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Ravi Nikhil Choragudi - Life in British North America 1850-1890 Notes For Chapter 1

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52 views1 page

Ravi Nikhil Choragudi - Life in British North America 1850-1890 Notes For Chapter 1

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sushil.choragudi2
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Life in British North America 1850-1890 : Notes for Chapter 1

Please use the following four sub-headings to take brief notes about information from these sections in the
textbook on Nelson Edwin.

1-What shaped the Atlantic Colonies

Industry was doing good in the Atlantic colonies in the mid 1800s. There were many opportunities for both working class and
middle class people to make a living, but most struggled to get by. However, merchants, shipbuilders, and other businesspeople
were able to develop successful businesses, which created a wealthy upper class. In the 1850s, Salter’s shipbuilding company
was one of the largest employers in the Atlantic colonies. He was elected as the first mayor of the town of Moncton in 1855. But
as times changed, so too did Salter’s career. In the Atlantic colonies, the Mi’kmaq, Maliseet, and Passamaquoddy First Nations
had signed Peace and Friendship treaties with the British government. These treaties guaranteed Indigenous rights to hunt and
fish throughout the region and to maintain a reasonable livelihood. These are the things that shaped the Atlantic Colonies.

2-How did a French Majority affect Canada East

Since French had majority it was hard for Canada east to get jobs that pay good wage so when parents died
in families, the land they farmed was divided among their children. The plots of land became smaller and
smaller over the years. After several generations, these small farms could hardly produce enough to support
the farming families. This is an excerpt from a letter that Papineau wrote to his son Amédée in 1852. “We will
threaten court action and we will sue a few people, but in such a new area there is really so much poverty
that I feel more repugnance [intense disgust] in suing them than they do in repaying. Lack of foresight
[ability to predict], ignorance, the tendency to become indebted to the merchants are the common failings
of all the habitants without exception.” As you can see he says “In such a new area there is really so much
poverty that I feel more repugnance”. This is how the French Majority affected Canada East.

3-How was Canada West Changing

Canada West was becoming very busy because lots of British immigrants arriving and developing networks,
towns, and cities. Railways being built to connect people who didnt live close to water, connecting twins and
cities. Easier to ship goods, Rural communities were more connected with the railway and allowed farmers to
move even further away from cities to settle their own farms. Lots of immigration from British, Black
Americans, and Irish setterlers who were all competing for jobs which led to some tension. Irish Protestants
(Orange Order) became most powerful ethnic group… high population and roles in government, police, and
firefighters. The Underground Railroad and abolitionists like Mary Ann Shadd and Harriet Tubman worked to
free Black Americans from slavery and assist them in becoming established in Canada West. Slavery ended
in British North America in 1833, but not until 1867 in the southern United States. Lots of farms led to building
of factories to provide farm equipment. Farmers would even take out loans to buy new equipment. First
Nations bands were forced out of their traditional lands they were not even given opportunity to purchase
the land when it was auctioned off by the Canadian government.

4-What Changed in the Northwest & Pacific Coast

Hudson’s Bay Company estimated that there were 140 000 First Nations people and 10 000 people of
European descent and Métis living in the Northwest and the Pacific Coast region.By the mid-1800s, the Red
River Settlement in Rupert’s Land was made up of people of different cultures. They included Métis, some
Scottish immigrants, and retired Hudson’s Bay Company workers and their First Nations wives.The first
governor appointed to this new colony was named James Douglas. He tried to keep the peace between new
European settlers who wanted to use the land and First Nations already living in the area such as the
Songhees First Nation and the Esquimalt First Nation. He offered First Nations Aboriginal title to a small
part of the island. This meant that some land was legally recognized as First Nations territory. This is what
changed in the northwest & pacific coast.

5-Looking Back

Looking back life was changing because there were railways being built any many things were geting better
like farming and a lot of other things. I feel like this has helped the country to what it is today in Canada.

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