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4.3 Genetic Mapping

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11 views

4.3 Genetic Mapping

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23003311
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CHAPTER 4 : BIOLOGY 1 SB015

SEMESTER 1
GENETIC INHERITANCE SESSION 2022/2023

4.3 : GENETIC MAPING


LEARNING OUTCOMES
(a) Define genetic mapping.
(b) Explain genetic mapping in relation to recombinant
frequency during meiosis. (distance between gene
α 1/recombinant frequency)
(c) Calculate the genetic distance (map unit) between
genes using the given recombination data.
(d) Identify the position or order of genes along a
chromosome based on recombination data.
GENETIC MAPPING

Definition:
A method of using recombination frequencies
between alleles to determine the orders of genes and
the relative distance between them.
GENETIC MAPPING
The distance between two genes/loci
= 1 map unit
= 1 cM (centiMorgan)
= 1 % COV
RECOMBINATION FREQUENCIES

Definition:
The percentage of recombinants in the total pool of
offspring.

Is calculated using formula below:


Recombinant frequency
Total number of recombinants
= X 100
Total number of all offspring
RECOMBINATION FREQUENCIES
Recombination frequencies between genes are
proportional to their distance apart.
▪ The farther apart two genes are, the higher the
probability that crossover will occur between them.
▪ Thus, the higher the recombination frequencies (because
produce new recombination of genes).
RECOMBINATION FREQUENCIES

Genes that are very close to each other usually are


inherited together, they seldom recombine.
e.g., gene b and gene cn cross over 8% of the time
are more likely to be inherited together.
Partial genetic map of a
Drosophila chromosome
Test Cross of Linked genes
(Crossing over occurs)

P: X

G: b+vg+ bvg b+vg bvg+ bvg

F1: b+vg+/bvg bvg/bvg b+vg/bvg bvg+/bvg

Parental-type Recombinant
offspring offspring
Calculate the genetic distance (map unit)
Phenotypic ratio of offspring is not 1:1 OR 1:1:1:1

Larger number Smaller number


Calculate the genetic distance between genes
controlling the body color and wing shape
F1:

Recombination frequency = Total number of recombinants X 100


Total number of all offspring
206 + 185
=
965 + 944 + 206 + 185
X 100
= 17%
Distance between genes = 17 map units/cM, centiMorgan
Map the chromosome
(determine the order or position of genes)
based on the recombination data
Example:

P, Q, R and S genes are linked.


COV for pairs of genes are as follows :

P-Q = 35%
P-R = 5%
R-Q = 40%
Q-S = 10%
R-S = 30%
Map the chromosome
(determine the order or position of genes)
based on the recombination data
Solution: Step 1
P-Q = 35%
P-R = 5%
R-Q = 40% Start with the highest % of COV
Q-S = 10%
R-S = 30%
R Q

40 %
Map the chromosome
(determine the order or position of genes)
based on the recombination data
Solution: Step 2
P-Q = 35% Then, second highest % of COV
P-R = 5%
R-Q = 40%
Q-S = 10%
R-S = 30% R P Q

35 %

40 %
Map the chromosome
(determine the order or position of genes)
based on the recombination data
Solution: Step 3
P-Q = 35%
P-R = 5%
R-Q = 40%
Q-S = 10%
R-S = 30% Third highest % of COV
R P S Q

30 %
35 %
40 %
Map the chromosome
(determine the order or position of genes)
based on the recombination data
Solution: Step 4
P-Q = 35%
P-R = 5%
R-Q = 40%
Q-S = 10% The next COV
R-S = 30%
R P S Q

30 % 10 %
35 %

40 %
Map the chromosome
(determine the order or position of genes)
based on the recombination data
Solution: Step 5
P-Q = 35%
P-R = 5% The smallest COV is always labeled lastly.
R-Q = 40%
Q-S = 10%
R5%P S Q
R-S = 30%

30 % 10 %
35 %

40 %
Map the chromosome
(determine the order or position of genes)
based on the recombination data
Solution: Step 6
Answer:
Position or order of genes P, Q, R and S along a
chromosome is RPSQ.

R5%P S Q

30 % 10 %
35 %

40 %
State the sequence of gene along the
chromosome.
Example:

J, K, L, M and N are linked genes.


The percentage of crossing over between genes is

J with M = 20%
J with L = 35%
J with N = 70%
L with K = 15%
M with N = 50%
M with L = 15%
HOTS QUESTION

Genes A, B, and C are located on the same


chromosome. Test crosses show that the
recombination frequency between A and B is
28% and between A and C is 12%. Can you
determine the linear order of these genes?
Explain.
HOTS QUESTION
Answer

No.
The order could be A-C-B or C-A-B. To
determine which possibility is correct, you need
to know the recombination frequency between B
and C.

A C B C A B
12 % OR
12 % 28 %

28 %
THANK YOU!
There's biology in everything,
even when you're feeling
spiritual.

~Helen Fisher~

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