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 GE8076 Professional Ethics in Engineering
Department: CSE
Batch/Year : 2020-2024 / III

Created by: Dr.P.VALARMATHIE, PROF/CSE ,

Mr.V.M.JEMIN, AP/CSE

Date: 19.01.2023
 1. CONTENTS

S.No Index Page

Number
1 Contents 5
2 Course Objectives 6
3 Pre Requisites 7
4 Syllabus 8
5 Course outcomes 9
6 CO- PO/PSO Mapping 10
7 Lecture Plan 12
8 Activity based learning 13
9 Lecture Notes 16
10 Assignments 41
11 Part A Question & Answer 42
12 Part B Questions 45
13 Supportive Online Certification Courses 46
14 Real time Applications in day to day life and to 47
Industry
15 Contents beyond the Syllabus 49
16 Assessment Schedule 50
17 Prescribed Text Books & Reference Books 51
18 Mini Project Suggestions 52

5
 2. COURSE OBJECTIVES

 To enable the students to create an awareness on Engineering Ethics

and Human Values

 To instill Moral and Social Values and Loyalty and to appreciate the

rights of others.

6
 3. PRE REQUISITES

• Ethics in engineering practice is about professional responsibilities of

engineers.

• Professional ethics have been recognized as an important foundation

in the practice of engineering for several decades in many
industrialized countries.

7
 4. SYLLABUS
GE8076 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN ENGINEERING

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES

Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue –
Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage –
Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence – Character –
Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional excellence and
stress management.

UNIT II ENGINEERING ETHICS

Senses of ‗Engineering Ethics‘ – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral

dilemmas – Moral Autonomy – Kohlberg‘s theory – Gilligan‘s theory – Consensus and
Controversy – Models of professional roles - Theories about right action – Self-
interest – Customs and Religion – Uses of Ethical Theories.

UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION

Engineering as Experimentation – Engineers as responsible Experimenters – Codes

of Ethics – A Balanced Outlook on Law.

UNIT IV SAFETY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS

Safety and Risk – Assessment of Safety and Risk – Risk Benefit Analysis and
Reducing Risk - Respect for Authority – Collective Bargaining – Confidentiality –
Conflicts of Interest – Occupational Crime – Professional Rights – Employee Rights –
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Discrimination.

UNIT V GLOBAL ISSUES

Multinational Corporations – Environmental Ethics – Computer Ethics – Weapons

Development – Engineers as Managers – Consulting Engineers – Engineers as Expert
Witnesses and Advisors – Moral Leadership –Code of Conduct – Corporate Social
Responsibility.

8
 5. Course Outcomes

After successful completion of the course, the students should be able to

Highest
CO
Course Outcomes Cognitive
No
Level

CO1 Create awareness on human values and apply ethics in K6

society.

CO2 Identify an ethical issue and assess variety of moral issues K5

using ethical theories in engineering.

CO3 Analyze engineering, social experimentation and engineers K4

as responsible experimenters

CO4 Realize engineers' safety and their responsibilities, K5

professional rights, employee rights, and intellectual
property rights.

CO5 Interpret various types of ethics like business ethics, K5

environmental ethics and computer ethics.

CO6 Take part an engineers as managers, consulting engineers, K4

engineers as expert witness and advisors.

9
 6. CO- PO/PSO Mapping

Course Level Program Outcomes Program

Outcomes of CO Specific
Outcomes
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PSO PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3

CO1 K6 - - - - - 3 3 3 3 3 - 3 - - -

CO2 K5 - - - - - 3 3 3 3 3 - 3 - - -

CO3 K4 - - - - - 3 3 3 3 3 - 3 - - -

CO4 K5 - - - - - 3 3 3 3 3 - 3 - - -

CO5 K5 - - - - - 3 3 3 3 3 - 3 - - -

CO6 K4 - - - - - 3 3 3 3 3 - 3 - - -

10
 UNIT I - HUMAN VALUES

Morals, values and Ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue –
Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage –
Valuing time – Cooperation – Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence – Character
– Spirituality – Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional excellence and
stress management.
 7 . Lecture Plan
UNIT I - HUMAN VALUES

Actual Date

Reason for
Pertaining

Taxonomy

Deviation
Proposed

Delivery
Mode of
Periods
Topic

No. of

Date

level
S.No

CO
1 Morals, values and 1 19-1-23 K1 PowerPoint
Ethics CO1 Remembrance

2 Integrity – Work ethic 1

20-1-23 CO1 K1 PowerPoint
Remembrance

3 Service learning – 1 21-1-23 CO1 K2 PowerPoint

Civic virtue – Respect Understand
for others

4 Living peacefully – 1 23-1-23 K2 PowerPoint

CO1
Caring Understand
– Sharing – Honesty
5 24-1-23 CO1 K2 PowerPoint
Courage – Valuing time 1
Understand

6 25-1-23 CO1 K2 PowerPoint

Cooperation – 1
Commitment – Understand
Empathy
7 27-1-23 K2 PowerPoint
Self confidence 1 CO1
– Character Understand

8 Spirituality 1 28-1-23 K2 PowerPoint

CO1
Understand

9 30-1-23 K2 PowerPoint
Introduction to Yoga 1 CO1
and meditation for Understand
professional excellence
and
10 31-1-23 K3 PowerPoint
Stress management. 1 CO1
Apply

Total No. of Periods : 10

13 13
 8. ACTIVITY BASED LEARNING

Case Study 1.

NAMRADHA is pursuing M.Com and shares a room with you in the private dormitory.
She desperately needs a job after completing her course because of educational loan,
financial situations and weak economic background. In her last two semesters, She
couldn’t secure good grades due to serious illness. In current semester She has to
secure good marks at any cost to satisfy minimum criteria for placements.

Few days before the final semester exam, She comes to you and asks for money. She
is stressed and nervous. She tells you about her plan to purchase semester papers to
clear the exam and convinces you for
the same by giving reference to her bad health, family status and her education loan.

In such circumstances, would it be right to lend money to her?

(a) Identify the moral dilemma faced by you.

(b) Analyze your role and duties as a friend, also suggest your course of action.

13
Case Study 2:

While working in a electrical company in a dedicated computer circuits department, I

was given a small project to get rid of several pieces of obsolete equipment.
Although the company executives had enforced a recycling policy, most of my
colleagues wanted to trash all the
equipment. I found a way to recycle some of the equipment and gave the rest to a
business liquidator, but I was distressed at the indifferent attitude most of my
working colleagues displayed.
What work ethics were being considered in the situation being studied?
How were these ethics perceived and acted upon by different individuals involved in
the situation?

1. Were the actions taken aligned with the work ethics

being considered?

2. What were the consequences of these actions, both

positive and negative?

14
Case Study 3. Crossword puzzle

15
 9. LECTURE NOTES
UNIT I HUMAN VALUES
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this course on ‘Professional Ethics and Human Values’ are:
(a) to understand the moral values that ought to guide the Engineering profession,
(b) resolve the moral issues in the profession, and
(c) justify the moral judgment concerning the profession. It is intended to develop a
set of beliefs, attitudes, and habits that engineers should display concerning
morality.
The prime objective is to increase one’s ability to deal effectively with moral
complexity in engineering practice.
The objectives of the study on Professional Ethics may be listed as:
A) Improvement of the cognitive skills (skills of the intellect in thinking clearly)
1. Moral awareness (proficiency in recognizing moral problems in
engineering)
2. Cogent moral reasoning (comprehending, assessing different
views)
3. Moral coherence (forming consistent viewpoints based on facts)
4. Moral imagination (searching beyond obvious the alternative
responses to issues and being receptive to creative solutions)
5. Moral communication, to express and support one’s views to
others.
B) To act in morally desirable ways, towards moral commitment and responsible
conduct
1. Moral reasonableness i.e., willing and able to be morally responsible.
2. Respect for persons, which means showing concern for the well-being of
others, besides oneself.
3. Tolerance of diversity i.e., respect for ethnic and religious differences, and
acceptance of reasonable differences in moral perspectives.
4. Moral hope i.e., believe in using rational dialogue for resolving moral conflicts.
5. Integrity, which means moral integrity, and integrating one’s professional life
and personal convictions.

16
MORALS
Morals are the welfare principles enunciated by the wise people, based on their
experience and wisdom.
They were edited, changed or modified or evolved to suit the geography of the region,
rulers (dynasty), and in accordance with development of knowledge in science and
technology and with time.
Morality is concerned with principles and practices of morals such as:
(a) What ought or ought not to be done in a given situation?
(b) What is right or wrong about the handling of a situation? and
(c)What is good or bad about the people, policies, and ideals involved?
Morality is different from Ethics in the following ways:

Morality Ethics

1. More general and prescriptive based on 1. Specific and descriptive. It is a critical

customs and traditions. reflection on morals.

2. More concerned with the results of 2. More concerned with the results of a right
wrong action, when done. action, when not done.

3. Thrust is on judgment and punishment, in 3. Thrust is on influence, education, training

the name of God or by laws. through codes, guidelines, and
correction.

4. In case of conflict between the two, 4. Less serious, hence second priority only.
morality is given top priority, because Less common. But relevant today,
the damage is more. It is more common because of complex interactions in the
and basic. modern society.

5. Example: Character flaw, corruption, 5. Example: Notions or beliefs about

extortion, and crime. manners, tastes, customs, and towards
laws.

17
VALUES AND ETHICS
VALUES
Definition
Humans have the unique ability to define their identity, choose their values and establish their
beliefs. All three of these directly influence a person’s behavior.
A value is defined as a principle that promotes well-being or prevents harm.”
Values are our guidelines for our success—our paradigm about what is acceptable.”
Personal values are defined as: “Emotional beliefs in principles regarded as particularly
favorable or important for the individual.”
“Values are the scales we use to weigh our choices for our actions, whether to move towards
or away from something.”
Not all values have the same weight or priority. Some are more important than others and
must be satisfied before others can be addressed. Dr. Abraham Maslow illustrated this with his
hierarchy of human needs. Survival has a higher priority than security, which has a higher
priority than social acceptance. Self-esteem can only be addressed to the degree that social
acceptance is fulfilled. Similarly, self-actualization can only be pursued to the degree that self-
esteem has been satisfied.
A person’s beliefs, values and identity are usually acquired unconsciously based on his personal
experience or observations of others’ experiences as to what produces desirable or undesirable
results in the environment.
Types of Values
The five core human values are: (1) Right conduct, (2) Peace, (3) Truth, (4) Love, and (5)
Non- violence.

1. Values related to RIGHT CONDUCT are:

SELF-HELP SKILLS: Care of possessions, diet, hygiene, modesty, posture, self reliance, and
tidy appearance

SOCIAL SKILLS: Good behavior, good manners, good relationships, helpfulness, No

wastage, and good environment, and

ETHICAL SKILLS: Code of conduct, courage, dependability, duty, efficiency, ingenuity,

initiative, perseverance, punctuality, resourcefulness, respect for all, and responsibility
2. Values related to PEACE are:

Attention, calmness, concentration, contentment, dignity, discipline, equality, equanimity,

faithfulness, focus, gratitude, happiness, harmony, humility, inner silence, optimism, patience,
reflection, satisfaction, self-acceptance, self-confidence, self-control, self-discipline, self-
esteem, self-respect, sense control, tolerance, and understanding

18
 3.Values related to TRUTH are: Accuracy, curiosity, discernment, fairness,
fearlessness, honesty, integrity (unity of thought, word, and deed), intuition, justice,
optimism, purity, quest for knowledge, reason, self-analysis, sincerity, sprit of enquiry,
synthesis, trust, truthfulness, and determination.
4.Values related to LOVE are: Acceptance, affection, care, compassion, consideration,
dedication, devotion, empathy, forbearance, forgiveness, friendship, generosity,
gentleness, humanness, interdependence, kindness, patience, patriotism, reverence,
sacrifice, selflessness, service, sharing, sympathy, thoughtfulness, tolerance and trust
5. Values related to NON-VIOLENCE are:
PSYCHOLOGICAL: Benevolence, compassion, concern for others, consideration,
forbearance, forgiveness, manners, happiness, loyalty, morality, and universal
love
SOCIAL: Appreciation of other cultures and religions, brotherhood, care of
environment, citizenship, equality, harmlessness, national awareness,
perseverance, respect for property, and social justice.

PERSEVERANCE
is defined as persistence, determination, resolution, tenacity, dedication, commitment,
constancy, steadfastness, stamina, endurance and indefatigability.
To persevere is described as to continue, carry on, stick at it (in formal), keep going,
persist, plug away, (informal), remain, stand firm, stand fast, hold on and hang on.
Perseverance builds character.
ACCURACY
means freedom from mistake or error; conformity to truth or to a standard or model
and exactness.
Accuracy is defined as correctness, exactness, authenticity, truth, veracity, closeness
to truth (true value) and carefulness.
The value of accuracy embraces a large area and has many implications. Engineers
are encouraged to demonstrate accuracy in their behavior through the medium of
praise and other incentives.
Accuracy includes telling the truth, not exaggerating, and taking care over one’s work.
DISCERNMENT
means discrimination, perception, penetration, and insight. Discernment means the
power to see what is not obvious to the average mind.
It stresses accuracy, especially in reading character or motives. Discrimination
stresses the power to distinguish or select what is true or genuinely excellent.

19
Evolution of Human Values
The human values evolve because of the following factors:
1. The impact of norms of the society on the fulfillment of the individual’s needs
or desires.
2. Developed or modified by one’s own awareness, choice, and judgment in
fulfilling the needs.
3. By the teachings and practice of Preceptors (Gurus) or Saviors or religious
leaders.
4. Fostered or modified by social leaders, rulers of kingdom, and by law
(government).

ETHICS
Ethics is the word that refers to morals, values, and beliefs of the individuals, family
or the society. Basically it is an activity and process of inquiry.

Secondly, it is different from non-moral problems, when dealing with issues and
controversies.

Thirdly, ethics refers to a particular set of beliefs, attitudes, and habits of individuals
or family or groups concerned with morals.

Fourth, it is used to mean ‘morally correct’.

The study on ethics helps to know the people’s beliefs, values, and morals,
learn the good and bad of them, and practice them to maximize their well-
being and happiness.

It involves the inquiry on the existing situations, form judgments and resolve
the issues.

In addition, ethics tells us how to live, to respond to issues, through the duties,
rights, responsibilities, and obligations.

In religion, similar principles are included, but the reasoning on procedures is

limited. The principles and practices of religions have varied from to time to
time (history), region (geography, climatic conditions), religion, society,
language, caste and creed. But ethics has grown to a large extent beyond the
barriers listed above.

In ethics, the focus is to study and apply the principles and practices,
universally.

20
INTEGRITY
Integrity is defined as the unity of thought, word and deed (honesty) and open
mindedness.
It includes the capacity to communicate the factual information so that others can
make well-informed decisions.
It yields the person’s ‘peace of mind’, and hence adds strength and consistency in
character, decisions, and actions. This paves way to one’s success.
It is one of the self-direction virtues. It enthuse people not only to execute a job
well but to achieve excellence in performance. It helps them to own the
responsibility and earn self-respect and recognition by doing the job.
Moral integrity is defined as a virtue, which reflects a consistency of one’s attitudes,
emotions, and conduct in relation to justified moral values.
WORK ETHICS
Industry and Society are the two systems which interact with each other and are
interdependent.
Society requires industry/business system which provides manufacturing,
distribution and consumption activities. It needs investment (capital input), labor
(input), supply (raw materials), production (industries, business organizations),
marketing and distribution (transport), and consumption (public, customer).

A lot of transactions (and interactions) between these sub-systems involving people

are needed for the welfare of the society. It is here, the work ethics plays an
essential role.

Work ethics is defined as a set of attitudes concerned with the value of work, which
forms the motivational orientation.
The ‘work ethics’ is aimed at ensuring the economy (get job, create wealth, earn
salary), productivity (wealth, profit), safety (in workplace), health and hygiene
(working conditions), privacy (raise family), security (permanence against
contractual, pension, and retirement benefits), cultural and social development
(leisure, hobby, and happiness), welfare (social work), environment (anti-pollution
activities), and offer opportunities for all, according to their abilities, but without
discrimination.

21
Many complex social problems exist in the industrial/business scenario, because:
The people desire to be recognized as individuals and treated with dignity, as
living human beings. Work is intrinsically valuable so far as it is enjoyable or
meaningful in allowing personal expression and self-fulfillment. Meaningful work is
worth doing for the sense of personal identity and the self-esteem it holds.
Economic independence: Work is the major instrumental good in life. It is the
main source of providing the income needed to avoid economic dependence on
others, for obtaining desired materials and services, and for achieving status and
recognition from others.
Pay as well as the pace of work should be in commensurate with the expertise
required, acquired, and utilized in the persons. Exploitation and bargained pay
should be discouraged.
Privacy (personal freedom) of the employee, including women, is to be protected.
At the same time, confidentiality of the employer is also to be protected. Mutual
trust and loyalty both ways play major roles in this aspect.
Security during job and upon retirement: This concept is being accepted only in
government jobs, public limited companies, and corporate organizations. The
western thought has influenced the Indian private industries and multinationals in
a paradigm shift from ‘life- long employment’ to policies such as ‘merit only’, ‘hire
and fire’, ‘pay and use’ etc. This situation has no doubt created tension in the
Indian scene.
Recognition to non-work activities, such as leisure, paid holiday on the day of visit
of a dignitary, social service, and other developmental activities. The workers in
prosperous countries are less willing to consider ‘work’ as their prime interest in
life. They claim that such service activities give them peace of mind and
happiness. However, such a trend is likely to decline the work ethics.
Hard work and productivity are very essential for the success of an industry. The
quality of work life deserves to be improved. Hard labor, undignified jobs (human-
drawn rikshaw, people carrying night soil), and hazardous jobs are to be made
less straining, dignified, and safer. Automation and CNC systems to a large extent
have been successful in lessening the human burden. Still, many a hard work can
not be replaced by ‘virtual work’, in the near future.
Employee alienation: Absence of or inadequate ‘recognition and reward system’
and ‘grievance redressal system’, lack of transparency in policy implementation,
factions in trade unions etc. lead to ethical problems, affecting the work ethics.
Participative management, quality circles, job rotation, and flexible working hours
are some of the measures to counter this situation.

22
 A different view of work ethics: Work is considered as a necessary evil. It is a thing
one must do in order to avoid worse evils, such as dependency and poverty. That is a
major source of anxiety and unhappiness.
As per the Protestant Work Ethics, the financial success is a sign that is favored by
God. It means making maximal profit is a duty mandated by God. It is to be obtained
rationally, diligently, and without compromising with other values such as spending
time with one’s family and not exploiting or harming others
By work ethics, duties to the self, family, society, and nation are fulfilled. Rights of the
individuals are respected and nourished. Values and virtues are cultivated and enjoyed
by all human beings. Further, the quality of life is improved and the environment
protected. On the other hand, unemployment and under-employment lead to
frustration, social tensions, and occasional militancy. For a developing economy and
society, like ours, we need to promote work ethics, at all levels, to flourish as
developed nation.
SERVICE LEARNING
Service learning refers to learning the service policies, procedures, norms, and
conditions, other than ‘the technical trade practices’.
The service learning includes the characteristics of the work, basic requirements,
security of the job, and awareness of the procedures, while taking decisions and
actions.
It helps the individuals to interact ethically with colleagues, to effectively coordinate
with other departments, to interact cordially with suppliers as well as the customers,
and to maintain all these friendly interactions.
Alternatively, the service learning may be defined as the non-paid activity, in which
service is provided on voluntary basis to the public (have-nots in the community),
non-profitable institutions, and charitable organizations.
The service learning is a methodology falling under the category of experiential
education. It is one of the forms of experiential learning and community service
opportunities. It is distinguished in the following ways:
1. Connection to curriculum: Integrating the learning into a service project is a key
to successful service learning. Academic ties should be clear and built upon existing
disciplinary skills.
2. Learner’s voice: Beyond being actively engaged in the project, trainees have the
opportunity to select, design, implement, and evaluate their service activity.
3. Reflection: Structured opportunities are created to think, talk, and write about the
service experience. The balance of reflection and action allows the trainee to be
constantly aware of the impact of their work.
4. Partners in the community: Partnership with community agencies are used to
identify genuine needs, provide mentorship, and contribute input such as labor and
expertise towards completing the project.

23
VIRTUES
Virtues are positive and preferred values.
Virtues are desirable attitudes or character traits, motives and emotions that
enable us to be successful and to act in ways that develop our highest potential.
They energize and enable us to pursue the ideals that we have adopted. Honesty,
courage, compassion, generosity, fidelity, integrity, fairness, transparency, self-
control, and prudence are all examples of virtues.
Virtues are tendencies which include, solving problems through peaceful and
constructive means and follow the path of the golden mean between the
extremes of ‘excess and deficiency’.
They are like habits, once acquired, they become characteristics of a person.
Moreover, a person who has developed virtues will naturally act in ways consistent
with moral principles. The virtuous person is the ethical person.
Civic Virtues
Civic virtues are the moral duties and rights, as a citizen of the village or the country
or an integral part of the society and environment. An individual may exhibit
civic virtues by voting, volunteering, and organizing welfare groups and
meetings.
The duties are:
To pay taxes to the local government and state, in time.
To keep the surroundings clean and green.
Not to pollute the water, land, and air by following hygiene and
proper garbage disposal. For example, not to burn wood, tyres,
plastic materials, spit in the open, even not to smoke in the open,
and not to cause nuisance to the public, are some of the civic
(duties) virtues.
To follow the road safety rules.
On the other hand, the rights are:
To vote the local or state government.
To contest in the elections to the local or state government.
To seek a public welfare facility such as a school, hospital or a community hall or
transport or communication facility, for the residents.
To establish a green and safe environment, pollution free, corruption free, and to
follow ethical principles. People are said to have the right to breathe in fresh air,
by not allowing smoking in public.
People have inalienable right to accept or reject a project in their area. One has
the right to seek legal remedy, in this respect, through public interest petition

24
These virtues are divided into four categories:
Civic Knowledge
Citizens must understand what the Constitution says about how the government is
working, and what the government is supposed to do and what not to do.
We must understand the basis of our responsibilities as citizens, besides duties and
rights.
We must be able to recognize when the government or another citizen infringes upon
our rights.
It implies that the government requires the participation of the enlightened citizens, to
serve and survive
Self-Restraint
For citizens to live in a free society with limited government each citizen must be able to
control or restrain himself; otherwise, we would need a police state—that is, a dictatorial
government to maintain safety and order.

Self-Assertion
Self-assertion means that citizens must be proud of their rights, and have the courage to
stand up in public and defend their rights. Sometimes, a government may usurp the very
rights that it was created to protect. In such cases, it is the right of the people to alter or
abolish that government (e.g., voting rights, rights call back).

Self-Reliance
Citizens who cannot provide for themselves will need a large government to take care of
them.
Once citizens become dependent on government for their basic needs, the people are no
longer in a position to demand that government act within the confines of the
Constitution.
Self-reliant citizens are free citizens in the sense that they are not dependent on others
for their basic needs.
They do not need a large provider-government, which has the potential to become an
oppressive government, to meet those needs.
Only a strong self-reliant citizenry will be able to enjoy fully the blessings of liberty.
These civic virtues, applicable to local, state, and central governments, nourish freedom
and civil liberty at the root of democracy.

25
RESPECT FOR OTHERS
This is a basic requirement for nurturing friendship, team work, and for the synergy it
promotes and sustains. The principles enunciated in this regard are:
Recognize and accept the existence of other persons as human beings, because they
have a right to live, just as you have.
Respect others’ ideas (decisions), words, and labor (actions). One need not accept or
approve or award them, but shall listen to them first. One can correct or warn, if they
commit mistakes. Some people may wait and watch as fun, if one falls, claiming that
they know others’ mistakes before and know that they will fall! Appreciate colleagues
and subordinates on their positive actions. Criticize constructively and encourage
them. They are bound to improve their performance, by learning properly and by
putting more efforts.
Show ‘goodwill’ on others. Love others. Allow others to grow. Basically, the goodwill
reflects on the originator and multiplies itself on everybody. This will facilitate
collinearity, focus, coherence, and strength to achieve the goals.

LIVING PEACEFULLY
To live peacefully, one should start install peace within (self). Charity begins at home.
Then one can spread peace to family, organisation where one works, and then to the
world, including the environment. Only who are at peace can spread peace.
One should adopt the following means to live peacefully, in the world:
Nurture
Order in one’s life (self-regulation, discipline, and duty).
Pure thoughts in one’s soul (loving others, blessing others, friendly, and not
criticizing or hurting others by thought, word or deed).
Creativity in one’s head (useful and constructive).
Beauty in one’s heart (love, service, happiness, and peace).
Get

Good health/body (physical strength for service).

Act
Help the needy with head, heart, and hands (charity). Service to the poor is
considered holier than the service to God.
Not hurting and torturing others either physically, verbally, or mentally.

26
 The following are the factors that promote living, with internal and external
peace:
Conducive environment (safe, ventilated, illuminated and comfortable).
Secured job and motivated with ‘recognition and reward’.
Absence of threat or tension by pressure due to limitations of money or time.
Absence of unnecessary interference or disturbance, except as guidelines.
Healthy labor relations and family situations.
Service to the needy (physically and mentally-challenged) with love and
sympathy.

CARING
Caring is feeling for others.
It is a process which exhibits the interest in, and support for, the welfare of others
with fairness, impartiality and justice in all activities, among the employees, in the
context of professional ethics.
It includes showing respect to the feelings of others, and also respecting and
preserving the interests of all others concerned.
Caring is reflected in activities such as friendship, membership in social clubs and
professional societies, and through various transactions in the family, fraternity,
community, country and in international councils.
In the present day context, caring for the environment (including the fauna
and flora) has become a necessity for our very survival.

SHARING
Caring influences ‘sharing’.
Sharing is a process that describes the transfer of knowledge (teaching, learning,
and information), experience (training), commodities (material possession) and
facilities with others.
The transfer should be genuine, legal, positive, voluntary, and without any
expectation in return. However, the proprietary information it should not be
shared with outsiders.
Through this process of sharing, experience, expertise, wisdom and other benefits
reach more people faster.
Sharing is voluntary and it can not be driven by force, but motivated successfully
through ethical principles. In short, sharing is ‘charity’

27
 For the humanity, ‘sharing’ is a culture. The ‘happiness and wealth’ are multiplied and
the ‘crimes and sufferings’ are reduced, by sharing.

Sharing not only paves the way to prosperity, early and easily, and sustains it.
Economically speaking, benefits are maximized as there is no wastage or loss, and
everybody gets one’s needs fulfilled and satisfied. Commercially speaking, the profit is
maximized. Technologically, the productivity and utilization are maximized by sharing.

In the industrial arena, code-sharing in airlines for bookings on air travels and the
common Effluent Treatment Plant constructed for small-scale industries in the
industrial estates, are some of the examples of sharing. The co-operative societies for
producers as well as consumers are typical examples of sharing of the goods, profit
and other social benefits.

HONESTY
Honesty is a virtue, and it is exhibited in two aspects namely,
Truthfulness and
Trustworthiness.
Truthfulness is to face the responsibilities upon telling truth. One should keep one’s
word or promise. By admitting one’s mistake committed (one needs courage to do
that!), it is easy to fix them. Reliable engineering judgment, maintenance of truth,
defending the truth, and communicating the truth, only when it does ‘good’ to others,
are some of the reflections of truthfulness. But trustworthiness is maintaining integrity
and taking responsibility for personal performance. People abide by law and live by
mutual trust. They play the right way to win, according to the laws or rules (legally
and morally). They build trust through reliability and authenticity. They admit their
own mistakes and confront unethical actions in others and take tough and principled
stand, even if unpopular.
Honesty is mirrored in many ways. The common reflections are:
Beliefs (intellectual honesty).
Communication (writing and speech).
Decisions (ideas, discretion).
Actions (means, timing, place, and the goals). and
Intended and unintended results achieved.

28
some of the actions of an engineer that leads to dishonesty are:
Lying: Honesty implies avoidance of lying. An engineer may communicate wrong or
distorted test results intentionally or otherwise. It is giving wrong information to the right
people.
Deliberate deception: An engineer may judge or decide on matters one is not familiar
or with insufficient data or proof, to impress upon the customers or employers. This is a
self deceit.
Withholding the information: It means hiding the facts during communication to
one’s superior or subordinate, intentionally or otherwise.
Not seeking the truth: Some engineers accept the information or data, without
applying their mind and seeking the truth.
Not maintaining confidentiality: It is giving right information to wrong people. The
engineers should keep information of their customers/clients or of their employers
confidential and should not discuss them with others.
Giving professional judgment under the influence of extraneous factors such as personal
benefits and prejudice. The laws, experience, social welfare, and even conscience are
given a go-bye by such actions. Certainly this is a higher-order crime.

COURAGE
Courage is the tendency to accept and face risks and difficult tasks in rational ways. Self-
confidence is the basic requirement to nurture courage.
Courage is classified into three types, based on the types of risks, namely
Physical courage,
Social courage, and
Intellectual courage.
In physical courage, the thrust is on the adequacy of the physical strength, including the
muscle power and armaments. People with high adrenalin, may be prepared to face
challenges for the mere ‘thrill’ or driven by a decision to ‘excel’.
The social courage involves the decisions and actions to change the order, based on the
conviction for or against certain social behaviors. This requires leadership abilities,
including empathy and sacrifice, to mobilize and motivate the followers, for the social
cause.
The intellectual courage is inculcated in people through acquired knowledge, experience,
games, tactics, education, and training. In professional ethics, courage is applicable to the
employers, employees, public, and the press.

29
Facing the criticism, owning responsibility, and accepting the mistakes or errors when
committed and exposed are the expressions of courage. In fact, this sets their mind
to be vigilant against the past mistakes, and creative in finding the alternate means
to achieve the desired objectives. Prof. Sathish Dhawan, Chief of ISRO, was reported
to have exhibited his courage and owned responsibility, when the previous space
mission failed, but credited Prof. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (now our revered President),
when the subsequent mission succeeded.
The courageous people own and have shown the following characteristics, in their
professions:
Perseverance (sustained hard work),
Experimentation (preparedness to face the challenges, that is, unexpected or
unintended results),
Involvement (attitude, clear and firm resolve to act), and
Commitment (willing to get into action and to reach the desired goals by any
alternative but ethical means).
VALUING TIME
Time is rare resource. Once it is spent, it is lost for ever. It can not be either stored or
recovered. Hence, time is the most perishable and most valuable resource too. This
resource is continuously spent, whether any decision or action is taken or not.
The history of great reformers and innovators have stressed the importance of time
and valuing time. The proverbs, ‘Time and tide wait for nobody’ and ‘Procrastination
is the thief of time’ amply illustrate this point.
COOPERATION
It is a team-spirit present with every individual engaged in engineering. Co-operation
is activity between two persons or sectors that aims at integration of operations
(synergy), while not sacrificing the autonomy of either party. Further, working
together ensures, coherence, i.e., blending of different skills required, towards
common goals.
Willingness to understand others, think and act together and putting this into
practice, is cooperation. Cooperation promotes collinearity, coherence (blend), co-
ordination (activities linked in sequence or priority) and the synergy (maximizing the
output, by reinforcement). The whole is more than the sum of the individuals. It
helps in minimizing the input resources (including time) and maximizes the outputs,
which include quantity, quality, effectiveness, and efficiency.
According to professional ethics, cooperation should exist or be developed, and
maintained, at several levels; between the employers and employees, between the
superiors and subordinates, among the colleagues, between the producers and the
suppliers (spare parts), and between the organisation and its customers.

30
 The codes of ethics of various professional societies insist on appropriate cooperation to
nourish the industry. The absence of cooperation leads to lack of communication,
misinformation, void in communication, and undue delay between supply, production,
marketing, and consumption. This is likely to demoralize and frustrate the employees,
leading to collapse of the industry over time and an economic loss to the society.

The impediments to successful cooperation are:

Clash of ego of individuals.

Lack of leadership and motivation.

Conflicts of interests, based on region, religion, language, and caste.

Ignorance and lack of interest. By careful planning, motivation, leadership, fostering and
rewarding team work, professionalism and humanism beyond the ‘divides’, training on
appreciation to different cultures, mutual understanding ‘cooperation’ can be developed and
also sustained.

COMMITMENT
Commitment means alignment to goals and adherence to ethical principles during the
activities.
First of all, one must believe in one’s action performed and the expected end results
(confidence).
Holding sustained interest and firmness, in whatever ethical means one follows, with the
fervent attitude and hope that one will achieve the goals, is commitment. It is the driving
force to realize success.
This is a basic requirement for any profession. For example, a design engineer shall exhibit
a sense of commitment, to make his product or project designed a beneficial contribution to
the society

EMPATHY

Empathy is social radar. Sensing what others feel about, without their open talk, is the
essence of empathy.
Empathy begins with showing concern, and then obtaining and understanding the feelings
of others, from others’ point of view.
It is also defined as the ability to put one’s self into the psychological frame or reference or
point of view of another, to know what the other person feels.
It includes the imaginative projection into other’s feelings and understanding of other’s
background such as parentage, physical and mental state, economic situation, and
association.

31
To practice ‘Empathy’, a leader must have or develop in him, the following
characteristics5
1. Understanding others: It means sensing others feelings and perspectives, and
taking active interest in their welfare.
2. Service orientation: It is anticipation, recognition and meeting the needs of the
clients or customers.
3. Developing others: This means identification of their needs and bolstering their
abilities. In developing others, the one should inculcate in him the ‘listening skill’
first. Communication = 22% reading and writing + 23% speaking + 55% listening
4. Leveraging diversity (opportunities through diverse people): This leads to
enhanced organizational learning, flexibility, and profitability.
5. Political awareness: It is the ability to read political and social currents in an
organization.
The benefits of empathy include:
Good customer relations (in sales and service, in partnering).
Harmonious labor relations (in manufacturing).

Good vendor-producer relationship (in partnering.) While dealing with customer

complaints, empathy is very effective in realising the unbiased views of others and
in admitting one’s own limitations and failures. According to Peter Drucker, purpose
of the business is not to make a sale, but to make and keep a customer.

SELF-CONFIDENCE
Certainty in one’s own capabilities, values, and goals, is self-confidence. These
people are usually positive thinking, flexible and willing to change. They respect
others so much as they respect themselves.
Self-confidence is positive attitude, wherein the individual has some positive and
realistic view of himself, with respect to the situations in which one gets involved.
The people with self-confidence exhibit courage to get into action and unshakable
faith in their abilities, whatever may be their positions.
The self-confidence in a person develops a sense of partnership, respect, and
accountability, and this helps the organization to obtain maximum ideas, efforts, and
guidelines from its employees.
The people with self-confidence have the following characteristics:
A self-assured standing,

Willing to listen to learn from others and adopt (flexibility),

Frank to speak the truth, and respect others’ efforts and give due credit.

32
The factors that shape self-confidence in a person are:
Heredity (attitudes of parents) and family environment (elders),
Friendship (influence of friends/colleagues),
Influence of superiors/role models, and
Training in the organization ( e.g., training by Technical Evangelists at Infosys
Technologies). The following methodologies are effective in developing self-
confidence in a person:
Encouraging SWOT analysis. By evaluating their strength and weakness, they can
anticipate
and be prepared to face the results.
Training to evaluate risks and face them (self-acceptance).
Self-talk . It is conditioning the mind for preparing the self to act, without any
doubt on his capabilities. This make one accepts himself while still striving for
improvement.
Study and group discussion, on the history of leaders and innovators (e.g., Sam
Walton of Wal-Mart, USA).

Character

It is a characteristic property that defines the behavior of an individual.

It is the pattern of virtues (morally-desirable features).
Character includes attributes that determine a person’s moral and ethical actions
and responses.
People are divided into several categories, according to common tendencies such
as ruthless, aggressiveness, and ambition, constricting selfishness, stinginess, or
cheerfulness, generosity and goodwill.
Individuals vary not only in the type of their character but also in the degree.
The character is exhibited through conduct.
Character is determined by the expectations of society
The Four Temperaments
The original endowment or native element in character with which the individual
starts life is practically identical with what the Ancients recognized as
temperament. From the times of Hippocrates, they distinguished four main types
of temperaments: the Sanguine, the Choleric, the Phlegmatic, and the Melancholic

33
Types of Character
From the four fundamental temperaments, various classifications of character have been
adopted by different psychologists. M. Ribot, with more subjective division and
excluding indefinite types as ‘characterless’, recognizes the forms as:
the sensitive (humble, contemplative and emotional,
the active (great and the mediocre), and
the apathetic (purely apathetic or dull), and
the intelligent.
Building Character in the Workplace
1. Employee Hiring, Training, and Promotion Activities
Institute and adopt an organization policy statement to positive character in the
workplace.
Prominently and explicitly include character considerations in recruiting
procedures, during interviews and in the hiring deliberations.
Emphasize the importance of character and adherence to the ‘six pillars’ of
character in orientation, initial job training, and during in-service training. The six
pillars of character are the ethical values, such as: trustworthiness, respect,
responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship.
Respect means showing high regard for self, others, authority, property and
country. It includes showing appreciation for cultural diversity by valuing all
people as human beings.
Responsibility is
being accountable for one’s actions,
being dependable in carrying out obligations and duties,
being reliable and consistent in word and action, and
being committed to community development.
Integrity or fairness means showing the inner strength and courage to
be truthful, trustworthy, fair and honest in all things. It includes acting
justly and honorably.
Caring means being kind, considerate, courteous, helpful, friendly and
generous to others, and being compassionate by treating others as you
would like to be treated.
Citizenship means accepting and adopting civic rights and duties as a
citizen of the country.
Include evaluation of fundamental character values such as honesty, promise
keeping, accountability, fairness, and caring, in appraisals/reviews.
Institute recognition and reward system for the employees who exemplify the
positive character. for example, awards and medals.
Think of your employees, especially the younger ones, as people whose
personal and work values will be influenced by what you expect of them and
how you treat them.
Think of your employees as present or future mentors, coaches, and
volunteers.

34
2. Internal Communication
Use internal communication channels to create a friendly environment that praises
positive role modeling at the workplace and in the community by encouraging
voluntarism, and mentoring, e.g., through
Internal newsletters,
Workplace posters in canteens and recreation rooms,
Mailers, and
Electronic mails.

3. External Communication
In relations with customers, vendors and others, consciously communicate affirming
messages about character and ethics, such as
Advertise and market honoring consensual values (the six pillars),
Assure that none of your products and services undermines character building,
Include positive messages about voluntarism and celebrate, and
‘Character counts’ week in advertising, billings and other mailers.

4. Financial and Human Resources

Support local and national ‘character’ projects and the activities of the
members by encouraging staff members to get involved. Offer incentives such
as paying employees for the time they contribute at a local youth-service
organization.
Sponsor ‘character’ movement through financial support.

5. Community Outreach
Use public outreach structures to encourage mentoring and other character-
building programs.
Encourage educational and youth organizations to become active in character
building.
Use corporate influence to encourage business groups (chambers of
commerce, conference boards, and Rotary clubs) and other companies to
support ‘character’ building.

35
SPIRITUALITY
Spirituality is a way of living that emphasizes the constant awareness and recognition of the
spiritual dimension (mind and its development) of nature and people, with a dynamic balance
between the material development and the spiritual development.

Spirituality includes creativity, communication, recognition of the individual as human being (as
opposed to a life-less machine), respect to others, acceptance (stop finding faults with
colleagues and accept them the way they are), vision (looking beyond the obvious and not
believing anyone blindly), and partnership (not being too authoritative, and always sharing
responsibility with others, for better returns).

Creativity in spirituality means conscious efforts to see things differently, to break out of habits
and outdated beliefs to find new ways of thinking, doing and being. Suppression of creativity
leads to violence. People are naturally creative. When they are forced to crush their
creativity, its energy turns to destructive release and actions.

Spirituality in the Workplace

Building spirituality in the workplace: Spirituality is promoted in the workplace by adhering to the
following activities:
Verbally respect the individuals as humans and recognize their values in all
decisions and actions.
Get to know the people with whom you work and know what is important to
them. Know their goals, desires, and dreams too.
State your personal ethics and your beliefs clearly.
Support causes outside the business.
Encourage leaders to use value-based discretion in making decisions.
Demonstrate your own self-knowledge and spirituality in all your actions.
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

Sprituality for Corporate Excellence

The spiritual traits to be developed for excellence in corporate activities are listed as follows:
Self-awareness — Realization of self-potential. A human has immense
capability but it needs to be developed.
Alertness in observation and quickness in decision making, i.e.,
spontaneity which includes quick reflexes, no delay but also no hasty
decisions.
Being visionary and value based — This includes an attitude towards
future of the organization and the society, with clear objectives.
Holism — Whole system or comprehensive views and interconnected with
different aspects. Holistic thinking, which means the welfare of the self,
family, organization and the society including all other living beings and
environment.
Compassion — Sympathy, empathy and concern for others. These are
essential for not only building the team but also for its effective functioning.

36
 Respect for diversity — It means search for unity in diversity i.e., respect
others and their views.
Moral Autonomy — It means action based on rational and moral
judgment. One need not follow the crowd or majority i.e., band-wagon
effect.
Creative thinking and constant reasoning — Think if we can do
something new and if we can improve further?
Ability to analyze and synthesize — Refrain from doing something only
traditional.
Positive views of adversity — Make adversities one’s source of power—a
typical Karma yogi’s outlook! Every threat is converted into opportunity.
Humility — The attitude to accept criticism (it requires courage!) and
willing to correct. It includes modesty and acknowledging the work of
colleagues.
Sense of vocation — Treat the duty as a service to society, besides your
organization.
Introduction to Yoga and meditation for professional
excellence and stress management.
Yoga, which developed in India, is an ancient tradition of bringing together the physical,
emotional, mental and spiritual aspects of our being.

The goal of yoga is to recognize our true nature and the inherent wisdom.

The word yoga is derived from the Sanskrit verbal root “yuj” which means “to yoke”. It
has a wide array of meanings which range from “union” to “spiritual endeavour”.

Essentially, yoga means union; union within yourself, union with the divine spirit within
and harmony between you and all that is within your world.

Meditation is a practice in which an individual trains the mind or induces a mode of

consciousness, either to realize some benefit

Meditation seeks to intentionally remove the distraction of the external world to let us
observe what our mind will naturally produce on its own, allowing us to gain a deeper
understanding of our own thought process.

37
Meditation originally was meant to help deepen understanding of the sacred and
mystical forces of life. These days, meditation is commonly used for relaxation and
stress reduction.

Meditation produces a deep state of relaxation and eases many health concerns,
such as high blood pressure, depression and anxiety by repeating a mantra and
closing the eye

The term meditation refers to a broad variety of practices that includes techniques
designed to promote relaxation, build internal energy or life force and develop
compassion, love, patience, generosity and forgiveness.

Meditation aims at effortlessly sustained single-pointed concentration meant to

enable its practitioner to enjoy as indestructible sense of well-being and practice
human values while in any life activity.

Yoga and Meditation together helps an individual to achieve professional excellence

and manage stress because of the work pressure and other factors in the
organization.

Mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, stress are the most common
reasons that lack individuals from performing their best.

Yoga and meditation encourages one to relax, slow the breath and focus on the
present, shifting the balance from the sympathetic nervous system and the flight-or-
fight response to the parasympathetic system and the relaxation response.

The practice of yoga and meditation generates balanced energy which is vital to the
function of the immune system.

This practice optimizes the body’s sympathetic responses to stressful stimuli and
restores autonomic regulatory reflex mechanisms associated with stress.

38
 This inhibition results in lower anxiety, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure
and cardiac outputs in students and professional practicing yoga and meditation.

Stress has a negative impact on the immune system and prolonged exposure
increases susceptibility to disease and leads to physical and mental health
problems such as anxiety and depression

Practicing yoga and meditation as a means to manage and relieve both acute and
chronic stress helps individuals overcome other co-morbidities associated with
diseases and leads to increased quality of life
Benefits of Yoga and Meditation
Improved flexibility

reduced aches and pains.

increases blood flow, hemoglobin in red blood cells
allows more oxygen to reach the body cells, enhancing their function
dilutes the blood which reduces the risk of heart attack and stroke.
reduce stress, promote healing and enhance quality of life for patients with cancer
increase relaxation and induce a balanced mental state

39
 Video Links
UNIT I - HUMAN VALUES

S.No Topic Video Link

1 E-Book Reference https://soaneemrana.org/onewebmedia

/Professional%20Ethics%20and%20Hu
man%20Values%20by%20R.S%20NAA
GARAZAN.pdf

2 Human Values https://www.slideshare.net/drgst/ge607

5-professional-ethics-in-engineering-
unit-1

40
 10. Assignment
UNIT I - HUMAN VALUES

1.Explain briefly about Why Do You Think Work Ethic Is Important?

With relevant scenarios

Course Outcome : 01

Program Outcome :PO6, PO8, PO9, PO10, PO12

2. How would you manage stress and discuss role of yoga and spirituality in stress
management

Course Outcome: 01

Program Outcome : PO6, PO8, PO9, PO10, PO12

41
 11. Part A Question & Answer
UNIT I - HUMAN VALUES

S.No Question and Answers CO K

1 What are human values? CO1 k1

Values decide the standard of behavior. Some universally
accepted values are freedom justice and equality. Other
principles of values are love, care, honesty, integrity, self-
respect.
2 What are ethical values? CO1 k1
Trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring is
ethical values
3 What is integrity? CO1 K1
Integrity is the unity of character based on moral values.
Consistency in attitudes, emotions and conduct in relations
to morally justified actions and values are also the part of
integrity of individual. It implies honesty, trustworthiness
4 Define work ethics CO1 K1
By one’s work one cannot harm others. Any worker cannot
escape accountability. Worker has the moral responsibility to
see that no other person’s right, private or freedom is
impaired or transgressed.
5 What is service learning? CO1 K1
Service learning refers to learning the service policies,
procedures, norms, and conditions, other than ‘the technical
trade practices’.
The service learning includes the characteristics of the
work, basic requirements, security of the job, and awareness
of the procedures, while taking decisions and actions.
6 Write short notes on caring and sharing. CO1 K1
Caring is the essence of moral life. Caring involves feelings,
relationship, contends with other persons and protecting
others and causing least damage to others.
Sharing means sharing of feelings, ideas, thoughts,
resources and profits. Sharing is always mutually beneficial.
Sharing morally acceptable feelings, resources and materials
is a value.
7 Differentiate Self-respect and Self-esteem? CO1 K1
Self-respect: It is a moral concept; refers to the virtue
properly valuing oneself.
Self-esteem: It is a psychological concept; means having a
positive attitude toward Oneself, even if the attitude is
excessive or otherwise unwarranted.
42
S.N Question and Answers CO K
o
8 List the five Characteristics of a Good Work Ethic CO1 K1
Reliability, Dedication, Productivity, Cooperation, and
Character
9 Define co-operation. CO1 K1
Co-operation means extending help to others, for a good
cause. Co-operation may be through an idea, a suggestion, an
assistance or physical work which extends to others for
common benefit
10 What is courage as a value? CO1 K1
Courage implies self-respect and governs confrontations with
danger and risk.
It is not excessive rashes or cowardice, but it is the middle
ground. Taking calculated risks and boldness in facing crises
are the hallmarks of courage as a human value.

11 Define empathy. CO1 K1

Empathy means putting self in a position of someone else and
thinking as the later and reasoning suitable action.
12 Give the two aspects of Honesty? CO1 K1
Truthfulness – meeting responsibilities concerning truth-
telling.
Trustworthiness –Meeting responsibilities concerning trust.
13 Define Integrity? CO1 K1
Integrity is the bridge between responsibility in private and
professional life.
14 Define Compromise? CO1 K1
In a negative sense it means to undetermined integrity by
violating one’s fundamental moral principles. In a positive
sense, however, it means to settle differences by mutual
concessions or to reconcile conflicts through adjustments in
attitude and conduct.
15 Define spirituality. CO1 K1
Spirituality raises a man above the materialistic world into a
realm where he seeks peace and real happiness.

43
S.No Question and Answers CO K

16 Define spirituality? CO1 K1

Spirituality raises a man above the materialistic world into a
realm where he seeks peace and real happiness

17 Explain Stress Management. CO1 K1

Stress management refers to the wide spectrum of
techniques and psychotherapies aimed at controlling a
person's levels of stress, especially chronic stress, usually for
the purpose of improving every day functioning.
18 Explain Respect for others. CO1 K1
Respect is a positive feeling of admiration or deference for a
person. Respect can be a specific feeling of regard for the
actual qualities of the one respected.
19 Explain civic virtue. CO1 K1
Civic virtues are the moral duties and rights, as a citizen of
the village or the country or an integral part of the society
and environment.
Civic virtues are divided into four categories:
1. Civic Knowledge
2. Self-Restraint
3. Self-Assertion
4. Self-Reliance
20 What are the objectives Professional Ethics and Human CO1 K1
Values?
(a)to understand the moral values that ought to guide the
Engineering profession
(b) resolve the moral issues in the profession
21 What are the objectives of the study on Professional Ethics CO1 K1
Improvement of the cognitive skills
To act in morally desirable ways, towards moral commitment
and responsible conduct
22 What is moral? CO1 K1
Morals are the welfare principles enunciated by the wise
people, based on their experience and wisdom.
23 What are the five core human values? CO1 K1
The five core human values are: (1) Right conduct, (2)
Peace, (3) Truth, (4) Love, and (5) Non- violence.

44
 12. Part B Questions
S.No Questions CO K
1 What is courage? What are salient features of courage? CO1 K1

2 Write short notes on the human values civic virtue CO1 K1

commitment

3 What is empathy? Discuss its role in the spiritual CO1 K1

development for excellence in an organization with suitable
examples

4 What is service learning? Discuss its role in caring and CO1 K1

sharing in society with suitable examples

5 Define empathy? State and explain the elements benefits of CO1 K1

empathy and compare empathy with sympathy

6 What is service learning? Why service is important? Explain CO1 K1

the characteristics of service learning

7 Discuss the role of yoga in professional excellence and stress CO1 K1

management

8 Explain the scope and importance of professional ethics in CO1 K1

engineering

9 What is spirtuality? What are the spiritual traits to be CO1 K1

developed for excellence in an organization. Discuss with
suitable examples

10 Write short notes honesty and integrity CO1 K1

11 What do you understand by the term spirituality? Explain in CO1 K1
detail
12 Define the terms Values, Morals & Ethics? CO1 K1

13 Explain the importance of self-confidence in ethics CO1 K1

14 Explain the role of yoga in professional ethics CO1 K1

What is integrity? How integrity plays a major role in work
ethics? Discuss with suitable examples

45
 13. SUPPORTIVE ONLINE CERTIFICATION COURSES

Sl.No Name of the Name of the Course Website Link

. Institute

1. UDEMY Value Education and https://www.udemy.com/course/value-

Professional Ethics education-and-professional-ethics/

2. EDX Ethical Dilemmas in https://www.edx.org/course/ethical-dilemmas-

Professional Engineering in-professional-engineering

3. COURSERA Ethics in the Age of AI https://www.coursera.org/specializations/e

Specialization thics-in-ai

46
14. Real Time Applications In Day To Day Life And To Software
Industry

Given that technology and software products have a significant impact on

society, ethics are crucial in the software industry. When creating, distributing, and testing
software products in this sector, ethical considerations must be made. Data privacy, user
data protection, cybersecurity, and responsible use of technology are a few ethical issues in
the software industry. Companies must, for instance, make sure that any personal
information about users that is collected is safeguarded and not misused, and that their
software products are developed and tested in a way that safeguards users from harm. The
ethical use of technology is another factor that is taken into account in the software
industry. This includes making sure that software products don't cause harm, like fostering
digital divides, supporting fake news, or fostering addictive behaviors.

•corporate ownership of personal data;

•algorithmic bias;
•weak cyber security and personally identifiable information (PII) protection;
and
•overemphasis on features.

corporate ownership of personal data

With the development of devices and software, the processing of biometric and other
contextual data about customers using AI has increased exponentially. Software has the
unsettling ability to profile users and forecast behaviors in great detail. Miguel Lopes, vice
president of product line management at Vidyo, a video conference platform, stated that
"typically, the ethical question is [one of] what to do with that data." This moral conundrum
affects developers in all industries, not just the social media behemoths that dominate the
news. The process of gathering data and creating a profile is guided by an algorithm, but
the developer is typically aware of the potential of this data when used in context.

47
Algorithmic bias
Existing biases can be amplified by technology. According to Spencer Lentz, principal, AI
and digital process automation, digital customer experience, at consulting firm
Capgemini, bias is one of the more important ethical issues that today's developers must
deal with. The system frequently experiences undetected bias Lentz likens prejudice to a
virus. There is no inherent moral code in computers. Software can only gain knowledge
from the instruction it receives. Bias must therefore be removed from the training data
and the algorithms that developers and data scientists create. According to Lentz, bias
frequently focuses on excluding options for the wrong reasons from the developer's
perspective.
weak cyber security and personally identifiable information (PII)
protection
As software takes on more responsibility in both our online and offline environments,
application security is becoming more and more crucial. Security is frequently not
addressed during development; instead, it occurs after code has been released. As a
result, there are no secure development standards in the software industry. The focus is
almost entirely on getting a product to market, according to Randolph Morris, CEO of
software development consultancy Bit Developers. The emphasis shifts from security to
new features and performance enhancement once a software product is made available
to the general public, so security still receives little attention.
Overemphasis on features.
The choice to prioritize software release capabilities over any potential negative effects is
at the heart of many ethical dilemmas. However, just because you can doesn't
necessarily mean you should. According to Tim Mackey, principal security strategist at
Synopsys Cyber Security Research Center, "if the development team is measured on
their rate of feature development, there's a high probability that the ethics of a given
implementation might not be front of mind, either at the design or at the
implementation phase." Electronic design automation is a specialty of Synopsys. The
company must set the bar for moral behavior in its software. Throughout the entire
lifecycle of the software, from design to operation, reflect ethics priorities. educate
employees about moral decisions, such as open source software licensing,

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 15. Content Beyond Syllabus

What is ethical philosophy?

Ethical philosophy refers to the study of morality and the principles that govern
human behavior. It is concerned with questions about what is right and wrong, good
and bad, and what actions are morally acceptable or not. Ethical philosophy
encompasses a wide range of approaches and theories, each of which provides a
framework for understanding and making ethical decisions.

Some of the major branches of ethical philosophy include:

1.Deontological ethics: This approach holds that there are objective moral duties and
obligations that are independent of their consequences. Deontologists believe that
certain actions are inherently right or wrong and that people should act according to
moral rules, regardless of the consequences.
2.Consequentialist ethics: This approach holds that the morality of an action depends
on its consequences. Consequentialists believe that the rightness or wrongness of an
action depends on the outcomes it produces and that the goal of ethical decision-
making is to produce the best overall outcome.

Explain the term ‘Virtue ethics’

This approach focuses on the character of the person making the ethical decision.
Virtue ethicists believe that the key to ethical decision-making is to cultivate virtuous
character traits, such as honesty, courage, and compassion.

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 16. ASSESSMENT SCHEDULE

Assessment Tools Proposed Date Actual Date

I ASSESSMENT 07-03-2023
II ASSESSMENT 26-04-2023
MODEL 20-05-2023

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17. PRESCRIBED TEXT BOOKS &REFERENCE BOOKS

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mike W. Martin and Roland Schinzinger, ―Ethics in Engineering‖, Tata McGraw
Hill, New Delhi, 2003.
2.Govindarajan M, Natarajan S, Senthil Kumar V. S, ―Engineering Ethics‖, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi, 2004.
REFERENCES:
1.Charles B. Fleddermann, ―Engineering Ethics‖, Pearson Prentice Hall, New
Jersey, 2004.
2.Charles E. Harris, Michael S. Pritchard and Michael J. Rabins, ―Engineering
Ethics – Concepts and Cases‖, Cengage Learning, 2009.
3.John R Boatright, ―Ethics and the Conduct of Business‖, Pearson Education,
New Delhi, 2003
4. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, ―Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists
and Engineers‖, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.
5.Laura P. Hartman and Joe Desjardins, ―Business Ethics: Decision Making for
Personal Integrity and Social Responsibility‖ Mc Graw Hill education, India
Pvt.Ltd.,New Delhi, 2013.
6.World Community Service Centre, ‗ Value Education‘, Vethathiri publications,
Erode, 2011.

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 18. Mini Project Suggestion

Perform a case study on Stress Management under the topic

Today's more frequent natural disasters, armed conflict, migration,

and epidemics result in more deaths, population displacement, and
financial loss. Healthcare workers (HCWs) and health systems are
under increasing pressure as a result. The ethical issues that arise in
crisis situations may be distinct from those in regular practise, and
they may result in avoidable harm or the violation of fundamental
human rights.

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 Thank you

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