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Rotational Motion1

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Rotational Motion1

Uploaded by

cabiaza.theo489
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
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ROTATION OF

Motion in Two or Three


Dimensions
RIGID BODIES
INTRODUCTION
An airplane propeller, a revolving door, a ceiling fan, and a
Ferris wheel all involve rotating rigid objects.
Real-world rotations can be very complicated because of
stretching and twisting of the rotating object. But for now we’ll
assume that the rotating object is perfectly rigid.
ANGULAR COORDINATE
A car’s speedometer needle rotates about a fixed axis.
UNITSOFANGLES (1 OF2)

One complete revolution is 360 = 2 radians.


UNITSOFANGLES(2 OF2)
An angle in radians is = s , as shown in the figure.
r
ANGULARVELOCITY
The average angular velocity of an object is
INSTANTANEOUSANGULARVELOCITY
The instantaneous angular velocity is the limit of average angular
velocity as Δθ approaches zero:

When we refer simply to “angular velocity,” we mean the instantaneous


angular velocity, not the average angular velocity.

The angular velocity can be positive or negative, depending on the


direction in which the rigid body is rotating.
ANGULARVELOCITYISAVECTOR (1 OF2)
Angular velocity is defined as a vector
whose direction isgiven by the right-
hand rule.
ANGULAR ACCELERATION

The instantaneous angular acceleration is


ANGULAR ACCELERATION ASAVECTOR
Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration
The rotational formulas have the same form as the straight-line formulas,
as shown in Table 9.1 below.

Straight-Line Motion with Fixed-Axis Rotation with


Constant Linear Acceleration Constant Angular Acceleration
sub x = constant alpha sub z = constant
ax = constant  z = constant

v x = v 0 x + ax t
v sub x = v sub 0 x + ay sub x t z = 0 z +  z t
omega sub z = omega sub 0 z + alpha sub z t

1
x = x sub 0 + v sub 0 x t + one-half ay 2sub x t squared 1
theta = theta sub 0 + theta sub 0 z t + one-half alpha sub z t
x = x 0 + v 0 x t + ax t squared =  + t +  t
0 0z z
2
2 2
v x 2 = v 0 x 2 + 2ax ( x − x0 )  =
omega sub2z squared = omega
z minus theta
times, theta
2
0 z sub 0+ 2 ( −  )
sub 0 z squared + 2 alpha sub z
z 0

1
x minus x sub 0 = one-half times, v sub 0 x + v sub x, times t 1
theta minus theta sub 0 = one-half times, omega sub 0 z +
x − x0 = (v 0 x + v x )t  − 0 = (0 z + z )t
omega sub z, times t
2 2
RELATING LINEAR ANDANGULARKINEMATICS
ROTATIONAL KINETIC ENERGY
The rotational kinetic energy of a rigid body is:

The moment of inertia, I, is obtained by multiplying the mass


of each particle by the square of its distance from the axis
of rotation and adding these products:

The SI unit of I is the kilogram-meter2 (kgm 2 ).


THE PARALLEL-AXIS THEOREM
There isa simple
relationship, called the
parallel-axis theorem,
between the moment of
inertia of an object about
an axis through its center
of mass and the moment
of inertia about any other
axis parallel to the
original axis.
MOMENTOFINERTIACALCULATIONS
The moment of inertia of any distribution of mass can be found by
integrating over its volume:

By measuring small variations in the orbits


of satellites, geophysicists can measure the
earth’s moment of inertia.
This tells ushow our planet’s mass is
distributed within its interior.
The data show that the earth is far denser
at the core than in its outer layers.
A 8kg disk with a diameter of 2.5 m is spinning at an
angular speed of 15 rad/s.
What is the moment inertia of the solid disk?
ROTATIONAL
Motion in Two or Three
DYNAMICS
Dimensions
LOOSEN A BOLT
Which of the three equal-magnitude forces in the figure is
most likely to loosen the bolt?
TORQUE
The line of action of a force is
the line along which the force
vector lies.
The lever arm for a force is
the perpendicular distance
from O to the line of action of
the force.
The torque of a force with
respect to O is the product of
the force and its lever arm.
THREE WAYSTO CALCULATE TORQUE
TORQUE ASAVECTOR
Torque can be expressed as a vector
using the vector product.
If you curl the fingers of your right
hand in the direction of the force
around the rotation axis, your
outstretched thumb points in the
direction of the torque vector.

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