Year 4 booklet Term 3 Model Answer

Unit 7 (light)

1. What are the natural sources of light?

The sun – Northern lights - Lightening

2. What are the artificial sources of light?

Fireworks display – streetlights – car headlights – flashlights – television – Laptop

3. Can you think of an object that some people might mistake for a light source? What is it?

The moon is not a light source as it doesn’t make its own light. it just reflects the sun light
which makes it look bright and shiny in dark.

4. Is the mirror a light source? How does the mirror appear bright and shiny? How can we
see ourselves in a mirror?

No, the mirror isn’t a light source. The mirror is made of a flat, smooth and polished piece of
glass which is a good reflector of light. The light reflected preserves the original image so it
creates a clear image.

5. How can we measure the brightness of a light source?

We can measure the brightness of a light source with the light meter.

6. What is the unit of brightness?

Lumens is the unit of brightness

7. How does light travel from a light source?

Light always travels outwards from a light source. The rays of light couldn’t be changed in
shape. They must be in straight line.
8. How does distance affect the brightness of a light source?

The further the distance of the light source, the dimmer the light appears.

The closer the distance of the light source, the brighter the light appears.

9. What pattern can you describe between distance of flashlight from wall and size of light
circle?

The further the light source is from the wall, the larger the circle of light and the dimmer it
is.

The closer the light source from the wall, the smaller the circle of light and the brighter it is.

10.What is a beam of light?

A beam of light is made up of many individual rays.

11.What is the difference between a beam and a ray of light?

A beam of light is made up of many individual rays.

12.Are all the rays of light travelling in the same directions?

All the rays of light are travelling in different directions.

13.How are the reflective materials similar?

All the reflective materials are flat, smooth and have bright colours.

14.How do materials that reflect a lot of light appear?

They appear bright and shiny.

15.How do materials that reflect a little light appear?

They appear dull.

16.Which material is best for the Brilliant Bag Company to use as the reflective strip on their
new book bag? Why?
 Polyester is a good reflective material. When light hits this material. It is reflected well and
the reflected light shine and light up the whole bag so the children will be seen in the dark by
the car drivers.

17.What is Dark?

Dark is the absence of light.

18.What is a shadow?

A shadow is created when an opaque object or material blocks light so it creates a dark area
or shape on a surface.

19.Describe Transparent, Translucent and opaque materials with relation to light

Transparent. Materials that let all light pass through. They reflect a lot of light

Translucent. Materials that let some light pass through. They reflect some light.

Opaque. Materials that block light.

20.What sort of shadows do these materials make?

Transparent. Materials don’t make shadow because they let a lot of light pass through.

Translucent. Materials make a faint shadow because they let some light pass through.

Opaque. Materials make a dark shadow because they block all light.

21.What other properties should the materials have? Think about the properties of all
clothing.

Clothing materials should be flexible, soft, washable and strong in order to be worn.

22.Why do we use or need reflective materials?

Because in the dark they look bright and shiny if they are hit with light from a light source so
that they can be seen.

23.How can different colours and materials affect how light is reflected and how people or
objects can be seen well?
Smooth, flat and bright colours materials reflect a lot of light so they look bright and shiny and
can be seen easily.

24.Give examples of how reflective surfaces and materials can be very useful in our life.
 Reflective strips on coats which are useful for builders, firefighters or any people who
work at night in dark.
 Reflective strips on school bags to keep students safe because they will be seen by car
drivers.
 Cat’s Eyes’ help drivers see the road by reflecting light from head lamps.
 Mirrors let us see ourselves, and are also useful in cars.to allow drivers to see behind
them
 Retroreflectors are used for road signs so that drivers can see the signs from their car.
25.How do the Lemur’s eyes appear to glow or to shine a light?

They reflect the light that shines on them.

26.What do you know about how your eyes work?

Light reflects off an object, enters the cornea of the eye and passes the pupil. The lens then
focuses the light on to the retina. The retina contains light- sensitive cells that gather
information (light – dark, colour and movement and sends this information to the optic nerve.
The optic nerve transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. This information is
carried in tiny electrical signals along the nerve cells. The electrical signals reach the brain,
brain cells in the visual cortex can process the image, turning it the correct way round.

27.Priya investigates reflection of light using a flashlight

She shines the flashlight at a mirror and draws the path of the ray of light

Priya has not completed the diagram.

Draw the ray of light coming from the mirror.
28. Complete the sentences
Light hits the surface of the mirror ball.

The light is then reflects /reflected

The light changes direction / position / angle

We see the light because it enters our eyes

29. Priya investigates shadows

She makes different animal shapes and puts them on sticks.

Complete the sentences to describe how the animal shadows are formed.

a. Animal shadows are made when light from a source is blocked.

b. This is because the material they are made from is opaque
c. This is because the eye of the animal shape is transparent

30. Mia puts some books on a desk

She turns the light on
The books make a shadow on the desk
What does Mia do to make the shadow longer?

Tick (√) the correct two boxes

Add a book

Move the light away from the books

31. Look at the picture of a swan floating on water

Which word describes why it looks like there are two swans in the picture?

Circle the correct answer

Intensity opaque reflection shadow transparent

 Unit 8 (Electricity)
1. A bulb will only light up if the circuit has …….
a. Power source
b. Copper
c. Metal a is a better conductor

2. Ahmed and Hassan are making a quiz board

They write a question
They write three answers
Only one of the answers is correct

If they get the question correct the lamp will turn on

a. Ahmed asks Hassan what parts A and B are called

Circle the correct answer
A is a battery and B is a lamp
A is a cell and B is a switch
A is a switch and B is a lamp
A is a cell and B is a lamp

A is a battery and B is a switch

b. Ahmed uses the quiz board

He connects the wire from the question to answer 2 on the quiz board
Has he selected the correct answer? yes
 Explain your answer

Lamp lights up/ Lamp is on / Circuit is complete

c. A wire is used to make the connections

The outside of the wire is made of plastic
Explain why?
Insulator / so they do not get an electric shock
d. The inside of the wire is made of copper
Explain why?
Good conductor
3. Julia has a bike with a light.

The picture below shows the circuit in Julia’s light

a. Draw a circuit diagram to show the circuit in Julia’s light.

Use symbols in your drawing.

b. What should Julia add to her circuit to make the light brighter?
Julia should add another cell
c. It is important for people riding bikes to be seen in the dark.
The pictures below show what two jackets look like when Julia shines a torch on each of
them.
Julia can see Jacket B better than Jacket A
Explain what happens to the light from the torch for Julia to see Jacket B better than
jacket A
It is reflected better from jacket B because it has a brighter colour which reflects light better.
d. Draw TWO arrows on the diagram below to show the direction light travels for the car
driver to see the light on Julia’s bike.
 Light from the bike hits the mirror and then it is reflected to the car drivers.

4. Mia investigates electrical conductors

She puts different materials in an electrical circuit

a. The symbol for the cell is

Draw the symbol for the lamp

or

b. Some materials are good conductors of electricity

What happens to the lamp if the material is a good conductor of electricity?

Lamp lights up/ Lamp will turn on / lamp will work

c. Which material is a good conductor of electricity?

Circle the correct answer
Paper plastic rubber silver wood
5. Look at this electrical circuit
Why does this electrical circuit not work?

Tick (√) one

The circuit is not complete

6. Look at the diagrams of four electrical circuits

a. How many electrical circuits will work?

Circle the correct answer
0 1 2 3 4
b. Draw the electrical symbol for a motor in the space below

7. Electrical cables contain wires

a. A and B are made of plastic

Why are they made of plastic?
Because it is a good electrical insulator / a poor conductor
 b. C is a wire
Write down the name of the material used to make C

Metal/ Copper
8. Hassan and Mike connect an electrical circuit

Hassan moves the wire × from 0 cm to 8 cm

Mike writes down how bright the lamp is for each distance

He uses a scale from 0 to 100

100 is the brightest on the scale

Here are the first three results

a. Complete the sentence

As the distance increases the brightness of the lamp decreases/becomes dim
Predict the brightness of the lamp for the distance of 6 cm
Circle the correct answer
0 20 40 60 80
b. Complete the sentence
Choose the best word from the following
Graphite is a good electrical conductor
 9. Here are four electrical circuits

a. How many lamps in total will light up?

Circle the correct answer
2
b. Draw a circuit symbol for a cell.

c. Lily puts different objects in this electrical circuit.

Predict what will happen if the object is a good conductor

Lamp will be bright / lamp will light up

Predict what will happen if the object is a bad conductor.

Lamp will be dim / Lamp will not light up or glow

d. Lily makes this circuit

Lily wants to make the lamp brighter. Which electrical circuit should she make?
Tick (√) the box next to the correct electrical circuit
 10.Rajiv is investigating electrical circuits
Here is his circuit

Rajiv wants to make the lamp brighter

Tick (√) the two correct boxes

11.Ahmed is learning about electrical circuits

a. Ahmed draws an electrical circuit
The electrical circuit has a cell, a lamp, a lamp and a switch
Draw the circuit symbols in the boxes to complete the diagram
 b. Ahmed decides to add another lamp to the electrical circuit
Which one of the following sentences is true?
Tick (√) the correct box

12.Kofi has built an electrical circuit

a. The lamps are off

What does Kofi do to turn the lamps on?
Turn on the switch

In the space below draw the circuit diagram for this electrical circuit

Use circuit symbols

 13.Complete these sentences

Cables and wires need to be good electrical conductors

They are made of metals

For safety, Wires are covered with materials that do not conduct electricity.

The wires are covered with plastic

Any material that is non-conductor is an insulator

14.Here are four circuits. Tick (√) the box under each circuit where the lamp is lit

The second and the fourth circuit

15.David made another circuit. This circuit didn’t work

Circle four things that are wrong with the circuit
Add labels to the circles to describe how to correct the mistake
 16.You will need
1.5-volt cell three lamps
Wire lamp holders
a. Make a series circuit with three lamps and a single 1.5-volt cell
If you want all the lamps in your circuit to light, what must you do to make this happen?
Make a prediction
We can put another cell.
b. How will you stay safe and not blow the lamps when you test your idea?
Make sure to put 1.5 V cells because using higher voltage batteries may blow the lamps.
c. Make a series circuit with one cell to light a lamp

Predict what will happen if you add more lamps to the circuit. Explain your ideas

More lamps are put in the circuit, the lamps become dimmer

Copy and complete this table to record your results

Number of lamps What happens in the circuit

1 Lamp is bright
2 Lamps are not very bright
3 Lamps are dim

1. What did you find out about adding lamps to a circuit with only one cell?

Lamps become dim

2. Describe the pattern for adding more lamps to a series circuit.

The more lamps you add to the circuit with only one cell, the dimmer the lamps become.

17.Lena has this equipment

 a. Tick three boxes to show which questions Lena could investigate using only the
equipment shown above
- Do different cells affect the brightness of a bulb?
- How many bulbs can be lit by one cell?
- Does the number of cells affect the brightness of a bulb?
b. Draw FOUR lines to match the electrical components to their symbols.

c. Lena collected these wires.

The wires are made of different metals.

Lena says, “I want to know if the wires made of different metals will change the
brightness of the bulb in the circuit.
What must Lena do to the wires to make her test fair?
Keep the same length of the wire and fasten them in the right place in the circuit.
d. Lena makes her test fair
Tick TWO boxes to show the two pieces of evidence Lena should collect for her
results.

How bright the bulb is What metals the wires are made of
 Unit 9 (Volcanoes and Earthquakes)

1. Look at the diagram below. Carry out research to find out the main features of a volcano.
Draw your own volcano and label it
Use these words
Magma lava ash crater vent
A. Vent b. crater c. ash D. crater E. vent F. Lava G. Magma

Answer these questions:

a. Where does the molten rock come from?

The magma chamber in the mantle

b. Why is the volcano a cone shape?

The molten rock (lava) flows down the sides and cools

c. What are the layers in the cone shape?

Layers of ash and cooled lava (rock)

2. Are these sentences true or false?

a. Volcanoes are found in oceans false
b. Earthquakes make mountains false
c. The Earth layer that we live on is called the core false
d. The plates on the Earth are still false
e. Earthquakes happen when the plates stop and start moving suddenly. true
f. The further towards the centre of the Earth you travel, the hotter it gets true
g. All volcanoes are active false
h. volcanoes are cone- shaped. true
3. Elok made this model of the Earth. How could you improve Elok’s model? Has she
labelled it correctly? What is incorrect?
 Unit 10 (Earth in Space)

1.Safia , Mia and Mike make a model of part of the solar system.

This is the model they make

Safia holds the hoop A
Mia moves the small ball B around the hoop A
Mike stands still in the middle holding the large ball C
Complete the sentences. Choose from the words
Axis Earth Moon orbit Sun

Hoop A is a model of the orbit

Ball B is a model of the Earth

Ball C is a model of the Sun

2. The Earth spins on its axis

a. How many times does the Earth spin on its axis in 24 days?
Circle the correct answer

24
b. What do the arrows on the diagram show?
Direction the Earth spins or rotates or turns or moves
3. Mia has ten boxes. Each box has a fact about the Earth
Only four of the boxes have true facts.
One box with a true fact has been ticked for you.
Put a tick (√) in the boxes of the other three true facts
 4. An astronaut is on the Moon
She looks at the Earth.

Why can the astronaut see the Earth from the Moon?
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Complete the sentences
Light comes from the Sun
This light hits the Earth and is reflected
The light reaches the astronaut on the Moon
The astronaut sees the Earth because the light enters her eyes
5. Jamila learns about the Earth and the Sun
She draws a picture
a. Describe what the picture shows about the Earth and the Sun
Any two from
Sun in different positions at different times of the day
Sun moves from East to west/ Sun moves from right to left
Sun is highest at midday
Sun rises in the morning / the Sun rises in the East
Sun sets or Sun goes down in the evening/ the Sun sets or Sun goes down in the West
The Earth is rotating or spinning or turning or revolves on its axis.
b. Jamila says the Sun is not moving
The Sun appears to move
Explain why the Sun appears to move
The Earth rotates/ the Earth spins / the Earth turns/ the Earth revolves on its axis
6. Class 4 have a quiz about the Earth
Write down the answers to the questions
1. Orbit
2. 365 days
3. Rotation /spinning / turning / revolution /revolving
7. Chen finds information about different planets

He writes down the time it takes for each planet to spin once.

a. Which planet takes the least number of hours to spin once?

Planet B
b. One of the planets is Earth
Which planet is Earth?
Circle the correct answer
A
c. How many planets take longer to spin once than planet C?
 Circle the correct answer

d. Look at the picture of the Earth.

Part of the Earth is labelled X

Part of the Earth is labelled Y

Describe what it is like at part X and Y

At X it is light /day time / morning / afternoon

At Y it is dark /night time / mid night / evening

8. Chen draws a picture of the Earth and rays of Sunlight

He writes the letters W, X, Y and Z on the Earth.

a. Which letters show the places on Earth where it is day and where it is night?
Put the letters in the table

b. Chen draws a diagram to show the position of the Sun and the Earth.

Draw the position of the Earth six months later

9. Ahmed and Rajiv use the internet to find information about planets.

a. Which planet takes the longest time to orbit the Sun?

Circle the correct answer
Jupiter
b. Which planet has the shortest year?

Circle the correct answer

Mercury
c. The larger the orbit around the Sun the more days it takes to move around the Sun.
Which two planets have a smaller orbit than the Earth?
Circle the correct answers
Mercury Venus