Web Programming using PHP

Unit I
Introduction to web, WWW Architecture

History : In 1969, the US Department of Defense started a project to allow

researchers and military personnel to communicate with each other in an
emergency. The project was called ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects
Agency Network) and it is the foundation of the Internet.

Internet : The Internet (interconnected network) is the global system of

interconnected computer networks that uses the internet protocol (TCP/IP) to
link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private,
public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope,
linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking
technologies.

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 Web Programming using PHP
Unit I

Server and Client : a server is a computer program or a device that provides

functionality for other programs or devices, called Clients.
This architecture is called client-server architecture.
Servers can provide various functionalities, often called "services", such as
sharing data or resources among multiple clients or performs computation for a
client.

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 Web Programming using PHP
Unit I
World Wide Web (WWW) : commonly known as Web, is an information system
where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs (Uniform
Resource Locators) eg. https://www.example.com, which may be interlinked by
hypertext and are accessible over the Internet.
Invented by a British scientist, Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
The resources of the WWW are transferred via the HTTP (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol) and may be accessed by users by a software application called a web
server.

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Unit I
Web server : is a software or hardware that uses HTTP and other protocols to
respond to client requests made over the World Wide Web.
Eg. Apache, Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS), etc
The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web pages
to clients. Pages delivered are most frequently HTML (HyperText Markup
Language) documents, which may include images, style sheets, and scripts in
addition to the text content.
Web page : or webpage is a document, commonly written in HTML, that is
viewed in an Internet browser. A web page can be accessed by entering a URL
address into a browser's address bar. Web page may contain text, graphics, and
hyperlinks to other web pages and files.
Website : also web site is a collection of web pages and related content that is
identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server.
Examples : wikipedia.org, google.com,…...
All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web.
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 Web Programming using PHP
Unit I
Static vs Dynamic web pages
In response to the clients request the server sends the page in different
ways, either static or dynamic. If server sends the page without any
additional processing then the page is said to be static, otherwise it is
dynamic. In static web pages, pages will remain the same until someone
changes it manually.

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 Web Programming using PHP
Unit I
Static vs Dynamic web pages

Sl. No. Static web page Dynamic web page

Pages will remain same until Content of pages are different for
1
someone changes it manually. different Clients.
Pages are simple in terms of
2 Pages are complicated
complexity.

3 Information are changed rarely. Information are changed frequently.

4 takes less time for loading. takes more time for loading.

5 Database is not used. Database is used.

written in languages such as: written in languages such as: CGI,

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HTML, JavaScript, CSS, etc. AJAX, ASP, ASP.NET, PHP etc.
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Unit I

Web browser : commonly referred to as a browser is a software application for

accessing information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a
particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web
server and then displays the resulting web page on the user's device.
Example : Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox etc

Uniform Resource Locator : URL, commonly termed as web address, is a

reference to resource on World Wide Web that specifies its location on a
computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.
Example : https://www.webopedia.com/URL.html
cont…

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Parts of URL : The first part of the URL is called a protocol identifier and it
indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called a resource name
and it specifies the IP address or the domain name where the resource is
located. The protocol identifier and the resource name are separated by a colon
and two forward slashes.
ftp://www.webopedia.com/stuff.exe
http://www.webopedia.com/index.html
The two URLs below point to two different files at the domain webopedia.com.
The first specifies an executable file that should be fetched using the FTP
protocol;
The second specifies a web page that should be fetched using the HTTP
protocol.

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 Web Programming using PHP
Unit I Protocols : A protocol is a standard set of rules that allow electronic devices to
communicate with each other. These rules include what type of data may be
transmitted, what commands are used to send and receive data, and how data
transfers are confirmed.
Primary protocols
1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
2. Internet Protocol (IP)
3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
4. Post office Protocol (POP)
5. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP) Click Here for
6. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Protocol and its uses
7. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
8. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) https://www.w3schools.in/types-of-network-
protocols-and-their-uses/
9. Telnet https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technol
10. Gopher ogies/internet_protocols.htm

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