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MUHAMMAD AHMED Eca2 Ass2

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12 views4 pages

MUHAMMAD AHMED Eca2 Ass2

Uploaded by

m.ahmedraheel86
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MUHAMMAD AHMED

FA-23-BEE-079 (C)
ASSIGNMENT 02 (ECA-02)

(SOL 01)
First, let's compute the power factor (PF), complex power (S), and apparent power (|S|) for the
given scenario:

We know that:
Apparent Power (|S|) = √(P^2 + Q^2)
Power Factor (PF) = P / |S|
Complex Power (S) = P + jQ

Monthly peak demand (P) = 6000 kW


Monthly reactive requirement (Q) = 7000 kVAR

Let's compute these values:

1. Apparent Power:
|S| = √(6000^2 + 7000^2)
= √(36000000 + 49000000)
=√(85000000)
= 9211.10 kVA

2. Power Factor (PF):


PF = P / |S|
= 6000 / 9211.10
= 0.65

3. Complex Power (S):


S = P + Qi
= 6000 + j7000
= 6000 + j7000 VAR

Benchmark = 62% * power demand


= 0.62 * 6000 kW
= 3720 kVAR

Excess Reactive Power = required - Benchmark


= 7000 - 3720
= 3280 kVAR

Penalty = 25 * 3280
= Rs. 82,000

Annual cost with PF penalties = Rs. 82,000 * 12


= Rs. 984,000
Compensation options:

1. Rs. 600,000 per 1000 kVAR increment:


= 600,000/1000*3280
= Rs. 1,968,000.

2. Rs. 900,000 per 2000 kVAR increment:


= 900,000/2000*3280
= Rs. 1,482,000.

The most cost-effective solution for the utility company would be to choose the second option, as
it has a lower cost.

Now, to calculate the payback period, we need to consider the savings per year due to the
improved power factor:

Payback period = Cost of improvement / Savings per year


= 1,482,000/498,000
= 2.98 years

Savings per year = Annual penalty - Cost of improvement


= 984,000 - 1,482,000
= - 498,000 (negative because it's a saving)

So, the payback period for the company to recover its investment spent on improving its power
factor above the benchmark value would be approximately 2.98 years.

(SOL 02)
(a)
To find the total current flowing through the circuit, we need to calculate the individual currents
drawn by each motor and then sum them up.

S = P/pf

Derived formula of current:


I = P/V*PF

Motor A:
I1 = 4700/380*0.56
I1 = 22.086A

For Motor B:
I2 = 13000/380*0.5
I2 = 68.42A

For Motor C:
I3 = 21000/380 (motor C is already reactive)
I3 = 55.26A

Let's compute the total currents:


It = I1+I2+I3
= 22.086+68.42+55.26
It = 145.77 A

So, the total current flowing through the circuit or input line is approximately 146.45 A.

(b)
|S|1 = P/PF
= 4700/0.56
= 8392.8

|S|2 = P/PF
= 13000/0.5
= 26000

|S|3 = 21000 Already reactive as its measured in kVAR

|S| (total) = 8392.8+26000+21000


= 55,393

P(total) = 4700+13000
= 17700

Now,

P.F (total) = P (total) / |S| (total)


= 17700/55393
P.F (total) = 0.319

It is lagging and it is also not a good power factor as is very distant from unity.

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