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EXP 9 Chromatography

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14 views

EXP 9 Chromatography

Description

Uploaded by

misraanayschool
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 9– CHROMATOGRAPHY

Aim: To separate the coloured components present in the mixture of red and blue inks by ascending paper
chromatography and find their Rf values.
Apparatus: Gas jar, glass rod, chromatography paper strip, jar cover, fine capillary tube.
Chemicals Required: A mixture of red and blue ink, alcohol and distilled water.
Theory: In this type of chromatography, a special adsorbent paper (Whatman filter paper 1) is used.
Moisture adsorbed on this special paper, acts as stationary phase and the solvent acts as moving phase.
The mixture to be separated, is put at one end of the paper strip as a small spot. The paper is placed in a
container with a suitable solvent, vertically such that the end where the spot is put is dipped in the solvent.
The solvent rises up the paper due to the capillary action and the components of the mixture separates due
to difference in adsorption. The components of the mixture thus get separated from each other. The filter
paper strip is called a chromatogram.
Rf values: It represents retention factor or ratio of fronts. It can be defined as the ratio of the distance
moved up or travelled by the component from the origin or point of application to the distance moved up by
the solvent from the same point.
Procedure:
1. Take a chromatography paper strip as per requirement of gas jar size and draw two lines with pencil
above 2 cm and 4 cm from one end.
2. Put a drop of ink mixture at the centre of the second line, which is at 4 cm distance from the bottom of
the paper and dry it in air. Repeat this process 3 -4 times so that the spot is rich in mixture.
3. Suspend the paper in the gas jar containing the solvent i.e. 50 % alcohol (eluent) in such a way that the
spot where the mixture is applied remains above the solvent level.
4. Cover the jar and keep it undisturbed. The solvent will rise along with the mixture of red and blue ink.
After the solvent has risen about 12-15 cm, two different spots of blue and red colour will be observed on
the filter paper.
5. Take the paper out of the jar and measure the distance of ink components i.e. red and blue and solvent
from the original line. Dry it and calculate the Rf values as per the formula given below.

diagram to be drawn on blank


page
Distance travelled by the red ink from the original line

Rf of red ink = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Distance travelled by the solvent from the original line

Distance travelled by the blue ink from the original line

Rf of blue ink = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Distance travelled by the solvent from the original line

Observations and calculations: (to be done on blank page)


S.No. Distance travelled by Distance travelled by Rf value
different components (in solvent (in cm).
cm).
1 Red Ink (A) X A/X

2 Blue Ink (B) X B/X

Result-
1. Rf value for Red Ink = -------
2. Rf value for Blue ink = -------
Precautions-
1. The chromatography paper should not touch the walls of the jar.
2. Do not disturb the jar after putting the strip into it.
3. Allow the colours to separate before pulling the strip out.
4. Spot should be dry and should not get dipped into the solvent at any cost.

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