Important Things in Class

Pencil
Paper

Book

Calculator
1/13/2024
1/13/2024 1
 Mid Exam 20 Marks
Assignments+ Class performance 15 Marks

Practical 25 Marks

Final Exam 40 Marks

Total 100 Marks

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 2
 The Application of Physics in Medicine
Medical physics

Diagnostic radiology Nuclear Medicines

X-rays
Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)
Ultrasound

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 3
 System International
(S.I.)

PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENTS S.I.

Dimensions Units
Physical Quantities
Length [L] Meter (m)

Basic
Quantities Mass [M] Kilogram (Kg)

Time [T] Second (S)

Derived Quantities 1. Area

2. Volume
3. Density
4. Velocity
5. …
1/13/2024
1/13/2024 4
 Area
L×L = Dimension L2 and Unit is m2

L
Volume L
L×L×L = Dimension L3 and Unit is m3
L

Density
Mass Mass M é Kg -3
3 = Kgm
-3
ù
Volume L 3 ë ML û
= = and unit
Volume m

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 5
1/13/2024
1/13/2024 6
 Exercise 1-1. (Page 3) Write the Dimensional Units of following Quantities
Mass = M
Time = T Area [ L2 ]
Length = L Volume [ L3 ]

M -3
Density =
Mass = 3 = é ML ù 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑀𝐿2 𝑇 −2
Volume L ë û 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
=
𝑇
= 𝑴𝑳𝟐 𝑻−𝟑

Displacement = L

Displacement L é -1 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑀𝐿𝑇 −2

Velocity = = = ë LT ùû 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = = = 𝑴𝑳−𝟏 𝑻−𝟐
Time T 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝐿2

L é -2
ù
Force = Mass ´ Acceleration = M = ë MLT û
T
2

2
1 æ L ö -2
Energy = mv = M ç = ML T ù
é
2
2
÷ ë û
2 èT ø

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 7
 Distance and Displacement
from A to B

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 8
 How to Writing a Vector ??? ®

A= A or A
Magnitude

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 9
Properties of Vectors 
A
• Equality of Two Vectors 
B
• Two vectors are equal if they have the
same magnitude and the same direction

❑ Negative Vectors
◼ Two vectors are negative if they have the same magnitude
but are 180° apart (opposite directions)

( )
A = −B; A + −A = 0
 Unit Vector A unit vector is a vector of magnitude 1. It indicates the direction of a vector.

® Ù

1z
Ù A = Ax x A x
= 1,2, 3,...
® Ù

1 cm
A = Ay y A y
= 1,2, 3,...

Ù
®
A = Az z
Ù
A z
= 1,2,3,...
1 cm 1 cm
1y
Ù
1x

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 11
 y
® Ù

A= 5x
®

-x
A=5 x

® Ù -y

B= 2y ®

B=2
1/13/2024
1/13/2024 x 12
 Vector Components

A
Ay
θ
x
Ax

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 13
 Pythagorean Theorem

From the figure, pythagorean theorem

equation is
(Hypotenuse)2= (Opposite)2+ (Adjacent)2

Hypotenuse = √(Opposite)2+ (Adjacent)2

θ θ θ

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 14
 Vector Components
Hypotenuse = √(Opposite)2+ (Adjacent)2
y
®

A= A + Ay
2 2
x
®

A A = ACosq
x
Ay
θ
A = ASinq y
x
Ax
q = tan A -1 y

A x

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 15
 Cartesian Coordinate System

-x

-y

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 16
 Quadrant System

Quadrant-II Quadrant-I

-x, +y +x, +y

-x x

Quadrant-III Quadrant-IV
+x, -y
-x, -y

-y

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 17
 A positive value of θ will be taken as counterclockwise
A negative value of θ will be taken as clockwise

θ = -55° θ = 55
Direction
-x +x

-y

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 18
 Example 1-2. (Page 3) Find magnitude and direction of vector A?
® Ù
A = Ax x ®
q =?
®
A = Ay y
Ù A =?
® Ù ® Ù Ù

A = 3x+ 4 y
A = Az z
y
?o

A = 3 and A
x y
= 4 -x
θ x
®

A = A +A
2 2
x y
-y
= 3 +4 = 25 = 5
2 2

q = tan
A -1 y
= tan 4 = tan
-1 -1 o
1.333 = 53.1
1/13/2024
A x 3
1/13/2024 21
 Quadrant System
ϕ = tan-1 = 4 𝜭 = tan-1 y 4
-3 x
=
3
y
-x, +y Q-II
Q-I
+x, +y

‫الزاوية المرجعية‬
Phi

ϕ = -53.13 θ =53.1 o
-x x
ϕ = tan-1 = -4
-3
ϕ = 53.13
ϕ = -53.13

Q-IV
-x, -y Q-III
ϕ = tan-1 = -4
-y 3 +x, -y

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 1/13/2024 22
 y
Direction if -x and y
θ = 126.87
ϕ = -53.13
Ay
ϕ = tan -1 -x
x
Ax
4
ϕ = tan -1 -3 -y

ϕ = tan-1 -1.333 ϕ 180o

ϕ = -53.13o in Q2
Direction

Direction -> θ = 180o-53.13o = 126.87o

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 23
 Direction if -x and -y
y
Ay
ϕ = tan -1 θ = 233.13o
Ax
x
-4 -x
ϕ = tan -1 -3 𝜭 = 53.13

-y
ϕ = tan -1 1.333
ϕ = 53.13
Direction-> θ = 180o+53.13o = 233.13o

1/13/2024
1/13/2024
 Direction if x and -y
y
Ay
ϕ = tan -1 θ = 306.87o
Ax
x
-4 -x
ϕ = tan -1
3
ϕ = -53.13

-y
ϕ = tan -1 -1.333

ϕ = -53.13
Direction -> θ = 360o-53.13o = 306.87o

1/13/2024
1/13/2024
26
 Exercise 1-3. (Page 3) Find the Magnitude and Direction of vectors? y
θ = 146.31o
® Ù Ù

A = -3x+ 2 y ϕ = -33.69
x
-x
A x
= -3 and A y
=2
®
-y
A = A +A
2 2
x y
Ay
® ϕ= tan-1
Ax
A = -3 + 2
2 2

2
® ϕ = tan-1 -3
A= 13
®
ϕ = tan -1 -0.666

A = 3.60 Magnitude ϕ = -33.69o in Q2

1/13/2024
1/13/2024 Direction -> θ = 180oDirection
-33.69o = 146.31o 27
 y
Exercise 1-3. (Page 3)
® Ù Ù θ = 303.7 o

B = 2 x- 3y -x
x
ϕ = -56.31
B x = 2 and B y = -3
® -y
B = B +B
2 2
By
x y
ϕ= tan-1
Bx
®

B = 2 + -3
2 2
-3
ϕ = tan-1
2
®

B= 13 ϕ = tan-1 -1.50
® ϕ = -56.31 in Q4
B = 3.60 Magnitude
1/13/2024 Direction -> 𝜭 = 360o-56.31o = 303.69o 28
 Exercise 1-3. (Page 3) y
® Ù Ù θ = 236.3o

C = -2 x- 3y x
-x
C x
= -2 and C y = -3 ϕ = 56.31

®
-y
C = C +C
2 2
Cy
x y
ϕ = tan -1
Cx
®

C = -2 + -3
2 2
-3
ϕ = tan-1 -2
®

C= 13 ϕ = tan-1 1.50
® ϕ = 56.31o in Q3
C =Magnitude
3.60
Direction -> 𝜭 = 180o+56.31o = 236.3o
1/13/2024
1/13/2024 29