M. KAMRAN ASHRAF 50 mL of both were mixed in a measuring flask.

Roll NO. 41 Sample were taken in a cell and their ʎmax was
ADP 7th Morning measured by using spectrophotometer.
Graph was plot between for these values.
Determine ʎmax For a Binary Components solution Two peaks were shown, in which one was of
(Potassium Permanganate and Copper Sulphate. copper sulphate and other was of Potassium
permanganate.
Principle: Then solutions of different percentages were
Spectrophotometry is the principle in prepared.
determination on of ʎmax for given solution of Calculations:
binary components. Preparation of 100 ppm solution for both
Theory: KMnO4 and CuSO4.
Prepare 1000ppm solutions first.
Some terms are important in the theory of this
1 gram of each KMnO4 and CuSO4 was added in
experiment Spectrophotometry
1000mL distilled water separately and that’s how
Spectrophotometer
1000ppm solution of both species was prepared.
Absorbance
Now the forma on of 100ppm solution will take
Transmittance
place.
Beer Lambert Law
C1V1 = C2V2
Spectrophotometry:
(1000) (V1) = (100) (100)
A technique in which the interaction of light with
V1= 10mL
ma er is studied is known as spectrophotometry.
10mL of 1000ppm solution was taken and added
Spectrophotometer:
in 100 mL water in a beaker. 100 ppm sol. Was
prepared. Repeated this process for both
The instrument which used in above mentioned
substances.
technique is spectrophotometer. It measures the
photons of falling light a er absorbance in sample
Readings:
solution.
this instrument involves certain parts, such as:
Light Source, Monochromator, Sample container,
Detector. # ʎ A # ʎ A
Absorbance: 1 350 0.317 22 560 0.301
The amount of light which is absorbed in the 2 360 0.288 23 570 0.277
solution is a phenomenon called absorbance. It’s 3 370 0.264 24 580 0.177
also called optical density. 4 380 0.207 25 590 0.121
A = Log
5 390 0.164 26 600 0.109
Transmittance:
The measure of Transmitted light after absorption 6 400 0.141 27 610 0.102
in sample is known as Transmittance. It is 7 410 0.128 28 620 0.098
reciprocal of absorbance. 8 420 0.123 29 630 0.094
𝑇 =1/𝐴 9 430 0.125 30 640 0.09
Beer Lambert’s Law:
10 440 0.13 31 650 0.086
It states that the Phenomenon and amount of 11 450 0.142 32 660 0.083
absorbed light is directly proportional to the 12 460 0.151 33 670 0.078
concentration of sample in solution and path 13 470 0.184 34 680 0.074
length of the cell bearing sample. 14 480 0.219 35 690 0.07
A ∝ c.l A= ℇ c l 15 490 0.275 36 700 0.065
Where ℇ stands for Molar extinction coefficient or
16 500 0.325 37 710 0.065
Absorption.
17 510 0.38 38 720 0.064
Procedure:
18 520 0.431 39 730 0.06
100 ppm solutions of both Copper Sulphate and 19 530 0.444 40 740 0.058
potassium permanganate were prepared 20 540 0.439 41 750 0.056
separately. 21 550 0.42 42 760 0.134
Graph:

Solutions of Different %age Compositions

0.5
# % KMnO4 CuSO4 A
1 10% 10mL 90mL 0.401 Result;
0.45 Absorbance of520,
Both
2 20% 20mL 80mL 0.445 0.431components were measured
0.4 3 30% 10mL 90mL 0.496 and ultimately their ʎmax was noted. The maximum
0.35 4 40% 20mL 80mL 0.519 absorbance of Potassium permanganate and
5 50% 10mL 90mL 0.623 Copper Sulphate was 0.4301 and 0.09, and their
0.3 ʎmax were 520 and 640 respectively. And different
6 60% 20mL 80mL 0.735
0.25 7 70% 10mL 90mL 0.885 solutions of different percentage composition
0.2 8 80% 20mL 80mL 0.945 were prepared and Their Absorbance was
9 90% 10mL 90mL 0.999
measured. Graph was a straight line.
0.15
10 100% 20mL 80mL 1.1
0.1 640, 0.09
0.05
Graph:
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
1.2

0.8
Absorbance

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Percentage Comp.