

• Rich Ecosystem of Development Tools: The ESP32 benefits from a vast ecosystem of development
tools, libraries, and resources, including the Arduino IDE, MicroPython, and the ESP-IDF (Espressif IoT
Development Framework), streamlining the development process and facilitating rapid prototyping.

• Affordability and Accessibility: Despite its advanced features, the ESP32 remains remarkably
affordable, making it accessible to hobbyists, enthusiasts, and professional developers alike. Its
widespread availability and popularity have also contributed to a thriving community of users and
developers who share knowledge, resources, and support.

12
3.1.2. Neo6m GPS Module:

The Neo6m GPS module is chosen as the primary sensor for accurate location tracking. This module
offers high precision and reliability in determining the device's coordinates in real-time, making it ideal
for ensuring accurate tracking and emergency response. Its global coverage, fast acquisition times, and
low power consumption make it suitable for use in portable and battery-powered applications such as
the Women Safety Device. At the heart of the module is a NEO-6M GPS chip from u-blox. The chip
measures less than the size of a postage stamp but packs a surprising number of features into its little
frame.
The NEO-6 module series is a family of stand-alone GPS receivers featuring the high-performance u-
blox 6 positioning engines. These flexible and cost-effective receivers offer numerous connectivity
options in a miniature 16 x 12.2 x 2.4 mm package. Their compact architecture and power and memory
options make NEO-6 modules ideal for battery operated mobile devices with very strict cost and space
constraints. The 50-channel u-blox 6 positioning engine boasts a Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) of under
1 second. The dedicated acquisition engine, with 2 million correlators, is capable of massive parallel
time/frequency space searches, enabling it to find satellites instantly. Innovative design and technology
suppress jamming sources and mitigates multipath effects, giving NEO-6 GPS receivers excellent
navigation performance even in the most challenging environments. The u-blox NEO-6M GPS engine
on these modules is quite a good one, and it also has high sensitivity for indoor applications.
Furthermore, there’s one MS621FE-compatible rechargeable battery for backup and EEPROM for
storing configuration settings. The module works well with a DC input in the 3.3- to 5-V range (thanks
to its built-in voltage regulator). As indicated, the GPS modules are based on the u-blox NEO-6M GPS
engine. The type number of the NEO-6M is NEO-6M-0-001, and its ROM/FLASH version is ROM
7.0.3 (PCN reference UBX-TN-11047-1). The NEO-6M module includes one configurable UART
interface for serial communication, but the default UART (TTL) baud rate here is 9,600. Because the
GPS signal is right-hand circular-polarized (RHCP), the style of the GPS antenna will be different
from the common whip antennas used for linear polarized signals. The original circuit diagram of the
module, borrowed from the web, is shown below.

13
 Fig.3.1.2.1: Circuit Diagram of Neo 6m GPS
The most popular antenna type is the patch antenna. Patch antennas are flat, generally have a
ceramic and metal body, and are mounted on a metal base plate. They are often cast in a housing.
For more information about u-blox reference designs, Remember, the position of the antenna
mounting is very crucial for optimal performance of the GPS receiver. When using the patch
antenna, it should be oriented parallel to the geographic horizon. The antenna must have full view
of the sky, ensuring a direct line of sight with as many visible satellites as possible.
At the heart of the module is a GPS chip from U-blox – NEO-6M. The chip measures less than a
postage stamp but packs a surprising amount of features into its tiny frame.

14
 Fig. 3.1.2.2 Neo6m GPS Chip
It can track up to 22 satellites over 50 channels and achieve the industry’s highest level of
tracking sensitivity i.e. -161 dB, while consuming only 45 mA current.
Unlike other GPS modules, it can perform 5 location updates in a second with 2.5m horizontal
position accuracy. The U-blox 6 positioning engine also has a Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) of less
than 1 second.
One of the best features offered by the chip is Power Save Mode (PSM). This allows a reduction
in system power consumption by selectively switching certain parts of the receiver on and off.
This dramatically reduces the power consumption of the module to just 11mA making it suitable
for power sensitive applications such as GPS wristwatches.
The required data pins of the NEO-6M GPS chip are broken out to a 0.1″ pitch headers. It contains
the pins needed for communication with the microcontroller over the UART. The module
supports baud rates from 4800bps to 230400bps with a default baud of 9600.
GPS receivers actually work by figuring out how far they are from a number of satellites. They
are pre-programmed to know where the GPS satellites are at any given time. The satellites
transmit information about their position and the current time in the form of radio signals towards
the Earth.

Receiver Type 50 channels, GPS L1(1575.42Mhz)

Horizontal Position
2.5m
Accuracy

Navigation Update Rate 1HZ (5Hz maximum)

Capture Time Cool start: 27sHot start: 1s

Navigation Sensitivity -161dBm

Communication Protocol NMEA, UBX Binary, RTCM

Serial Baud Rate 4800-230400 (default 9600)

Operating Voltage 2.7V ~ 3.6V

Operating Current 45mA

15
 TXD/RXD Impedance 510Ω

Table 3.1.2.1: Specifications of GPS Module

There is an LED on the NEO-6M GPS module that indicates the status of the ‘Position Fix’. It
will blink at different rates depending on which state it is in:
• No blinking – it is searching for satellites.
• Blink every 1s – Position Fix is found (the module can see enough satellites).

Fig. 3.1.2.3 LED Indicator Of GPS

The operating voltage of the NEO-6M chip ranges from 2.7 to 3.6V. But the good news is, this
module comes with MICREL’s MIC5205 Ultra-Low Dropout 3V3 regulator.
The logic pins are also 5-volt tolerant, so we can easily connect it to Arduino or any 5V logic
microcontroller without using a logic level converter.

Fig. 3.1.2.4: LDO Regulator of GPS Module

16
The module is equipped with HK24C32 Two Wire Serial EEPROM. It is 4KB in size and is
connected via I2C to the NEO-6M chip. The module also houses a rechargeable button battery
that acts as a super-capacitor.

Fig. 3.1.2.5 EEPROM & Rechargeable Battery Of GPS

EEPROM and battery together help in retaining the BBR (Battery Backed RAM). BBR contains
clock data, latest position data (GNSS orbit data) and module configuration. But it is not for
permanent data storage.
The battery charges automatically when power is supplied to the module and retains data for two
weeks without power. Since the battery retains the clock and last position data, Time-To-First-Fix
(TTFF) is significantly reduced to 1s. This allows much faster position locks. Without battery the
GPS is always cold-started and takes longer for the initial GPS lock.
The module comes with -161 dBm sensitivity patch antenna for receiving radio signals from GPS
satellites.

17
 Fig. 3.1.2.6: Antenna of GPS Module

The patch antenna is great for most of our projects. But if you want to get more sensitivity and
accuracy, you can also Snap-On any 3V active GPS antenna.

Fig. 3.1.2.7 Antenna Connector

The NEO-6M GPS module has a total of 4 pins that connect it to the outside world. The connections
are as follows:

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 Fig. 3.1.2.8: Pin Diagram of GPS Module
• GND is the ground pin and needs to be connected to the GND pin on the Esp 8266.
• TxD (Transmitter) pin is used for serial communication.
• RxD (Receiver) pin is used for serial communication.
• VCC supplies power to the module. You can connect it directly to the 5V pin on the Esp
8266.

It is common for microcontrollers to read NMEA sentences and parse them in a user-friendly
form. Parsing is simply extracting chunks of data from the NMEA sentence. There are many
sentences in the NMEA standard. The most common are:

• $GPRMC provides time, date, latitude, longitude, altitude, and estimated velocity.
• $GPGGA sentence provides essential fix data which provides the 3D location and accuracy data.

To understand the NMEA message structure, let’s first examine the popular $GPRMC message.

$GPRMC, 123519, A, 4807.038, N, 01131.000, E,022.4, 084.4, 230394, 003.1, W*6A

19
 $ Every NMEA sentence starts with $ character.

GPRMC Global Positioning Recommended Minimum Coordinates

123519 Current time in UTC – 12:35:19

A Status A=active or V=Void.

4807.038,N Latitude 48 deg 07.038′ N

01131.000,E Longitude 11 deg 31.000′ E

022.4 Speed over the ground in knots

084.4 Track angle in degrees True

220318 Current Date – 22rd of March 2018

003.1,W Magnetic Variation

*6A The checksum data, always begins with *

Table 3.1.2.2: $GPRMC message.

Let’s take an example of $GPGGA NMEA sentence.

$GPGGA, 123519, 4807.038, N, 01131.000, E, 1, 08, 0.9, 545.4, M, 46.9, M, , *47

$ Starting of NMEA sentence.

GPGGA Global Positioning System Fix Data

123519 Current time in UTC – 12:35:19

4807.038,N Latitude 48 deg 07.038′ N

01131.000,E Longitude 11 deg 31.000′ E

1 GPS fix

08 Number of satellites being tracked

0.9 Horizontal dilution of position

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 545.4,M Altitude in Meters (above mean sea level)

46.9,M Height of geoid (mean sea level)

(empty field) Time in seconds since last DGPS update

(empty field) DGPS station ID number

*47 The checksum data, always begins with *

Table 3.1.2.3: $GPGGA NMEA sentence.

3.1.3. SIM 800A GSM Module:

The SIM800A GSM module is a versatile and widely used communication module that enables
devices to connect to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network, providing
voice, SMS, and data capabilities. Developed by SIMCom Wireless Solutions, the SIM800A
module is a compact and cost-effective solution for integrating cellular connectivity into a wide
range of applications, including IoT devices, industrial systems, and consumer electronics.
The SIM800A module operates on quad-band frequencies, making it compatible with GSM
networks worldwide. It supports GSM/GPRS communication, allowing devices to transmit and
receive data over the cellular network. This makes it ideal for applications that require remote
monitoring, control, and communication, such as remote sensing, asset tracking, and telematics.
One of the key features of the SIM800A module is its compact form factor, which allows for easy
integration into space-constrained devices. The module measures just 24mm x 24mm x 3mm,
making it suitable for small and portable applications where size and weight are critical factors.
21
Despite its small size, the SIM800A module offers a wide range of communication capabilities,
including voice calls, SMS messaging, and GPRS data transmission.
The SIM800A module features a UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) interface
for communication with external microcontrollers or host systems. This allows devices to control
the module and send/receive data using simple serial commands, making it easy to interface with
a wide range of microcontrollers and embedded systems. Additionally, the module supports AT
commands, a standardized set of commands used for configuring and controlling the module's
functionality.

In terms of power consumption, the SIM800A module is designed to operate efficiently, making
it suitable for battery-powered applications. It features low standby current consumption and
power-saving modes, allowing devices to conserve power when not actively transmitting or
receiving data. This makes the module suitable for applications that require long battery life or
operate in remote or off-grid locations.

22
SIM800A Functional Diagram & Features

Fig.3.1.3.1 : SIM800A Functional Diagram

Following are the Features of SIM 800A:

• SIM800A Quad Band GSM Module
• Bands: GSM 850MHz, EGSM 900MHz, DCS 1800MHz, PCS 1900MHz
• Coding schemes: CS-1, CS-2, CS-3, CS-4 Tx power: Class 4 (2W), Class 1 (1W)
• GPRS class 2/10
• Control via AT commands (3GPP TS 27.007, 27.005 and SIMCOM enhanced AT command set)
• Voltage Supply Required- 9VDC to 12VDC with at least 2A Peak Current Capability
• 5V interface for direct communication with MCU kit
• TTL Rx and TTL Tx and DB9 Connector Based RS232 Outputs
• Configurable baud rate
• Built-in SIM Card holder
• Built-in Network Status LED
• Inbuilt Powerful TCP/IP protocol stack for internet data transfer over GPRS
• Low power
• Operating temperature: -40C to +85C
• External Finger type antenna

23
The power supply of SIM800A ranges from 9 V to 12 V, and 9 V is recommended. It must be able to
provide sufficient current up to 2A for the high-power transmitting. If the DC input voltage is +9V
and if no issue with the power efficiency, a high-current low-dropout regulator is recommended. To
increase power efficiency, the switching mode DC-DC converter is preferable, especially when DC
input voltage is quite high. The following figure is the reference design, and it is recommended to
reserve a proper ferrite bead
SIM800A is designed with power saving technique so that the current consumption is as low as
0.55mA in sleep mode. SIM800A integrates TCP/IP protocol and extended TCP/IP AT commands
which are very useful for data transfer applications. For details about TCP/IP applications.

Fig.3.1.3.2: SIM 800A GSM module

Pin Number Pin Name Description

1 VCC Power supply pin, 3.4V to 4.4V input
2 RXD Serial data input
3 TXD Serial data output
4 GND Module ground reference

Table 3.1.3.1 Pin Description of SIM800A

24
 Chapter No-4

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

25
 4. SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 System Circuit Diagram and Description

Creating a complete system diagram with values and layout is essential for understanding the connections,
components, and their relationships within a project like the Women Safety Device using GPS & GSM.
Arrange the components in a layout that optimizes space and ensures ease of access for connections and
troubleshooting. Place the ESP-8266 at the centre, with the Neo6m GPS module and SIM800A GSM
module on either side. Ensure proper spacing between components to avoid interference and overheating

Fig 4.1 Circuit Diagram of Women Safety Device

establishing a complete electrical path. TXD and RXD, denoting Transmit Data and Receive Neo6m
GPS Module:
26
 • Connection to ESP-8266:
• VCC to 5V pin of ESP-8266.
• GND to GND pin of ESP-8266.
• TX to RX pin (Pin 4) of ESP-8266.
• RX to TX pin (Pin 5) of ESP-8266.
• Values: Neo6m GPS module (1), Jumper wires (4).
2. SIM800A GSM Module:
• Connection to ESP-8266:
• VCC to 5V pin of ESP-8266.
• GND to GND pin of ESP-8266.
• TX to RX pin (Pin 2) of ESP-8266.
• RX to TX pin (Pin 3) of ESP-8266.
• Values: SIM800A GSM module (1), Jumper wires (4).
3. ESP-8266 Microcontroller:
• Connections:
• 5V pin to 5V power supply.
• GND pin to GND of power supply.
• Digital Pin 4 (RX) connected to TX pin of Neo6m GPS module.
• Digital Pin 5 (TX) connected to RX pin of Neo6m GPS module.
• Digital Pin 2 (RX) connected to TX pin of SIM800A GSM module.
• Digital Pin 3 (TX) connected to RX pin of SIM800A GSM module.
4. Power Supplies:
• 5V & 12 V Power Supply:
• Connects to 5V pin of ESP-8266.
• Connects to 12 V pin of GSM Module.
5. Push Button:
• Connections
• VCC to 5V pin of ESP-8266.
• GND to GND pin Through Pin 9 of ESP-8266.

27
Chapter No-5

RESULT

28
 5. RESULT

5.1 Testing

Testing is a critical phase in the development of a women's safety device utilizing the NEO-
6M GPS module and SIM800A GSM module. It involves rigorous evaluation of the device's
functionality, performance, and reliability under various conditions. Testing encompasses
verification of GPS accuracy, GSM signal strength, panic button responsiveness, and
communication capabilities. Additionally, it includes assessments of battery life, durability,
and user interface intuitiveness. Through systematic testing protocols, potential issues are
identified, addressed, and rectified to ensure the device meets high standards of effectiveness
and usability. User feedback and field testing also play integral roles in refining the device to
ensure optimal performance in real-world scenarios.

5.2 Discussion of Results

The results of testing the women's safety device incorporating the NEO-6M GPS module and
SIM800A GSM module reveal its overall effectiveness and reliability in enhancing women's
safety. The device demonstrates accurate GPS tracking, robust GSM communication, and
prompt responsiveness to panic button activations. Field tests confirm its usability and
practicality in various environments, validating its potential to empower women and provide
timely assistance in emergencies. However, challenges such as battery life optimization and
user interface refinement may require further attention. Overall, the results indicate that the
device represents a significant advancement in women's safety technology, offering a
promising solution to address safety concerns and contribute to creating safer communities.
Further refinement and iterative testing are recommended to maximize its impact.

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5.3 Problems Encountered

During the development of the women's safety device integrating the NEO-6M GPS module
and SIM800A GSM module, several challenges were encountered. These included technical
issues such as ensuring seamless integration and synchronization between the GPS and GSM
modules, optimizing power consumption to prolong battery life without compromising
functionality, and addressing connectivity issues in areas with poor network coverage.
Additionally, designing a user-friendly interface that simplifies operation while providing
comprehensive features proved to be a complex task. Furthermore, regulatory compliance and
certification requirements added complexity to the development process. Overcoming these
challenges required extensive testing, iterative refinement, and collaboration between
multidisciplinary teams of engineers, designers, and safety experts to ensure the device met
high standards of performance, reliability, and usability..

30
Chapter No-6

CONCLUSION

31
 6. CONCLUSION

6.1 Conclusion
In conclusion, the development of the women's safety device incorporating the NEO-6M
GPS module and SIM800A GSM module represents a significant step towards enhancing
women's safety and security. Despite encountering challenges during development, the
device demonstrates promising capabilities in providing real-time tracking, instant
communication, and distress signal transmission. Through rigorous testing and iterative
refinement, the device has the potential to empower women, deter potential threats, and
contribute to creating safer communities. Further enhancements and widespread adoption
of such technologies are essential for addressing ongoing safety concerns effectively.

6.2 Future Scope

The women's safety device utilizing the NEO-6M GPS module and SIM800A GSM
module holds immense potential for future advancements and applications. Further
research and development could focus on enhancing battery efficiency, expanding
communication capabilities, and integrating additional features such as voice recognition
or artificial intelligence for improved response mechanisms. Additionally, exploring
partnerships with law enforcement agencies or integrating the device with existing
emergency response systems could enhance its effectiveness in providing timely
assistance. Moreover, customization options to cater to diverse user needs and preferences,
along with affordability initiatives, could further promote widespread adoption and
contribute to creating safer environments for women worldwide.

32
Chapter No-7

REFERENCES

33
 7. REFERENCES

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APPENDIX

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