Mathematical Models and Numerical Methods for Multiphysics Systems

May 1-3, 2024,

O’Hara Student Center, University of Pittsburgh

Conference Schedule
Wednesday, May 1st
8:30 - 8:50 Registration
8:50 Opening
Session 1
9:00 - 9:45 Gabriel Gatica
Banach spaces-based mixed formulations for multiphysics systems in fluid mechanics
9:45 - 10:30 Luca Formaggia
Application of model order reduction technique to subsurface flows
10:30 - 11:15 Coffee Break
Session 2
11:15 - 12:00 Martin Vohralı́k
An application of the Gr onwall lemma avoiding exponential of the final time: a posteriori error estimates
for the Stefan and Richards problems
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch Break (lunch provided)
Session 3
14:00 - 14:45 Jan Nordbotten
Momentum-balancing discretizations of linearized Cosserat materials and elasticity
14:45 - 15:30 Martina Bukač
A diffuse interface method for fluid-poroelastic structure interaction
15:30 - 16:15 Coffee Break
Session 4
16:15 - 17:00 Sorin Pop
Linear iterative schemes for degenerate parabolic equations
17:00 - 17:45 Costanza Aricó
Solution of the (Navier)-Stokes-Brinkman equations using H(div)–velocity fields and recent extensions
in the framework of multipoint flux mixed finite element method
18:00 - 21:00 Conference Dinner – University Club Gold Room
Thursday, May 2nd
Session 1
9:00 - 9:45 Erik Burman
An abstract framework for heterogeneous coupling: stability approximation and applications
9:45 - 10:30 Annalisa Quaini
A FEM for a phase-field model of two-phase incompressible surface flow with electrostatic interaction
10:30 - 11:15 Coffee Break
Session 2
11:15 - 12:00 Miguel Fernández
Mechanically consistent modeling of fluid-structure-contact interaction
12:00 - 14:00 Lunch Break and Poster Session (lunch provided)
Session 3
14:00 - 14:45 Sunčica Čanić
From vascular stents to bioartificial organs: multi-layered poroelastic media interacting with incom-
pressible fluids
14:45 - 15:30 Marcio Murad
A fixed-stress-split scheme for a black-oil multiphysics flow model in poroelastic media
15:30 - 16:15 Coffee Break
Session 4
16:15 - 17:00 Ingeborg Gjerde
Network models for the flow of CSF in the brain
17:00 - 17:45 Johnny Guzmán
A second-order correction method for loosely coupled discretizations applied to parabolic-parabolic
interface problems
Friday, May 3rd
Session 1
9:00 - 9:45 Martin Schneider
Coupling free and porous media flows at the pore and the REV scales
9:45 - 10:30 TongTong Li
An augmented fully-mixed formulation for the quasistatic Navier-Stokes-Biot model
10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break
Session 2
11:00 - 11:45 Miroslav Kuchta
Robust iterative solvers for brain glymphatics
11:45 - 12:30 Sergio Caucao
Velocity-vorticity-pressure mixed formulation for the Kelvin-Voigt-Brinkman-Forchheimer equations
12:30 - 14:00 - Lunch Break (lunch provided)

14:00 - 14:30 Closing Discussion

Speakers
Costanza Aricó, University of Palermo

Martina Bukač, University of Notre Dame

Erik Burman, University College London

Sunčica Čanić, UC Berkeley

Sergio Caucao, Universidad Católica de la Santı́sima Concepción

Miguel Fernández, Inria Paris

Luca Formaggia, Politecnico di Milano

Gabriel Gatica, Universidad de Concepción

Ingeborg Gjerde, Simula and Norwegian Geotechnical Institute

Johnny Guzman, Brown University

Miroslav Kuchta, Simula

TongTong Li, Dartmouth College

Marcio Murad, Laboratorrio Nacional de Computação Cientifica

Jan Nordbotten, University of Bergen

Sorin Pop, University of Hasselt

Annalisa Quaini, University of Houston

Martin Schneider, University of Stuttgart

Martin Vohralik, Inria Paris

 Solution of the (Navier)-Stokes-Brinkman equations using H(div)−velocity fields and
recent extensions in the framework of multipoint flux mixed finite element method

Costanza Aricò*1
1
Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Italy

*contact: [email protected]

The present talk is devoted to a new numerical continuum one-domain approach (ODA) solver, recently presented
for the simulation of the transfer processes between a free fluid and a porous medium [1]. The solver is devel-
oped in the mesoscopic scale framework, where a “fictitious” equivalent single medium replaces the fluid and
solid phases and one set of governing equations, valid everywhere in the domain, is used to model the transfer
processes. The transition from the bulk fluid to the bulk porous region is modelled using a transition zone located
in between these two regions (e.g.,[3, 2]). Within this transition zone, the change of the effective macroscopic
properties of the permeable medium, such as porosity and permeability, is modelled with appropriate continuous
transition functions. The set of governing equations, the Navier-Stokes-Brinkman equations, are derived by av-
eraging the governing pore-scale equations over a Representative Elementary Volume (REV) [6], and are solved
along with the continuity equation, under the hypothesis of incompressible fluid. The porous medium is assumed
to be fully saturated and can potentially be anisotropic. The domain ΩT is discretized with unstructured grids (or
meshes) M allowing local refinements.
A fractional time step procedure is applied, where one predictor and two corrector steps are solved within each
time iteration. The predictor step is solved in the framework of a marching in space and time procedure, with
some important numerical advantages. The two corrector steps require the solution of large linear systems,
whose matrices are sparse, symmetric and positive definite, with M-matrix property over Delaunay-meshes.
A fast and efficient solution is obtained using a preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The discretization
adopted for the two corrector steps can be regarded as a Two-Point-Flux-Approximation (TPFA) scheme, which,
unlike the standard TPFA schemes, does not require the grid mesh to be K-orthogonal, (with K the anisotropy
tensor).
Inside each cell e ∈ M, the velocity vector computed at the end of each time iteration ue is assumed ue ∈ Re ,
where Re is the lowest-order Raviart-Thomas (RT0) space function [7]. Thanks to the RT0 properties, the velocity
Pnf
components are piecewise constant inside each cell e if j=1 Qej = 0 (where nf is the number of the interfaces of
cell e and Qej is the DOF of the space Re associated with interface j. If this condition is satisfied, ∇·ue = 0 ∀x ∈ e,
∀e ∈ ΩT . The fluid pressure is assumed to be piecewise linear inside each cell e according to the nodal values
[1].
As demonstrated with the presented numerical test cases, the proposed scheme correctly retains the anisotropy
effects within the porous medium. Furthermore, the proposed solver overcomes the restrictions of most other
ODA solvers at the mesoscale recently presented in the literature, such as low Reynolds numbers, 1D flow or
linearization of the convective inertial terms (e.g., [4, 8]).
A serious limit of the presented algorithm is related to the Delaunay mesh constraint to obtain positive definite
symmetric matrices of the two corrective problems. A new numerical technique is currently in progress to over-
come this issue. At the present time it is applied for the solution of the standard form of the Stokes equations
in 2D problems. As in the previously described algorithm, a fractional time step procedure is applied, where a
prediction and a correction problem are sequentially solved. In the framework of the multipoint flux approximation
method, the Raviart-Thomas-1 (RT1) mixed finite element method is considered, and a special quadrature rule,
as proposed in [9], is employed. The basis functions of the local RT1 space are derived from the ansatz spaces
defined by [5]. This allows second order approximation for the velocity components and pressure. The proposed
procedure leads to the local elimination of the viscous stresses, in the prediction problem, and of the velocity, in
the correction problem, with symmetric and positive definite systems in the prediction and correction problems,
respectively. Details of this multipoint flux approximation extension will be presented and discussed, as well as
preliminary results obtained over mildly and strongly distorted grids.

References
[1] Costanza Aricò, Rainer Helmig, Daniele Puleo, and Martin Schneider. A new numerical mesoscopic scale one-domain approach solver
for free fluid/porous medium interaction. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 419:116655, 2024.
[2] M. Le Bars and M. G. Worster. Interfacial conditions between a pure fluid and a porous medium: implications for binary alloy solidification.
J. Fluid Mech., 550:149–173, 2006.
[3] M. Chandesris and D. Jamet. Boundary conditions at a fluid–porous interface: An a priori estimation of the stress jump coefficients.
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50(17):3422–3436, 2007.
[4] H. Chen and X.-P. Wang. A one-domain approach for modeling and simulation of free fluid over a porous medium. Journal of Computa-
tional Physics, 259:650–671, 2014.
[5] Herbert Egger and Bogdan Radu. On a second-order multipoint flux mixed finite element methods on hybrid meshes. SIAM Journal on
Numerical Analysis, 58(3):1822–1844, 2020.
[6] W. G. Gray. A derivation of the equations for multi-phase transport. Chemical Engineering Science, 30(2):229–233, 1975.
[7] P. A. Raviart and J. M. Thomas. A mixed finite element method for 2-nd order elliptic problems. In Ilio Galligani and Enrico Magenes,
editors, Mathematical Aspects of Finite Element Methods, pages 292–315. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1977.
[8] F. J. Valdés-Parada and D. Lasseux. Flow near porous media boundaries including inertia and slip: A one-domain approach. Physics of
Fluids, 33(7), 07 2021. 073612.
[9] Mary F. Wheeler and Ivan Yotov. A multipoint flux mixed finite element method. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 44(5):2082–2106,
2006.
 A diffuse interface method for fluid-poroelastic structure interaction

Martina Bukač*1 , Francis Aznaran1 , Boris Muha2 , Abner Salgado3

1
Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, USA
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Zagreb, Croatia
3
Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA

*contact: [email protected]

The interaction between a free flowing fluid and a poroelastic structure, commonly formulated as a (Navier-)
Stokes/Biot coupled system, has been used to describe problems arising in many applications, including envi-
ronmental sciences, hydrology, geomechanics and biomedical engineering. Many existing numerical methods for
this problem are based on a sharp interface approach, in the sense that the interface between the two regions
is parametrized using an exact specification of its geometry and location, and the nodes in the computational
mesh align with the interface. However, the exact location is sometimes not known, or the geometry is compli-
cated, making a proper approximation of the integrals error-prone and difficult to automate. Hence, in this talk,
we present a diffuse interface method for the coupled fluid-poroelastic structure interaction. The method uses
a phase-field function which transitions from 1 in one region to 0 in the other region. We will first present the
analysis of convergence of the discrete diffuse interface solution to the continuous sharp interface solution for
the Stokes-Darcy problem. Then, we will discuss the extensions to Stokes-Biot system. The performance of the
method will be demonstrated on a series of numerical examples.
 An abstract framework for heterogeneous coupling: stability, approximation and
applications

Erik Burman*1 , Silvia Bertoluzza2

1
Department of Mathematics, University College London
2
IMATI-CNR, Pavia

*contact: [email protected]

With the advent of exascale high performance computing in multiphysics applications, there is an increasing inter-
est in fast methods for the solution of linear systems resulting from the discretization of coupled partial differential
equations. Such heterogeneous problems where systems are coupled, either over an interface or on a bulk over-
lap, may be challenging because of different properties of the coupled physical systems. There may also be an
interest in using separate optimized codes for the different subproblems, prompting the need of efficient coupling
methods that are agnostic to the different solvers to be coupled. In this talk we will take a recent computational
project on the electrostatic potential in molecular solvation as starting point for the discussion. For this problem a
heterogeneous Poisson-Boltzmann equation close to the molecule must be coupled to a homogeneous Poisson
equation in the far field. This prompts the coupling of finite element and boundary element methods. We will
then introduce an abstract theoretical framework for heterogeneous coupling that is agnostic to the numerical
methods used for the different subsolvers [1]. This naturally leads to a set of assumptions which must be satis-
fied by the bulk and coupling operators for the well-posedness of the reduced system, where the bulk fields have
been eliminated. Having established the theory on the continuous level we consider discretization of the systems,
under minimal assumptions on the local solvers and discuss the stability, stabilization and preconditioning of the
reduced formulation. Finally we will show how the framework applies to some different heterogeneous coupling
problems such as FEM-BEM coupling, the Arlequin method and mixed dimensional problems.

References
[1] S. Bertoluzza and E. Burman. An abstract framework for heterogeneous coupling: stability, approximation and applications.
arXiv:2312.11733.
 From vascular stents to bioartificial organs: multi-layered poroelastic media
interacting with incompressible fluids

Sunčica Čanić*1 , Yifan Wang2 , Martina Bukač3 , Andrew Scharf1 , Jeffrey Kuan4 , Boris Muha5

1
Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley
2
Department of Mathematics, Texas Tech University
3
Department of Applied Mathematics, Notre Dame University
4
Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland
5
Department of Mathematics, University of Zagreb, Croatia

*contact: [email protected]

From vascular stents to bioartificial organs, multi-layered poroelastic media play a crucial role in modeling the
mechanistic aspects of the interaction between biological tissue and fluids such as blood or blood plasma. In
this talk we will summarize the derivation of two multiphysics models: (1) a model describing the behavior of
drug-eluting stents within arterial walls interacting with blood flow, and (2) the design of encapsulated bioartifi-
cial organs, like the pancreas, interacting with plasma flow delivering oxygen and nutrients to the transplanted
pancreatic cells. Crucial for the mathematical and physical understanding of these models and for the design
of the corresponding numerical schemes to solve them, is the analysis of their well-posedness. We will sum-
marize recent results addressing the well-posedness for this class of problems. Namely, we will talk about fluid-
structure interaction problems involving the interaction between the flows of incompressible, viscous fluids (Stokes
or Navier-Stokes flows) interacting with multi-layered poroelastic structures consisting of a thick (Biot) layer and a
thin poroelastic layer (Biot or reticular plate) located at the interface between the thick Biot structure and the fluid
flow. Both linear [1] and nonlinear coupling [5] will be discussed. We will introduce a new partitioned scheme to
solve this problem [6]. We will discuss numerical results revealing the regularizing nature of the interface with
mass in the case of poroelastic structures and talk about the implications of the numerical results on the design
of bioartificial pancreas [7, 2] and drug-eluting stents [3, 4, 8].

References
[1] Lorena Bociu, Suncica Canic, Boris Muha, Justin Webster. Multilayered poroelasticity interacting with Stokes flow. SIAM J Math Analysis.
SIAM J. Math. Anal. 53-6 (2021), pp. 6243-6279
[2] Martina Bukac, Suncica Canic, Boris Muha, Yifan Wang. A bioartificial organ scaffold architecture design. Submitted 2024.
[3] S. Canic, Y. Wang, and M. Bukac. A Next-Generation Mathematical Model for Drug Eluting Stents. SIAM J. Appl. Math., 81(4), 1503–1529
2021.
[4] Suncica Canic, Luka Grubisic; Domagoj Lacmanovic; Matko Ljulj; Josip Tambaca. Optimal design of vascular stents. Computer Methods
in Applied Mechanics and Engineering Volume 394, 1 May 2022.
[5] Jeffrey Kuan, Suncica Canic and Boris Muha Fluid-poroviscoelastic structure interaction problem with nonlinear coupling, Journal of
Mathematical Fluid Mechanics, In print 2024.
[6] Andrew Scharf, Suncica Canic, Martina Bukac. A partitioned scheme for fluid-structure interaction with multi-layered poroelastic media.
In draft form 2024.
[7] Yifan Wang, Suncica Canic, Martina Bukac, Charles Blaha, Shuvo Roy. Mathematical and Computational Modeling of a Poroelastic Cell
Scaffold in a Bioartificial Pancreas. Fluids, vol. 7, issue 7, p. 222 (2022)
[8] Y. Wang, S. Canic, M. Bukac, J. Tambaca. Fluid-structure interaction between pulsatile blood flow and a curved stented coronary artery
on a beating heart: a four stent computational study. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 35(15), 679-700, 2019.
 Velocity-vorticity-pressure mixed formulation for the
Kelvin–Voigt–Brinkman–Forchheimer equations

Sergio Caucao*1 , Ivan Yotov2

1
GIANuC2 and Departamento de Matemática y Fı́sica Aplicadas, Universidad Católica de la Santı́sima Concepción
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh

*contact: [email protected]

We propose and analyze a mixed formulation for the Kelvin–Voigt–Brinkman–Forchheimer equations for unsteady
viscoelastic flows in porous media. Besides the velocity and pressure, our approach introduces the vorticity as a
further unknown. Consequently, we obtain a three-field mixed variational formulation, where the aforementioned
variables are the main unknowns of the system. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution for
the weak formulation, and derive the corresponding stability bounds, employing a fixed-point strategy, along with
monotone operators theory and the well-known Schauder and Banach theorems. Afterwards, we introduce a
semidiscrete continuous-in-time approximation based on stable Stokes elements for the velocity and pressure,
and continuous or discontinuous piecewise polynomial spaces for the vorticity. Additionally, employing backward
Euler time discretization, we introduce a fully discrete finite element scheme. We prove well-posedness and
derive the stability bounds for both schemes, and establish the corresponding error estimates. We provide several
numerical results verifying the theoretical rates of convergence and illustrating the performance and flexibility of
the method for a range of domain configurations and model parameters.

References
[1] V. A NAYA , R. C ARABALLO, S. C AUCAO, L. F. G ATICA , R. RUIZ -B AIER , AND I. YOTOV, A vorticity-based mixed formulation for the unsteady
Brinkman–Forchheimer equations. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 404:115829, 2023.
[2] M. T. M OHAN, Global and exponential attractors for the 3d Kelvin–Voigt–Brinkman–Forchheimer equations. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst.
Ser. B, 25(9):3393–3436, 2020.
[3] C. T HE A NH AND P. T HI T RANG, On the 3D Kelvin–Voigt–Brinkman–Forchheimer equations in some unbounded domains. Nonlinear
Analysis, 89(1):36–54, 2013.
 Mechanically consistent modeling of fluid-structure-contact interaction

Miguel A. Fernández*1

1
Inria, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions, Paris, France,

*contact: [email protected]

The numerical simulation of systems where several solids immersed in a fluid can come into contact is a complex
problem that raises many modeling, mathematical and numerical difficulties. It is crucial for many biomedical
applications such as, for instance, the simulation of cardiac valve dynamics (native or artificial), where contact
modeling is of fundamental importance. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) without contact is already challenging
due to the moving geometries and the potential strong coupling between the solid and the fluid subsystems.
If contact between solids is to be modeled as well, several additional difficulties that have to be faced: (i) In
some configurations and with no-slip boundary conditions, FSI models are unable to predict contact (see, e.g.,
[1, 2, 3]); (ii)The simple addition of a contact constraint (variational inequality) to a FSI model which allows for
contact yields a mechanically inconsistent fluid-structure-contact interaction model (see [4, 5]); (iii) Fluid-structure-
contact interaction involves non-linearly changing interface conditions (e.g., from fluid-solid to solid-solid) and
different space and time scales.
The first difficulty requires a modification of the boundary and interface conditions on the contacting walls (see,
e.g., [6, 7, 8]) that reproduces the physically observed contact phenomena. However, as highlighted in the second
point, this is not necessarily enough to deliver a mechanically consistent model, due to unphysical void creation
(e.g., when an elastic solid releases from contact) or to unbalanced stress at contact. A favored approach to
circumvent these two difficulties consists in considering a poro-elastic modeling of the roughness layer of the
contacting solid (see, e.g., [4]). The price to pay is a model with a high computational complexity (notably, with
respect to traditional FSI without contact). Moreover, very small fluid regions can get trapped between the solid
and the contacting wall, which are difficulty to treat numerically. An alternative simplified model has recently been
reported in [11], but which requires a bulk description of the porous layer in the fluid.
In a simplified setting, we will show how the above-mentioned issues can be overcome by combining a relaxed
contact formulation with a reduced surface Darcy-type model of the porous layer attached to the contact wall (see
[5]). By building on the arguments reported in [2, 9], a theoretical result on the capability of the proposed model
to encompass contact will be provided (see [10]). We will also discuss the asymptotic behavior with respect to
the porous layer parameters. Numerical evidence of these results will be presented.
This is joint work with E. Burman, M. Champion, S. Frei, F. Gerosa, C. Grandmont, F. Vergnet and M. Vidrascu.

References
[1] T. Hesla, Collisions of smooth bodies in viscous fluids: A mathematical investigation, PhD thesis: University Minnesota, 2004.
[2] M. Hillairet, Lack of collision between solid bodies in a 2D incompressible viscous flow, Commun. Part. Diff. Eq., 32(9):1345–1371, 2007.
[3] M. Hillairet, T. Takahashi, Collisions in three-dimensional fluid structure interaction problems, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 40:2451–2477, 2009.
[4] C. Ager, B. Schott, A.T. Vuong, A. Popp, W. Wall, A consistent approach for fluid-structure-contact interaction based on a porous flow
model for rough surface contact, Internat. J. Numer. Methods Engrg., 119(13):1345–1378, 2019.
[5] E. Burman, M.A. Fernández, S. Frei, F. Gerosa, A mechanically consistent model for fluid-structure interactions with contact including
seepage, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 392:114637, 2022.
[6] L. Bălilescu, J. S. Martı́n, T. Takahashi, Fluid-rigid structure interaction system with Coulomb’s law, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 49(6):4625–4657,
2017.
[7] D. Gerard-Varet, M. Hillairet, C. Wang, The influence of boundary conditions on the contact problem in a 3D Navier-Stokes flow, J. Math.
Pures Appl., 103:1–38, 2015.
[8] D. Gérard-Varet, M. Hillairet, Regularity issues in the problem of fluid structure interaction, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 195:375–407, 2010.
[9] D. Gérard-Varet, D., M Hillairet, Computation of the drag force on a sphere close to a wall: The roughness issue. ESAIM: Math. Model.
Numer. Anal., 46(5):1201–224, 2012.
[10] M. Champion, M.A. Fernández, C. Grandmont, F. Vergnet, M. Vidrascu. On the analysis of a mechanically consistent model of fluid-
structure-contact interaction. 2023. https://hal.science/hal-04229012
[11] F. M. Gerosa, A.L. Marsden, A mechanically consistent unified formulation for fluid-porous-structure-contact interaction, Comput. Meth-
ods Appl. Mech. Eng., 425:116942, 2024.
 Application of model order reduction technique to subsurface flows

Luca Formaggia*1 , Enrico Ballini1 , Alessio Fumagalli1 , Anna Scotti1 , Paolo Zunino1

1
MOX, Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

*contact: [email protected]

In this talk, we present some recent research activities in the compgeo@mox group focusing on the development
of reduced-order models for subsurface flow in the presence of fractures. After an introduction to the problem of
flow in fractured porous media, we discuss the necessity of developing fast surrogate models for use in multiquery
situations.
We then illustrate some recent results concerning the simulation of flow in fractured porous media, including
uncertainties in the fault position. We will illustrate how the application of data-driven model order reduction, a
combination of supervised learning, deep neural networks, and numerical simulations, provides effective model
reduction strategies that are intrinsically nonintrusive and, as a consequence, particularly adequate to handle
models with geometric nonlinearities, like those induced by the uncertainties in the position of the fractures.

Figure 1: A schematic illustration of the DL-ROM neural network architecture used in this work

We will also illustrate some results on techniques to enforce local mass conservation in reduced models.

References
[1] Enrico Ballini, Luca Formaggia, Alessio Fumagalli, Anna Scotti, and Paolo Zunino. Application of deep learning reduced-order modeling
for single-phase flow in faulted porous media. arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.03678, 2024.
[2] Wietse M. Boon, Nicola Rares Franco, Alessio Fumagalli, and Paolo Zunino. Deep learning based reduced order modeling of darcy flow
systems with local mass conservation. ArXiv, abs/2311.14554, 2023.
[3] Nicola Franco, Andrea Manzoni, and Paolo Zunino. A deep learning approach to reduced order modelling of parameter-dependent
partial differential equations. Mathematics of Computation, 92(340):483–524, 2022.
[4] Stefania Fresca and Andrea Manzoni. POD-DL-ROM: Enhancing deep learning-based reduced order models for nonlinear parametrized
PDEs by proper orthogonal decomposition. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 388:114181, 2022.
[5] Alfio Quarteroni, Andrea Manzoni, and Federico Negri. Reduced Basis Methods for Partial Differential Equations. Springer International
Publishing, 2016.
Banach spaces-based mixed formulations for multiphysics systems in fluid mechanics

Gabriel N. Gatica*1 , Sergio Carrasco1 , Sergio Caucao2 , Salim Meddahi3 , Nicolás Núñez1 , Ricardo Ruiz-Baier4

1
CI2 MA and Departamento de Ingenierı́a Matemática Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
2
GIANuC2 and Departamento de Matemática y Fı́sica Aplicadas, UCSC, Concepción, Chile
3
Departamento de Matemáticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España
4
School of Mathematics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

*contact: [email protected]

In this talk we refer to some mathematical aspects regarding the application of Banach spaces-based mixed
variational formulations to diverse nonlinear and coupled nonlinear problems in fluid mechanics. As illustrative
examples we consider the coupled Darcy and heat equations, the Navier-Stokes Brinkman problem, and the
coupled Brinkman-Forchheimer/Darcy model. The discussion includes, in particular, the derivation of the right
spaces to which the unknowns and test functions need to belong, the structure of the resulting continuous and
discrete schemes, and the approaches adopted for their solvability analyses. Some numerical results are also
reported.

This work was partially supported by ANID-Chile through C ENTRO DE M ODELAMIENTO M ATEM ÁTICO (FB210005), and A NILLO
OF C OMPUTATIONAL M ATHEMATICS FOR D ESALINATION P ROCESSES (ACT210087).

References
[1] S. C ARRASCO, S. C AUCAO AND G.N. G ATICA, New mixed finite element methods for the coupled convective Brinkman-Forchheimer and
double-diffusion equations. J. Sci. Comput. 97 (2023), no. 3, Paper No. 61.
[2] S. C ARRASCO, S. C AUCAO, G.N. G ATICA AND N. N Ú ÑEZ, A twofold perturbed saddle-point based fully mixed finite element method for
the coupled Brinkman-Forchheimer/Darcy model. In preparation.
[3] G.N. G ATICA , S. M EDDAHI , AND R. RUIZ -B AIER, An Lp spaces-based formulation yielding a new fully mixed finite element method for
the coupled Darcy and heat equations. IMA J. Numer. Anal. 42 (2022), no. 4, 3154–3206.
[4] G.N. G ATICA , N. N Ú ÑEZ AND R. RUIZ -B AIER, New non-augmented mixed finite element methods for the Navier-Stokes-Brinkman equa-
tions using Banach spaces. J. Numer. Math. 31 (2023), no. 4, 343–373.
 Network models for the flow of CSF in the brain

Ingeborg Gjerde*1,2 , Miroslav Kuchta1 , Marie Rognes1 , Antonio Sanchez3 , Barbara Wohlmuth4

1
SCAN department, Simula Research Laboratory
2
NGI Digital, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute
3
Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego
4
Numerical Analysis, Technical University of Munich

*contact: [email protected]

Our brain uses approximately 20% of the body’s energy in resting state. Yet, the brain lacks a traditional lym-
phatic system for metabolic clearance. This raises the question of how the brain clears metabolic waste. This
question is of key importance as several neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease,
are characterised by the accumulation of toxic proteins in the brain.
According to the glymphatic theory, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows in a network of perivascular spaces surround-
ing the arteries of the brain. This allows for a bulk flow of CSF through the brain that can remove metabolic waste.
There are, however, several unanswered questions regarding the physical driving forces of this flow.
In this talk, we present a Stokes type network model for simulating pulsatile glymphatic flow. We further introduce
the concept of graph calculus and graph Sobolev spaces, and show how these can be used to formulate suitable
discretization methods. With the numerical methods in hand, we show how network simulations can be set up
to match experimental results, allowing us to probe the driving forces of CSF flow. In particular, our simulations
show the importance of vasomotion associated with sleep.
 A second-order correction method for loosely coupled discretizations applied to
parabolic-parabolic interface problems

Johnny Guzmán*1 , Erik Burman2 , Rebecca Durst3 , Miguel Fernandez4 , Sijing Liu5

1
Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University
2
Department of Mathematics, Univeristy of College London
3
Department of Mathematics, Univeristy of Pittsburgh
4
Sorbonne Universite and INRIA
5
ICERM and Brown University

*contact: johnny [email protected]

We consider a parabolic-parabolic interface problem and construct a loosely coupled prediction-correction scheme
based on the Robin-Robin splitting method. We prove second order convergence in the case the the interface
is perpendicular to two sides of the domain. The proof hinges on esimates of the disrete time derivatives of the
prediction step. Numerical results are shown to support our analysis.
 Robust iterative solvers for brain glymphatics

Miroslav Kuchta*1

1
Simula Research Laboratory

*contact: [email protected]

Mathematical models of the waste clearance mechanisms of the brain constitute coupled multiphysics problems
where the components interact across a common interface, which is a lower-dimensional manifold. The cou-
pling and wide ranges of physical parameters are among the challenges encountered when constructing iterative
solvers for the resulting PDE systems. In this talk I will review our earlier work which led to parameter-robust
preconditioners for certain formulations of Darcy/Biot-Stokes [1, 2] and coupled 3D-1D Darcy-Darcy models [3].
Here, the uniform stability estimates require parameter-weighted, fractional order or interface perturbed norms.
Efficient solvers for Riesz maps with respect to the related inner products will be discussed. I will finally present
our recent efforts addressing the sensitivity to geometry and, in particular, the difficulties that the current precon-
ditioners face when applied to practically relevant geometries.

References
[1] Wietse M Boon, Martin Hornkjøl, Miroslav Kuchta, Kent-Andre Mardal, and Ricardo Ruiz-Baier. Parameter-robust methods for the Biot–
Stokes interfacial coupling without Lagrange multipliers. Journal of Computational Physics, 467:111464, 2022.
[2] Wietse M Boon, Timo Koch, Miroslav Kuchta, and Kent-Andre Mardal. Robust monolithic solvers for the Stokes–Darcy problem with the
Darcy equation in primal form. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 44(4):B1148–B1174, 2022.
[3] Miroslav Kuchta, Federica Laurino, Kent-Andre Mardal, and Paolo Zunino. Analysis and approximation of mixed-dimensional PDEs on
3D–1D domains coupled with Lagrange multipliers. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 59(1):558–582, 2021.
 An augmented fully-mixed formulation for the quasistatic Navier–Stokes–Biot model

Tongtong Li *1 , Sergio Caucao2 , Ivan Yotov3

1
Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College
2
Departamento de Matemática y Fı́sica Aplicadas, Universidad Católica de la Santı́sima Concepción
3
Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh

*contact: [email protected]

We present a partially augmented fully-mixed formulation and a mixed finite element method for the coupled
problem arising in the interaction between a free fluid and a poroelastic medium. The flows in the free fluid and
poroelastic regions are governed by the Navier–Stokes and Biot equations, respectively, and the transmission
conditions are given by mass conservation, balance of fluid force, conservation of momentum, and the Beavers–
Joseph–Saffman condition. We apply dual-mixed formulations in both domains and impose the transmission
conditions weakly by introducing the traces of the structure velocity and the poroelastic medium pressure on
the interface as the associated Lagrange multipliers. Furthermore, since the fluid convective term requires the
velocity to live in a smaller space than usual, we augment the variational formulation with suitable Galerkin
type terms. Existence and uniqueness of a solution are established for the continuous weak formulation, as
well as a semidiscrete continuous-in-time formulation with non-matching grids, together with the corresponding
stability bounds and error analysis with rates of convergence. Numerical experiments are presented to verify the
theoretical results and illustrate the performance of the method for applications to arterial flow and flow through a
filter.
A fixed-stress-split scheme for a black-oil multiphysics flow model in poroelastic media

Marcio Murad*1 , Maicon Correa1,2

1
Department of Computational Modeling, LNCC Brazil
2
Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing , Unicamp, Brazil

*contact: [email protected]

We propose a new computational model for solving the Black-Oil flow model incorporating geomechanical cou-
pling within the framework of the fixed stress split scheme. Flow and transport subsystems are rephrased in terms
of compositions, and a suitable choice of the evolving sequential scheme is constructed and combined with the
full resolution of a three-equation system of hyperbolic equations showing remarkable properties of capturing gas
phase appearance/disappearance. Flow and mechanics subsystems are discretized by mixed finite element for-
mulations, whereas the system of conservation laws for the compositions is solved by an innovative semi-discrete
central-upwind finite volume scheme for hyperbolic conservation laws. The innovative numerical model remark-
ably shows the ability to capture the meticulous interaction between geomechanical effects and phase change
in the vicinity of the bubble point along with handling multiphysics scenarios whwrein the overburden formation
displays nonlinear viscoelastic behavior typical of a rock salt. Numerical experiments are performed, including
an undrained setting upon cyclic loading and water-flooding problems illustrating precisely the influence of the
bubble point pressure upon the evolution of the poromechanical variables and hydrocarbon production.

References
[1] K IM , J., T CHELEPI , H. AND J UANES R.. Stability and convergence of sequential methods for coupled flow and geomechanics: Drained
and undrained splits Computer Methods in A PPLIED M ECHANICS AND E NGINEERING 200:23 (2011)
[2] C ORREA , M. R. AND M URAD, M. A.. A new sequential method for three-phase immiscible flow in poroelastic media. J OURNAL OF
C OMPUTATIONAL P HYSICS , 373:49 (2018)
 Momentum-balancing discretizations of linearized Cosserat materials and elasticity

Jan Martin Nordbotten*1,2 , Wietse Boon 2 , Omar Duran1 , Eirik Keilegavlen1

1
University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
2
Norwegian Research Center (NORCE), Bergen, Norway

*contact: [email protected]

The Cosserat formulation of linearized elasticity contains an explicit constitutive law for the asymmetry of the
stress tensor. This leads to a new field variable, the couple stress. Moreover, the constitutive law for the cou-
ple stress naturally deviates from the constitutive law of the linear stress by the length-scale squared, thus the
Cosserat formulation can be seen as a two-scale formulation of elasticity. With this perspective, displacement
is decomposed in (large scale) strain and (small scale) deviations in rotation, and the stress can be similarly
interpreted. The above modeling considerations motivate the common description of materials modeled by the
Cosserat equations as “micro-polar”.
In this talk, we highlight that the Cosserat equations are attractive from the perspective of developing discretization
methods. Of particular relevance is to develop robust methods, both in the classical sense of incompressible
materials, but also more importantly in the sense of a vanishing Cosserat length scale. This latter requirement
allows for a seamless transition between Cosserat and linear elastic models of the same physical object, which
is attractive if a Cosserat formulation is only of relevance for certain regions of the domain.
We construct explicitly two families of mixed-finite element methods, as well as a finite volume method, all devel-
oped within the same framework as outlined above.
 Linear iterative schemes for degenerate parabolic equations

Sorin Pop*1 , Koondanibha Mitra2 , Ayesha Javed1

1
Faculty of Sciences, Computational Mathematics Group, Hasselt University
2
Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven University of Technology

*contact: [email protected]

Degenerate parabolic equations appear as mathematical models for many processes appearing in the real life.
Typically, such type of equations are nonlinear and parabolic, but may degenerate into elliptic, or hyperbolic ones,
depending on the value of the unknown in the model.
A prominent example in this sense is the unsaturated flow in a porous medium (the Richards equation), which,
upon choosing the main unknown properly, can be written in the general form

∂t b(u) − ∆B(u) = f, (t, x) ∈ (0, T ] × Ω. (1)

Here T > 0 is a maximal time and Ω ⊂ Rd (d = 1, 2, 3) is a Lipschitz domain. For simplicity, the boundary
conditions are assumed homogeneous Dirichlet, and the initial condition completes the problem. The functions b
and B are Lipschitz continuous and may have vanishing derivatives,

0 ≤ b′ (u) ≤ Lb , and 0 ≤ B ′ (u) ≤ LB ,

for all u ∈ R, for some Lb , LB > 0. Boundary and initial conditions complete the model.
With N ∈ N a given number of time steps, and τ = T /N , and with uk ebing an approximation of u at t = kτ , the
Euler-implicit discetization of (1) gives

b(uk ) − b(uk−1 ) − τ ∆B(uk ) = τ f (kτ ), x ∈ Ω, (2)

where k ∈ {1, . . . , N }, and with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions.

In this presentation, we discuss some iterative schemes for approximating the solution of (2). Essentially, the
schemes use a split formulation, in which the nonlinear terms are handled separately, but require no regulariza-
tion. More precisely, with uk,0 = uk−1 and for i ∈ N, i > 0, we obtain a triple (uk,i , v k,i , wk,i ) by solving

v k,i − τ ∆wk,i = b(uk−1 ) + τ f (kτ ),

v k,i − Lk,i−1
b uk,i = b(uk,i−1 ) − Lk,i−1
b uk,i−1 , (3)
wk,i − Lk,i−1
B uk,i = B(uk,i−1 ) − Lk,i−1
B uk,i−1 .

The choice of Lk,i−1b , Lk,i−1

B is specific to the scheme, and can lead to either the Newton scheme (when Lk,i−1b =
b′ (uk,i−1 ) and Lk,i−1
B = B ′ k,i−1
(u ))), or to the L-scheme (when Lk,i−1
b = L b and Lk,i−1
B = L B ) or the M-scheme
(for a combination of the previous two). Note that, if convergence is achieved as i → ∞, for the limit triple
(uk , v k , wk ) one gets that v k = b(uk ), wk = B(uk ), and therefore uk solves (2).
For these schemes, we prove the linear convergence under a mild restriction (if any) on the time step. This
convergence is proved at the level of the elliptic problems, so it is not restricted to any spatial discretization or
mesh. Moreover, it is obtained under a mild restriction (if any) on the time step. Numerical experiments show
that the schemes are linearly convergent in cases when the Newton scheme diverges, and require a comparable
number of iterations whenever the Newton scheme als converges.
 A FEM for a phase-field model of two-phase incompressible surface flow with
electrostatic interaction

Annalisa Quaini*1 , Maxim Olshanskii1 , Yerbol Palzhanov1

1
Department of Mathematics, University of Houston, 3551 Cullen Blvd, Houston TX 77204, USA

*contact: [email protected]

We consider a thermodynamically consistent phase-field model of a two-phase flow of incompressible viscous

fluids with electrostatic interaction. The model allows for a nonlinear dependence of the fluid density on the
phase-field order parameter. Driven by applications in biomembrane studies, the model is written for tangential
flows of fluids constrained to a surface and consists of (surface) Navier–Stokes–Cahn–Hilliard type equations.
We apply an unfitted finite element method to discretize the system and introduce a fully discrete time-stepping
scheme with the following properties: (i) the scheme decouples the fluid and phase-field equation solvers at each
time step, (ii) the resulting two algebraic systems are linear, and (iii) the numerical solution satisfies the same
stability bound as the solution of the original system under some restrictions on the discretization parameters.
We provide numerical examples to demonstrate the stability, accuracy, and overall efficiency of the approach and
provide validation against experimental data.
 Coupling free and porous media flows at the pore and the REV scales.

Martin Schneider*1 , Hanchuan Wu1 , Rainer Helmig1 , Sorin Pop2

1
Hydromechnics and Modelling of Hydrosystems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
2
Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium

*contact: [email protected]

Exchange processes across a porous-medium free-flow interface occur in a wide range of environmental, tech-
nical, and biomechanical systems. In the course of these processes, flow dynamics in the porous domain and in
the free-flow domain exhibit strong coupling, often controlled by mechanisms at the common interfaces.
In this talk, we will focus on presenting recent developments for such coupled systems at both the pore and
the REV scale. The focus is set on the two-domain approach, which decomposes the problem into two disjoint
subdomains. The free-flow region is described by the Navier-Stokes equations, while for REV-scale coupling,
Darcy’s or Forchheimer’s law is used in the porous-medium subdomain, whereas the so-called pore-network
modeling approach is chosen on the pore scale. Appropriate coupling conditions are formulated at the common
interface, which enforce the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy.
Specific focus is set on two recent developments:
(1) A new approach is proposed for improving fully-implicit two-phase pore-network models by utilizing general-
ized flux functions and incorporating additional throat variables. These additional throat variables can be used for
predicting invasion or snap-off events. A link to our recent work [3] can be achieved by eliminating them through
a regularized Heaviside function. The improved robustness, accuracy, and efficiency is demonstrated through
various test cases.
(2) A novel mass and momentum conservative control-volume finite-element (CVFE) framework [2] for the dis-
cretization of the free-flow subdomain. Furthermore, a new approach to couple this CVFE scheme, which is
used in the free-flow subdomain, with a vertex-centered finite-volume method (Box method) used for solving
Darcy flow in the porous medium, is presented. This work is therefore an extension of the work presented in
[1], where a staggered grid approach has been used to discretize the free-flow region. The advantages of the
novel control-volume finite-element scheme and the new coupling approach are discussed based on various test
cases.

References
[1] M. Schneider, D. Gläser, K. Weishaupt, E. Coltman, B. Flemisch, and R. Helmig. Coupling staggered-grid and vertex-centered finite-
volume methods for coupled porous-medium free-flow problems. Journal of Computational Physics, 482:112042, 2023.
[2] M. Schneider and T. Koch. Stable and locally mass- and momentum-conservative control-volume finite-element schemes for the stokes
problem. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 420:116723, 2024.
[3] H. Wu, M. Veyskarami, M. Schneider, and R. Helmig. A new fully implicit two-phase pore-network model by utilizing regularization
strategies. Transport in Porous Media, 151(1):1–26, Jan 2024.
 An application of the Grönwall lemma avoiding exponential of the final time:
a posteriori error estimates for the Stefan and Richards problems

Martin Vohralı́k*1,2 , Daniele A. Di Pietro3 , Koondanibha Mitra4 , Soleiman Yousef5

1
Inria, 2 rue Simone Iff, 75589 Paris, France
2
CERMICS, Ecole des Ponts, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée, France
3
Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, CC051, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
4
Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70, 5612 AP Eindhoven, The Netherlands
5
IFP Energies nouvelles, 1-4 Av. du Bois Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France

*contact: [email protected]

In a priori analyses, one sometimes employs the Grönwall lemma in a form making appear exponential of the
final time T , i.e., eT . In a posteriori error analysis, appearance of any such a term in the estimator makes it
hugely imprecise and practically useless for error control, with exploding effectivity indices. We review here the
idea from [1], where a sharp employment of the Grönwall lemma avoids any appearance of eT other than in
the data oscillation term corresponding to the approximation of the initial condition, giving rise to time-integrated
and exponentially weighted norms. We showcase its application to two model problems: the two-phase Stefan
problem [1] which features a nonsmooth nonlinearity and allows to describe problems with evolving interfaces
and phase changes, and the Richards problem [2] which exhibits both parabolic–hyperbolic and parabolic–elliptic
degeneracies and serves as a gateway to model multiphase flows through porous media. Guaranteed a posteriori
error estimates are derived and local space–time efficiency is discussed. Adaptive regularization, linearization,
and algebraic resolution, in addition to adaptive steering of spatial meshes and time steps, is designed. Numerical
results illustrate the sharpness of the estimates and the performance of the adaptive algorithms.

References
[1] D. A. D I P IETRO, M. VOHRAL ÍK , AND S. YOUSEF, Adaptive regularization, linearization, and discretization and a posteriori error control
for the two-phase Stefan problem, Mathematics of Computation 84 (2015), 153–186.
[2] K. M ITRA AND M. VOHRAL ÍK, A posteriori error estimates for the Richards equation, Mathematics of Computation 93 (2024), 1053–1096.
Poster Presenters
Lucas Bouck, Carnegie Mellon University
Finite element approximation of a membrane model of liquid crystal polymer networks
Aytekin Cibik, Gazi University
Continuous data assimilation for a system of Darcy-Brinkman equations
Maicon Correa,Unicamp - University of Campinas
A semi-discrete central-upwind scheme for the transport of components in a poroelastic-black-oil
model
Aashi Dalal, University of Pittsburgh
A Banach space formulation for the Navier–Stokes/Biot coupled problem
* A Robin-Robin splitting method for the Stokes-Biot fluid-poroelastic structure interaction model
Rui Fang,University of Pittsburgh
Numerical analysis of locally adaptive penalty methods for the Navier-Stokes equations
Connor Parrow,University of Notre Dame
Refactorization of Cauchy’s method: a second-order partitioned method for fluid-poroelastic material
interaction
Vedant Puri,Carnegie Mellon University
Nonlinear model order reduction with smooth neural fields
Andrew Scharf,UC Berkeley
Interaction between a fluid and a multilayered poroelastic structure with membrane
Farjana Siddiqua, University of Pittsburgh
Variable time step method of Dahlquist, Liniger, and Nevanlinna (DLN) for a corrected Smagorinsky
model
Henry Von Wahl,Friedrich Schiller University Jena
A coupled fracture fluid-structure interaction framework
Ibrahim Yazici,University of Pittsburgh
Multipoint stress mixed finite element methods for elasticity
*presented by co-author Rebecca Durst
Finite element approximation of a membrane model of liquid crystal polymer networks

Lucas Bouck*1 , Ricardo H. Nochetto2 , Shuo Yang3

1
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park
3
Yanqi Lake Beijing Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Tsinghua University

*contact: [email protected]

Starting from the classical 3D trace formula energy of liquid crystal polymer networks of Bladon, Warner and
Terentjev [1], we derive a 2D membrane energy as the formal asymptotic limit of the 3D energy and characterize
the zero energy deformations in the spirit of [2]. The membrane energy lacks convexity properties, which lead
to challenges for the design of a sound numerical method. We discretize the problem with conforming piecewise
linear finite elements and add a higher order bending energy regularization to address the lack of convexity. We
prove in [3] that minimizers of the discrete energy converge to zero energy states of the membrane energy in the
spirit of Gamma convergence; this includes the presence of creases. We solve the discrete minimization problem
via an energy stable gradient flow scheme. We present computations showing the geometric effects that arise
from liquid crystal defects as well as computations of nonisometric origami, including origami with incompatible
stretching across creases that goes beyond theory [4].

References
[1] P. Bladon, E.M. Terentjev, and M. Warner. “Deformation-induced orientational transitions in liquid crystals elastomer.” Journal de Physique
II, 4(1):75-91 (1994).
[2] O. Ozenda, A. M Sonnet, and E.G. Virga. “A blend of stretching and bending in nematic polymer networks.” Soft Matter, 16(38):8877-
8892,(2020).
[3] L. Bouck, R.H. Nochetto, S. Yang “Convergent FEM for a membrane model of liquid crystal polymer networks.” SIAM Journal on Numerical
Analysis (2024).
[4] L. Bouck, R.H. Nochetto, S. Yang. “Reduced Membrane Model for Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks: Asymptotics and Computation.” To
appear in Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids (2024).
 Continuous data assimilation for a system of Darcy-Brinkman equations

Aytekin Cibik*1 , Mine Akbas1,2

1
Department of Mathematics, Gazi University, Turkey
2
Department of Mathematics, Tarsus University, Turkey

*contact: [email protected]

In this study, we consider a continuous data assimilation scheme applied on a double-diffusive natural convection
model. The algorithm is introduced with a second order time scheme along with a finite element discretization in
space. We prove the long time stability and long time convergence of the proposed algorithm under restrictions of
the time step size and data assimilation parameters. Two elaborative numerical test are given in order to confirm
the theory and prove the promise of the algorithm.
 A semi-discrete central-upwind scheme for the transport of components in a
poroelastic-black-oil model

Maicon R. Correa*1 , Marcio A. Murad2

1
Department of Applied Mathematics, Unicamp, Brazil
2
Department of Computational Modeling, LNCC, Brazil

*contact: [email protected]

In this work, we briefly discuss a Black-Oil model in Poroelastic media, where the conservation of the correspond-
ing component densities replaces the traditional black-oil conservation volume equations at standard conditions
[1, 2]. Such a model overcomes the necessity of keeping track of the dynamic hysteretic behavior of the bubble
point pressure, treating the phase appearance by assessing the excess concentration relative to the saturation
limit in the oil phase. The augmented concentration-based system (in terms of the compositions) of hyperbolic
equations requires more sophisticated numerical schemes capable of handling more complex storativity behavior,
which includes variations in the Lagrangian porosity [2]. Then, we present an innovative semi-discrete central-
upwind finite volume scheme for the system of hyperbolic conservation laws capable of capturing spatial and
temporal variability in porosity. This scheme obviates the necessity of adopting operation splitting schemes for
the storativity in the transport equations, as performed in previous works [3]. The continuous-in-time semi-discrete
formulation is then integrated using Strong Stability Preserving Runge-Kutta (SSPRK) schemes. We also com-
ment on the use of this methodology as a block for coupling multiphase flows with geomechanics. The potential
of the proposed scheme is illustrated in numerical simulations of black-oil flow problems in poroelastic media.

References
[1] John A. Trangenstein and John B. Bell. Mathematical structure of the black-oil model for petroleum reservoir simulation. SIAM Journal
on Applied Mathematics, 49(3):749–783, 1989.
[2] Maicon R. Correa and Marcio A. Murad. A fixed-stress-split scheme for a black-oil model inporoelastic media. 2024. Submitted.
[3] Maicon R. Correa and Marcio A. Murad. A new sequential method for three-phase immiscible flow in poroelastic media. Journal of
Computational Physics, 373:493 – 532, 2018.
 A Banach space formulation for the Navier–Stokes/Biot coupled problem

Aashi Dalal*1 , Ivan Yotov1 , Sergio Caucao2

1
Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh
2
Departamento de Matemática y Fı́sica Aplicadas, Universidad Católica de la Santı́sima Concepción

*contact: [email protected]

We introduce and analyse a fully-mixed formulation for the coupled problem arising in the interaction between a
free fluid and a poroelastic medium. The flows in the free fluid and poroelastic regions are governed by the Navier-
Stokes and Biot equations, respectively, and the transmission conditions are given by mass conservation, balance
of stresses, and the Beavers-Joseph-Saffman law. We apply dual-mixed formulations in both Navier-Stokes and
Darcy equations, where the symmetry of the Navier-Stokes pseudostress tensor is imposed in a weak sense. In
turn, since the transmission conditions are essential in the fully mixed formulation, they are imposed weakly by
introducing the traces of the fluid velocity and the poroelastic medium pressure on the interface as the associated
Lagrange multipliers. Existence and uniqueness of a solution are established for the continuous weak formulation
in a Banach space setting, employing classical results on monotone and nonlinear operators and a regularization
technique together with the Banach fixed point approach. We then present well posedness and error analysis
with corresponding rates of convergence for semidiscrete continuous-in-time formulation. Numerical experiments
are presented to verify the theoretical rates of convergence and illustrate the performance of the method for
application to flow through a filter.

References
[1] I. Ambartsumyan, E. Khattatov, I. Yotov, and P. Zunino. A Lagrange multiplier method for a Stokes-Biot fluid-poroelastic structure interac-
tion model. Numer. Math. 140(2), 513–553 (2018).
[2] S. Caucao, T. Li, and I. Yotov. An augmented fully mixed formulation for the quasistatic Navier–Stokes–Biot model. IMA Journal of
Numerical Analysis (2023) 00, 1–58.
[3] S. Caucao, T. Li, and I. Yotov. A multipoint stress-flux mixed finite element method for the Stokes-Biot model. Numerische Mathematik
(2022) 152:411–473.
Numerical analysis of locally adaptive penalty methods for the Navier-Stokes equations

Rui Fang*1

1
Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, PA

*contact: [email protected]

Penalty methods relax the incompressibility condition and uncouple velocity and pressure. Experience with them
indicates that the velocity error is sensitive to the choice of penalty parameter ϵ. So far, there is no effective á
prior formula for ϵ. Recently, Xie developed an adaptive penalty scheme for the Stokes problem that picks the
penalty parameter ϵ self-adaptively element by element small where ∇ · uh is large. Her numerical tests gave
accurate fluid predictions. The next natural step, developed here, is to extend the algorithm with supporting
analysis to the non-linear, time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. In this report, we prove its
unconditional stability, control of ∥∇ · uh ∥ and provide error estimates. We confirm the predicted convergence
rates with numerical tests.
 Refactorization of Cauchy’s method: a second-order partitioned method for
fluid-poroelastic material interaction

Connor Parrow*1 , Martina Bukač1,2

1
Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame
2
Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame

*contact: [email protected]

Poroelastic materials include both manmade and natural materials, with examples including biological systems
found in bones, flesh, tissue, or blood clots; geological landscapes composed of rocks, soil, sand, or volcanic
debris; and manmade substances such as ceramics, foams, or cements. They are often in contact with fluids.
Hence fluid-poroelastic structure interaction models have been used to gain deeper insight in many applications.
This work focuses on a development of a novel, strongly-coupled partitioned method for fluid-poroelastic structure
interaction. The flow is assumed to be viscous and incompressible, and the poroelastic material is described
using the Biot model. To solve this problem, a numerical method based on Robin interface conditions was used,
combined with the refactorization of the Cauchy’s one-legged ’θ-like’ method. The finite element method is used
for the spatial discretization. In this algorithm, a sequence of Backward Euler-Forward Euler steps is used to
discretize the problem in time. In the Backward Euler step, the fluid and poroelastic structure sub-problems
are solved iteratively until convergence. Then, the Forward Euler problems are solved using equivalent linear
extrapolations. We prove that the iterative procedure is convergent, and that the method is stable provided
θ ∈ [ 12 , 1]. Numerical examples are used to explore convergence rates with varying parameter values in the
problem, and to compare our method to other strongly-coupled partitioned schemes from the literature.
 Nonlinear model order reduction with smooth neural fields

Vedant Puri*1 , Aviral Prakash1 , Levent Burak Kara1 , Yongjie Jessica Zhang1

1
Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University

*contact: [email protected]

There has been heightened interest in model order reduction for predictive modeling in light of recent advances in
machine learning (ML). Reduced order models (ROMs) follow a separation of variables approach. First a reduced
state representation is learned from data. Then, the reduced state vector is evolved in time following the physics
of the problem. ML-ROMs, which apply nonlinear transformations to obtain a powerful ROM representation, have
been shown to outperform projection-based PCA-ROMs in advection-dominated fluid-flow problems. ML-ROMs,
however, incur limitations as they are trained using autoencoders that learn to map high-dimensional simulation
data from fixed grids to a reduced space.
In this work, we cut the training time in the offline stage by half by employing an encoder-less training approach
where a decoder is learned along with reduced representations corresponding to trajectories in the training set.
The decoder, a continuous neural field model, then learns a mapping from the reduced space to the space of
continuous vector fields in a discretization-invariant manner. Our model is therefore able to learn ROMs from
simulations on adaptive and evolving grids where interpolation to a fixed mesh may be infeasible.
Once a reduced representation is learned, the problem is time-evolved per the governing PDE system, which
involves computing spatial derivatives of the solution field. Prior works suffer from nonsmooth neural represen-
tations whose derivatives are corrupted by noise, and resort to low-order finite differencing on a supplementary
coarse mesh. We sidestep this problem by developing methods to learn smooth neural representations that
can be differentiated exactly with automatic differentiation. Our key observation behind this improvement is that
smooth neural representations can be learned by applying regularization to the decoder model during the offline
training process.
In this presentation, we discuss our contributions which lead to faster offline-stage, and improved accuracy, per-
formance during the online-stage. We demonstrate the efficacy of our methods on several 1D and 2D advection
dominated traveling shock problems.
 Interaction between a fluid and a multilayered poroelastic structure with membrane

Andrew Scharf*1 , Sunčica Čanić1 , Martina Bukač2

1
Department of Mathematics, University of California at Berkeley
2
Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame

*contact: andrew [email protected]

Multilayered poroelastic structures are found in many biological tissues, such as cartilage and the cornea, and find
use in the design of bioartificial organs and other bioengineering applications. Motivated by these applications,
we analyze the interaction of a free fluid flow modeled by the time-dependent Stokes equation and a multilayered
poroelastic structure consisting of a thick Biot layer and a thin, linear, poroelastic membrane separating it from
the Stokes flow. The resulting equations are linearly coupled across the thin structure domain through physical
coupling conditions such as the Beavers-Joseph-Saffman condition. Previous work has been done in which weak
solutions were shown to exist by constructing approximate solutions using Rothe’s method. While a number of
partitioned numerical schemes have been developed for the interaction of Stokes flow with a thick Biot struc-
ture, the existence of an additional thin poroelastic plate in the model presents new challenges related to finite
element analysis on multiscale domains. We develop a novel, fully discrete partitioned method for the multilay-
ered poroelastic fluid-structure problem based on the fixed strain Biot splitting method and show stability of the
splitting scheme under a time-step condition. We also present numerical results showing convergence plots for
manufactured solutions and validate the solver with a comparison to the Stokes-Biot model with no thin interface.
 Variable time step method of Dahlquist, Liniger, and Nevanlinna (DLN) for a corrected
Smagorinsky model

Farjana Siddiqua*1 , Wenlong Pei1,2

1
Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh
2
Department of Mathematics, Ohio State University

*contact: [email protected]

The classical Smagorinsky model’s solution is an approximation to a (resolved) mean velocity. Since it is an eddy
viscosity model, it cannot represent a flow of energy from unresolved fluctuations to the (resolved) mean velocity.
This model has recently been corrected to incorporate this flow and still be well-posed. Herein, we first develop
some basic properties of the corrected model. Next, we perform a complete numerical analysis of two algorithms
(Backward Euler and Crank-Nicolson with linear extrapolation) for its approximation. They are tested and proven
to be effective. Turbulent flows strain resources, both memory and CPU speed. Variable Time Step Method of
DAHLQUIST, LINIGER AND NEVANLINNA (DLN) has greater accuracy and allows larger timesteps which means
it requires less memory and fewer FLOPS. DLN can also be implemented adaptively. Hence, we also consider
DLN method for the time discretization in Corrected Smagorinsky Model. We test that DLN gives best result.

References
[1] Farjana Siddiqua and Wenlong Pei. Variable Time Step Method of Dahlquist, Liniger, and Nevanlinna (DLN) for a Corrected Smagorinsky
Model. 2023. Submited to the Interna tional journal of numerical analysis & modeling. axXiv:2309.01867 [math.NA].
 A coupled fracture fluid-structure interaction framework

Henry von Wahl*1, 2 , Thomas Wick3

1
Institute for Mathematics, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
2
Institute for Computational and Experimental Research in Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
3
Institute for Applied Mathematics, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany

*contact: [email protected]

We consider the propagation of a pressure-driven, fluid-filled, quasi-static brittle fracture inside an elastic ma-
terial in which the crack develops. Applications for this can be found in porous media problems such as natu-
ral and induced fractures, groundwater flow, nuclear waste management, and fluid-filled biomaterials. For this
crack-propagation problem, we model the fracture with well-known phase-field approach using an elliptic Am-
brosio–Tortorelli functional. This approach is attractive due to the fixed background mesh and the possibility for
the crack interfaces to move up to large deformations and topology changes. However, a drawback of this ap-
proach is that it is limited to simple physics at the crack interface between the fluid and the surrounding medium.
Following our work in [2], we take a mesh reconstruction approach to switch from the interface-capturing phase-
field model to an interface-tracking model in which the coupling conditions can be realized in a highly accurate
fashion. Consequently, we model a Stokes flow inside the fracture coupled to the surrounding elastic medium
using an Arbitrary Lagrangean-Eulerian (ALE) finite element method. However, the resulting fluid pressure is
only available inside the fracture, which is incompatible with the standard pressurized phase-field fracture model.
Consequently, we use a novel formulation for the pressure coupling in the phase-field fracture model, allowing us
to use only the local pressure. A fully coupled approach is then obtained by iterating between the phase-field and
the fluid-structure interaction models. The new phase-field fracture formulation is investigated using Sneddon’s
test, and the resulting coupled algorithm is demonstrated for several numerical examples of quasi-static brittle
fractures.

References
[1] H. von Wahl and T. Wick. A coupled high-accuracy phase-field fluid-structure interaction framework for stokes fluid-filled fracture sur-
rounded by an elastic medium - reproduction scripts, August 2023.
[2] H. von Wahl and T. Wick. A high-accuracy framework for phase-field fracture interface reconstructions with application to stokes fluid-filled
fracture surrounded by an elastic medium. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 415:116202, October 2023.
[3] H. von Wahl and T. Wick. A coupled high-accuracy phase-field fluid-structure interaction framework for stokes fluid-filled fracture sur-
rounded by an elastic medium. Results Appl. Math., 22:100455, May 2024.
 Multipoint stress mixed finite element methods for elasticity

Ibrahim Yazici*1 , Ivan Yotov1

1
Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh

*contact: [email protected]

We develop multipoint stress mixed finite element methods for linear elasticity with weak stress symmetry on
hexahedra and distorted quadrilateral grids. These methods can be reduced to a symmetric and positive definite
cell-centered system. The methods on hexahedra utilize the lowest-order enhanced Raviart-Thomas finite ele-
ment space, and the methods in 2D utilize the lowest-order Brezzi–Douglas–Marini finite element spaces for the
stress. The symmetric vertex quadrature rule in 3D and non-symmetric vertex quadrature rule in 2D were used
to localize the interaction of degrees of freedom, which allows for local stress elimination around each vertex. We
develop two variants of the method in 2D and 3D. The first uses a piecewise constant rotation and results in a
cell-centered system for displacement and rotation. The second employs a continuous piecewise bilinear (trilinear
in 3D) rotation, allowing for further elimination of the rotation, resulting in a cell-centered system for displacement
only. Stability and error analysis are performed for both methods. First-order convergence is established for all
variables in their natural norms. A duality argument is employed to prove second-order superconvergence of the
displacement at the cell centers. Numerical results are presented to confirm the theory.

References
[1] D. N. Arnold, G. Awanou, and W. Qiu, “Mixed finite elements for elasticity on quadrilateral meshes,” Adv. Comput. Math., vol. 41, no. 3,
pp. 553–572, 2015.
[2] I. Ambartsumyan, E. Khattatov, J. M. Nordbotten, and I. Yotov, “A multipoint stress mixed finite element method for elasticity on simplicial
grids,” SIAM J. Numer. Anal., vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 630–656, 2020.
[3] I. Ambartsumyan, E. Khattatov, J. M. Nordbotten, and I. Yotov, “A multipoint stress mixed finite element method for elasticity on quadrilat-
eral grids,” Numer. Methods Partial Differential Eq., vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 1886–1915, 2021.
 A Robin-Robin splitting method for the Stokes-Biot fluid-poroelastic structure
interaction model

Aashi Dalal*1 , Ivan Yotov*1 , Rebecca Durst1 , Annalisa Quaini2

1
Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Houston

*contact: [email protected], [email protected]

We develop and analyze a splitting method for fluid-poroelastic structure interaction. The fluid is described using
the Stokes equations and the poroelastic structure is described using the Biot equations. The transmission con-
ditions on the interface are given by mass conservation, balance of stresses, and the Beavers-Joseph-Saffman
condition. The splitting method uses Robin-Robin boundary conditions on the interface, which are defined using
the transmission conditions. We prove the√method is unconditionally stable and establish an error estimate show-
ing that the time discretization error is O( T ∆t), where T is the end of the time interval of interest and ∆t is the
times step. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical convergence rate.