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Breadth-first search is a good idea when you are confident that the branching
factor is_____

►Extremely small

►Small (Artificial Intelligence, 3/E) Click here for detail

►Medium

►Large

Another expert system named __________was developed by Digital Equipment

Corporation, as a computer configuration assistant.

►R1/XCON (Page 112)

►MYCIN

►Dendral

►R3/XCON

An AI system must form a meaningful and useful _____________ of the internal

information.

►Representation (Page 89)

►Execution

►Learning

►Planning

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An AI system has a ____________ component that allows the system to get

information from its environment.

►Planning

►Perception (Page 89)

►Learning

►Execution

Progressive deepening guarantees to find the solution at a minimum depth like

►DFS

►BFS (Page 37)

►None

In Adversarial search the goals of the adversaries are usually ___________ to

each other

►Contrary (Page 62)

►Same

►None

To infer new information from semantic networks, we can ask questions from
nodes.

►True (Page 97)

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►False

Which one is not the application area of expert system?

►Diagnosis

►Prescription

►Interpretation

►None (Page 114)

An expert system is different from conventional programs in the sense that

program control and knowledge are ___________.

►Separate (Page 121)

►Defined

►Together

►Common

Which one of the following is involved in an ES development project:

►The domain expert

►The knowledge engineer

►The end user

►All of the given (Page 122)

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Semantic networks are computationally expensive at __________

►Run time (Page 97)

►Compile Time

►Start Time

►End Time

We can get optimal solution given some parameters using Genetic Algorithm.

►True (Page 79)

►False

___________ reasoning is based on forming, or inducing a „generalization‟ from

a limited set of observations.

►Deductive

►Abductive

►Analogical

►Inductive (Page 102)

______ is the process of deriving logical conclusions from given facts.

►Representation

►Execution

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►Reasoning (Page 102)

►Planning

Identify the correct step used to start design of an expert system.

►Feasibility study (Page 129)

►Problem reorganization

►Scope study

►Rapid prototyping

Inductive learning is based on the knowledge that if something happens a lot it

is likely to be generally _________

►True (Page 160)

►False

►Ambiguous

►None of the given

If the antecedent is only partially true, then the output fuzzy set is truncated
according to the _________ method

►Intrinsic

►Implication (Page 153)

►Boolean
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►None of the given

Questions:
Q1 - Differentiate between Mutation and Crossover. (2 Marks)

Answer:- (Page 81) In Mutation, each “Individual” (or “solution”) has one parent.
In Inheritance or Crossover, each “Individual” (or “solution”) has two parents.

Q2- Write CLIPS command for "remove only Facts”. (2 Marks)

Answer:- (Page 134) The retract command is used to remove or retract facts. For
example: (retract 1) removes fact 1 (retract 1 3) removes fact 1 and 3

Q3- Bike is heavy! This statement is uncertain fact or not? Elaborate. (3 Marks)

Answer:- (Page 94) No, this statement belongs to Fuzzy facts. Fuzzy facts are
ambiguous in nature, e.g. the book is heavy/light. Here it is unclear what heavy
means because it is a subjective description. Fuzzy representation is used for such
facts. While defining fuzzy facts, we use certainty factor values to specify value of
“truth”. We will look at fuzzy representation in more detail later.

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Q4- Elaborate the importance of Knowledge Base in ES. (3 Marks)

Answer:- (Page 117) The knowledge base is the part of an expert system that
contains the domain knowledge, i.e. • Problem facts, rules • Concepts •
Relationships As we have emphasized several times, the power of an ES lies to a
large extent in its richness of knowledge. Therefore, one of the prime roles of the
expert system designer is to act as a knowledge engineer. As a knowledge
engineer, the designer must overcome the knowledge acquisition bottleneck and
find an effective way to get information from the expert and encode it in the
knowledge base, using one of the knowledge representation techniques we
discussed in KRR.

Q5- Conflict Resolution Strategies (5 Marks)

Answer:- (Page 126) To overcome the conflict problem stated above, we may
choose to use on of the following conflict resolution strategies: • Fire first rule in
sequence (rule ordering in list). Using this strategy all the rules in the list are
ordered (the ordering imposes prioritization). When more than one rule matches,
we simply fire the first in the sequence • Assign rule priorities (rule ordering by
importance). Using this approach we assign explicit priorities to rules to allow
conflict resolution. • More specific rules (more premises) are preferred over
general rules. This strategy is based on the observation that a rule with more
premises, in a sense, more evidence or votes from its premises, therefore it

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should be fired in preference to a rule that has less premises. • Prefer rules whose
premises were added more recently to WM (timestamping). This allows
prioritizing recently added facts over older facts. • Parallel Strategy (view-points).
Using this strategy, we do not actually resolve the conflict by selecting one rule to
fire. Instead, we branch out our execution into a tree, with each branch operation
in parallel on multiple threads of reasoning. This allows us to maintain multiple
view-points on the argument concurrently

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