PROJECT TITLE (Title Page)

This report is presented as part of Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Avionics Engineering

Supervisor Write name here

Co-Supervisor Write name here

Group Members
Name Roll No.
XYZ BAE- F15- ABC
XYZ BAE- F15- ABC

THE SUPERIOR COLLEGE LAHORE

DEPARTMENT OF AVIONICS ENGINEERING
Academic Year XXXX
TITLE

SUPERVISOR
/
NAME

MEMBER NAME REG. NO. EMAIL ADDRESS

CHECKLIST:
Number of pages in this report (Excluding preliminary pages)

I/We have enclosed the soft-copy of this document along-with

YES / NO
the codes and scripts created by myself/ourselves

My/Our supervisor has attested the attached document YES / NO

Report is checked for plagiarism YES / NO

MEMBERS’ SIGNATURES

Supervisor’s Signature
 Declaration
I/ We certify that no portion of the work referred to in the dissertation has been submitted in
support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or any other
university/institute or other institution of learning.

MEMBERS’ SIGNATURES
 Plagiarism Certificate
The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own. It is free from plagiarism and the
appropriate credit has been given where references have been made to the work of others.

MEMBERS’ SIGNATURES

Supervisor’s Signature
 Approval
The Department of Avionics Engineering of The Superior College, Lahore has approved this
work; entitled “Project Title” for fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of “Bachelors of
Science in Avionics Engineering”.

Supervisor:

Program Manager:
 Copyright Statement

Copyright in text of this thesis rests with the student author. Copies (by any process) either in full,
or of extracts, may be made only in accordance with instructions given by the author and lodged in
the Library of The Superior College, Lahore. Details may be obtained by the Librarian. This page
must form part of any such copies made. Further copies (by any process) may not be made without
the permission (in writing) of the author.
The ownership of any intellectual property rights which may be described in this thesis is vested in
Department of Avionics Engineering, The Superior College, Lahore, subject to any prior
agreement to the contrary, and may not be made available for use by third parties without the
written permission of the Department of Avionics Engineering, which will prescribe the terms and
conditions of any such agreement.
 Acknowledgement

This project is a bachelor’s thesis “Thesis Topic” at Superior University Lahore. The content of
the thesis is based on our personal interest in UAS technology and its impact in commercial
market in following years. It aims to improve capturing method of a drone in restricted areas and
especially in defense sector. We would like to thank the HOD, Sir Ilyas Mahmood, for granting
us opportunities for pursuing exciting projects and for supporting us during the process of
developing our project thesis.
Foremost, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our advisor, XXXXXXX and Co-
advisor, XXXXXXX, Department of Aviation Technology and Avionics Engineering, Superior
University Lahore. We could not have completed this project without their constant
encouragements, valuable insight, motivations and guideline; we would like to thank our parents
and friends for support and encouraging us.
Dedicated to my exceptional parents and adored siblings whose
tremendous support and cooperation led me to this wonderful
accomplishment
 Abstract

Vibratory stresses are the main cause of failure in gas turbine engines and other rotating
machinery components. These stresses must be attenuated to an acceptable level through an
efficient process in order to prevent failures in turbine blades. Previous studies have shown that a
thin magneto mechanical coating layer can make a significant contribution to the damping and
reduction of these vibratory stresses. Previous studies on analyzing the damping characteristics
of these coatings for various applications, such as beams and turbine blades, employed general
solid mechanics loads. In this study, we numerically compute aerodynamic loads on one and a
half stage axial turbine and applied these loads on the blade via a mapping procedure in order to
bring more reality to the problem. We employ a three-dimensional finite-volume based solver to
simulate the flow in the turbine using SST model to account for turbulence effects. Sliding mesh
technique is used to allow the transfer of flow parameters across the sliding rotor/stator
interfaces. In order to model a single passage configuration, profile transformation method is
used. A free vibration analysis has been performed to obtain natural frequencies and
corresponding mode shapes to analyze resonance conditions. The computed CFD loads are then
applied to an uncoated and coated turbine blade through a finite-element analysis (FEA)
package. A forced response analysis is performed at the critical frequencies to obtain vibratory
stresses. Numerical results show suppression of vibratory stresses at various low and high
frequency vibration modes. The results are benchmarked against published data and closely
match the expected outcome. The research presents an effective procedure for suppression of
vibratory stresses in gas turbine engine component subjected to real world aerodynamic loading.
The new procedure is a significant improvement towards more realistic simulation-based
solutions for vibration suppression problems.

Key Words: Vibratory Stresses, Forced response analysis, Magneto mechanical material
coating
 Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Copyright Statement...............................................................................................................6
Acknowledgement..................................................................................................................7
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................10
List of Figures......................................................................................................................12
List of Tables........................................................................................................................13
Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................14
1.1 Background: Context and relevance of the project..............................................14
1.2 Problem Statement: Clearly define the problem addressed by the project..........14
1.3 Objectives: The aims and goals of the project.....................................................14
1.4 Scope of the Project: Boundaries and limitations................................................14
1.5 Organization of the Report: Brief overview of the report structure.....................14
Chapter 2: Literature Review...............................................................................................14
2.1 Introduction: Overview of what this chapter covers............................................14
2.2 Theoretical Background: Key theories and concepts...........................................14
2.3 Previous Work: Summary of past research and projects relevant to your topic.. 14
2.4 Gaps in Literature: Identifying what has not been addressed in previous studies.
14
Chapter 3: Methodology......................................................................................................15
3.1 Introduction: Overview of the approach and methodology.................................15
3.2 Research Design: Description of the research framework...................................15
3.3 Data Collection: Methods and tools used for data gathering...............................15
3.4 Data Analysis: Techniques and tools used for analyzing data.............................15
3.5 Materials and Equipment: Any specific materials or equipment used.................15
3.6 Procedure: Step-by-step description of the project execution..............................15
Chapter 4: Implementation...................................................................................................16
4.1 System Design: Architecture and design of the system or model developed......16
 4.2 Development: Details of the development process..............................................16
4.3 Challenges: Issues encountered and how they were addressed...........................16
4.4 Testing: Description of the testing phase, including test cases, results, and bug
fixes. 16
Chapter 5: Results and Discussion.......................................................................................17
5.1 Results: Presentation of the findings, including tables, graphs, and charts.........17
5.2 Analysis: Interpretation of the results..................................................................17
5.3 Discussion: Implications of the findings and how they compare to existing
research............................................................................................................................17
Chapter 6: Conclusion and Future Work.............................................................................18
6.1 Conclusion: Summarize the main findings and their significance.......................18
6.2 Contributions: Highlight the contributions of the project to the field..................18
6.3 Limitations: Discuss any limitations faced during the project.............................18
6.4 Future Work: Suggestions for future research or improvements.........................18
References............................................................................................................................19
Appendices...........................................................................................................................20
Appendix A: Additional data, code, or other supplementary material............................20
Appendix B: Detailed description of any tools or techniques not covered in the main
chapters............................................................................................................................20
Glossary................................................................................................................................21
 List of Figures

Copyright Statement 6
Acknowledgement 7
Table of Contents 10
List of Figures 10
List of Tables 11
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 12
1.1 Background, Scope and Motivation 12
1.1.1 Fluid Dynamics and Rotor Stator Interaction 13
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER 3:
METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND
DISCUSSIONS CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS 16
APPENDIX A 18
 List of Tables

Table 2-1: Geometrical Data of IST Turbine [90]

 Chapter 1: Introduction

Write a short paragraph about your project.

1.1 Background: Context and relevance of the project.

In recent years, the proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known
as drones, has revolutionized various sectors, including agriculture, surveillance, and delivery
services. However, this rapid expansion has also led to significant challenges, particularly
concerning security and privacy. Unauthorized drones can pose serious threats by breaching
restricted airspaces, endangering public safety, and infringing on privacy rights. Addressing
these concerns, the "Drone Hunter" project aims to develop an advanced, autonomous system
capable of detecting, tracking, and neutralizing unauthorized drones. By integrating cutting-edge
technologies in radar detection, artificial intelligence, and countermeasure deployment, Drone
Hunter offers a robust solution to mitigate the risks associated with rogue drone activities,
ensuring safer and more secure airspace management.

In recent years, the proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), commonly known
as drones, has revolutionized various sectors, including agriculture, surveillance, and delivery
services. However, this rapid expansion has also led to significant challenges, particularly
concerning security and privacy. Unauthorized drones can pose serious threats by breaching
restricted airspaces, endangering public safety, and infringing on privacy rights. Addressing
these concerns, the "Drone Hunter" project aims to develop an advanced, autonomous system
capable of detecting, tracking, and neutralizing unauthorized drones. By integrating cutting-edge
technologies in radar detection, artificial intelligence, and countermeasure deployment, Drone
Hunter offers a robust solution to mitigate the risks associated with rogue drone activities,
ensuring safer and more secure airspace management.

1.2 Problem Statement: Clearly define the problem addressed by the project.
1.3 Objectives: The aims and goals of the project.
1.4 Scope of the Project: Boundaries and limitations.
1.5 Organization of the Report: Brief overview of the report structure.
 Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Introduction: Overview of what this chapter covers.

2.2 Theoretical Background: Key theories and concepts.
2.3 Previous Work: Summary of past research and projects relevant to your topic.
2.4 Gaps in Literature: Identifying what has not been addressed in previous
studies.
 Chapter 3: Methodology

3.1 Introduction: Overview of the approach and methodology.

3.2 Research Design: Description of the research framework.
3.3 Data Collection: Methods and tools used for data gathering.
3.4 Data Analysis: Techniques and tools used for analyzing data.
3.5 Materials and Equipment: Any specific materials or equipment used.
3.6 Procedure: Step-by-step description of the project execution.
 Chapter 4: Implementation

4.1 System Design: Architecture and design of the system or model developed.
4.2 Development: Details of the development process.
4.3 Challenges: Issues encountered and how they were addressed.
4.4 Testing: Description of the testing phase, including test cases, results, and bug
fixes.
 Chapter 5: Results and Discussion

5.1 Results: Presentation of the findings, including tables, graphs, and charts.
5.2 Analysis: Interpretation of the results.
5.3 Discussion: Implications of the findings and how they compare to existing
research.
 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Future Work

6.1 Conclusion: Summarize the main findings and their significance.

6.2 Contributions: Highlight the contributions of the project to the field.
6.3 Limitations: Discuss any limitations faced during the project.
6.4 Future Work: Suggestions for future research or improvements.
 References

A list of all the sources cited in the report, formatted according to a standard citation style
(e.g., APA, MLA, IEEE). Example of IEEE References are given at the end of document.
 Appendices

Appendix A: Additional data, code, or other supplementary material.

Appendix B: Detailed description of any tools or techniques not covered in the
main chapters.
 Glossary

Definitions of specialized terms used in the report.

 EXAMPLE IEEE REFERENCES
[1] Ruffles, P.C.; 2001, “Expanding the Horizons of Gas Turbine in Global Markets”;
ISABE 2001-1010
[2] Dring, R. P., Joslyn, H. D., Hardin, L. W., and Wagner, J. H., 1982, "Turbine
Rotor-Stator Interaction," ASME Journal of Engineering for Power, vol.104,
pp.729-742
[3] Arndt, N., 1993, “ Blade Row Interaction in a Multistage Low Pressure Turbine”,
ASME Journal of turbomachinery, Vol. 115, pp. 370-376
[4] Denton J.D., 1993, “ Loss Mechanisms in Turbomachines:, ASME Journal of
Turbomachinery, Vol.115
[5] Denton J.D., 1993, “ Loss Mechanisms in Turbomachines:, ASME Journal of
Turbomachinery, Vol.115
[6] R.E. Walraevens, A.E. Gnllus, “Stator-Rotor-Stator Interaction inAn Axial Flow
Turbine And its Influence on Loss Mechanisms”, AGARD CP 571, 1995, UK, pp
39(1-13).
[7] Dawes, W.N., 1994, “ A Numerical Study of the Interaction of Transonic
Compressor Rotor Over Tip Leakage Vortex with the Following Stator Blade
Row”, ASME Paper No. 94-GT-156