© December 2019 | IJIRT | Volume 6 Issue 7 | ISSN: 2349-6002

Waste Management in Urban Cities

Ms. M. Rubika1, Mrs. M. Sudha2

1
M.E, Dept. of Communication Systems, Paavai Engg College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India
2
Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE, Paavai Engg College, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract- The population growth has put tremendous information is a major challenging task. This
pressure on the quality of Environment of urban life. flounder perturb the quick nationwide rate of growth
The waste management is a complicated task all over in heaped urban areas as well as its growing demand
the world recently. Consequently the need of well-
for the citywide ecological and environmental
organized recycling process is necessary in cities. The
protection. This is a major challenging in waste
existing manual waste segregation has several issues like
discrimination, health problems and it is a time
management system to create a prototype because of
consuming process. Hence new techniques are needed to the paucity of planning and systematization among
identify the recyclable wastes. The objective of this government, people and local authority for shipping
project is to design a robot (Recyclebot) that and processing waste. Currently the waste gathering
automatically segregates recyclable and non-recyclable is conventional which acquire a lot of labors and is
wastes and to create awareness among people about the time overwhelming process.
benefits of recycling. The proposed system uses an
algorithm that segregates the different types of wastes
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM
according to the texture. The system comprises of
different modules for navigation, image acquisition,
image processing and human-machine interface. It is
mounted with two waste-bins on its either side to
classify recyclable and non-recyclable materials and has
a camera on the top. It uses image processing to analyze
the object against its database and direct it towards the
corresponding waste-bin using linear actuators.

Index terms- Recyclebot, According to the texture,

Images acquisition, Image Processing

1. INTRODUCTION

Rapid population growth, urbanization and industrial

growth have led to severe problems. In today's era
most of the countries are developing at a rapid rate a
lot of unwanted waste is being generated like
electronics, plastics and many biodegradable
products. Waste management being the utmost 3. LITERATURE SURVEY
spurned factors in developing countries creates an
urgency to address this problem. In metropolitan or A number of different research papers have been
city areas, the clearance of waste management has surveyed to gather the related information regarding
been a grind task for the majority of the country all the project. A Smart Dustbin was presented, based on
over the world. There is need of a well- organized IoT that contained the smart bin which was being
waste clearance system is mandatory by keeping made on a platform, based on Arduino Uno board
green environment. There are many existing expertise that had been linked with ultrasonic sensor and a
mechanism are available for handling as well as GSM modem. Some researchers also made a
managing waste. But, the lacking for gathering conclusion that numerous issues like durability,

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perpetuation and affordability were seen during the dustbin is empty and not overflowing with garbage.
designing of these bins. The camera, mounted on the chassis of the robot,
The scientists also suggested the technique for remains inactive until an object is detected by the
management and disposal of garbage, in which the proximity sensor. When an object is detected, the
garbage bin had been made to interface and connect camera captures a single image and sends it to the
with a system which was based on microcontroller server for image processing classification to detect it
and also had IR systems along with a main system as garbage or non-garbage. The advantage of this
that clearly displayed the current weight and level of method is that a lot of time, memory and power is
the waste in the bin. In other systems the present saved by performing processing on a single image,
status of dustbin was made to see on a web page that rather than continuously performing processing on
was mobile based, by using the Wi-Fi. The author every frame of a live video feed. Thus we can solve
also suggested a way for managing the picking up of this purpose by using low end processors and hence
garbage from different location of the cities and the hardware cost shall be substantially reduced.
common living area. In this system, the amount of The waste management can be done in a faster and in
trash in the dustbin was sensed by the ultrasonic a smarter manner with effective usage of dustbin.
sensor that will thereby report the present situation of 5.1. ADVANTAGES
the trash bin to recommended authority via GSM Real-time info on the extent of the trash in dustbin.
module. Some systems also developed a GUI that Saves environment and money. Ensures that the
was MATLAB based. Some researchers also dustbin is empty and not overflowing with garbage.
analysed Decision System that may also be worned Saves life of workers from any type of harmful or
by trash collection in the urban regions. infected objects in the garbage.
This system was made to handle the impotent
collection of waste in the city areas that are too 6. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
inaccessible. Some of them placed a camera in those
areas of the urban regions that were facing severe 6.1. ARDUINO UNO CONTROLLER
problems.

4. THE URBAN SOLID WASTE

The characteristics of waste depend on various

factors like food habits, cultural traditions of the
inhabitants, lifestyles, climate, etc. Waste is usually
collected in house in small bins and is then
transferred to community bins either by those who
generate it or by private or municipal workers. Waste
from community bins is collected by truck and
carried to the disposal site.
With continuous population growth in these
metropolitan cities, at an average rate of more than The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on
4% every year. The plastic products viz., carry bags, the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins
blood bags, coloured plastic pots are fast becoming (of which six can be used as PWM outputs), six
popular in both rural and urban India. The packaging analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB
and poly vinyl chloride (PVC) pipes industry are connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
growing at 16-18 per cent per annum. button. It can be programmed with the (Arduino
Software (IDE)). Select "Arduino/Genuino Uno from
5. PROPOSED SYSTEM the Tools > Board menu (according to the
microcontroller on your board). For details, see the
In “Waste Management” the real-time info on the reference and tutorials. The ATmega328 on the
extent of the trash in dustbin. It ensures that the Arduino Uno comes pre-programmed with a boot

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loader that allows you to upload new code to it be easily tested before being embedded as a
without the use of an external hardware programmer. subroutine into a larger program.

6.2. LABVIEW 6.4. CODE COMPILATION

LabVIEW (short for Laboratory Virtual Instrument In terms of performance, LabVIEW includes a
Engineering Workbench) is a system-design platform compiler that produces native code for the CPU
and development environment for a visual platform. The graphical code is translated into
programming language from National Instruments. executable machine code by interpreting the syntax
The graphical language is named "G" (not to be and by compilation. The LabVIEW syntax is strictly
confused with G-code. Originally released for the enforced during the editing process and compiled into
Apple Macintosh in 1986, LabVIEW is commonly the executable machine code when requested to run
used for data acquisition, instrument control, and or upon saving. In the latter case, the executable and
industrial automation on a variety of platforms the source code are merged into a single file. The
including Microsoft Windows, various versions of executable runs with the help of the LabVIEW run-
UNIX, Linux, and OS X. The latest version of time engine, which contains some precompiled code
LabVIEW is LabVIEW 2015, released in August to perform common tasks that are defined by the G
2015. language. The run-time engine reduces compilation
time and also provides a consistent interface to
6.3. GRAPHICAL PROGRAMMING various operating systems, graphic systems, hardware
LabVIEW ties the creation of user interfaces (called components, etc. The run-time environment makes
front panels) into the development cycle. LabVIEW the code portable across platforms. Generally,
programs/subroutines are called virtual instruments LabVIEW code can be slower than equivalent
(VIs). Each VI has three components: a block compiled C code, although the differences often lie
diagram, a front panel and a connector panel. The last more with program optimization than inherent
is used to represent the VI in the block diagrams of execution speed.
other, calling VIs. The front panel is built using
controls and indicators. Controls are inputs – they 7. CONCLUSION
allow a user to supply information to the VI.
Indicators are outputs – they indicate, or display, the In this project, a smart waste management technique
results based on the inputs given to the VI. The back has been developed in simulation. Through
panel, which is a block diagram, contains the LabVIEW software, the system separates the
graphical source code. All of the objects placed on different wastes according to their texture. Thus, by
the front panel will appear on the back panel as implementing this project in real time it can make a
terminals. The back panel also contains structures contribution towards the enhancement of Smart City
and functions which perform operations on controls Project, thereby making the dream of CLEAN INDIA
and supply data to indicators. The structures and GREEN INDIA come true.
functions are found on the Functions palette and can 7.1. SIMULATION RESULT
be placed on the back panel. Collectively controls,
indicators, structures and functions will be referred to
as nodes. Nodes are connected to one another using
wires – e.g. two controls and an indicator can be
wired to the addition function so that the indicator
displays the sum of the two controls. Thus a virtual
instrument can either be run as a program, with the
front panel serving as a user interface, or, when
dropped as a node onto the block diagram, the front
panel defines the inputs and outputs for the node
through the connector pane. This implies each VI can

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7.2. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT in IEEE International conference on I-SMAC,

Currently, this project is limited to single platform or 2017.
single storied building and in future this can be [10] PranjalLokhande, M.D.Pawar, “Garbage
extended in multi-storied buildings. It can Collection Management System”, in
particularly be used for nuclear-waste collection, International Journal of Engineering and
where human presence is unsafe. It is primarily Computer Science, 2016.
proposed for a “smart city”.

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