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12 views

Lipids+ +S10+ +PDF+

Uploaded by

9jgq6spb4r
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lipids

4 T H Q UA R T E R
S C I E N C E 10
A. B.

Identify the
Define lipids composition of
lipids
Objectives
Enumerate the
functions of lipids
C.
Lipids
❖ Lipids are molecules that contain hydrocarbons and make up the building blocks of the
structure and function of living cells. Examples of lipids include fats, oils, waxes, certain
vitamins (such as A, D, E and K)

❖ Divided into two major classes, saponifiable and non-saponifiable lipids, based on their
reactivity with strong bases. Saponifiable lipids contain long chain carboxylic (of fatty) acids,
that are linked to an alcoholic functional group through an ester linkage. These fatty acids
are released on based catalyzed ester hydrolysis. The non-saponifiable classes include the
"fat-soluble" vitamins (A, E) and cholesterol.
Lipids
❖ They naturally occur in most plants, animals, microorganisms
and are used as cell membrane components, energy storage
molecules, insulation, and hormones.
Properties of Lipids
• Lipids may be either liquids or non-crystalline solids at room temperature.

• Pure fats and oils are colorless, odorless, and tasteless.

• They are energy-rich organic molecules

• Insoluble in water

• No ionic charges

• Solid triglycerols (Fats) have high proportions of saturated fatty acids.

• Liquid triglycerols (Oils) have high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids.


Structure of Lipids
• Lipids are made of the elements Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen,
but have a much lower proportion of water than other molecules
such as carbohydrates.
• Unlike polysaccharides and proteins, lipids are not polymers—
they lack a repeating monomeric unit.
• They are made from two molecules: Glycerol and Fatty Acids.
Structure of Lipids
• A glycerol molecule is made up of three carbon atoms with a hydroxyl group
attached to it and hydrogen atoms occupying the remaining positions.
• Fatty acids consist of an acid group at one end of the molecule and a
hydrocarbon chain, which is usually denoted by the letter ‘R’.
• They may be saturated or unsaturated.
• A fatty acid is saturated if every possible bond is made with a Hydrogen atom,
such that there exist no C=C bonds.
• Unsaturated fatty acids, on the other hand, do contain C=C bonds.
Monounsaturated fatty acids have one C=C bond, and polyunsaturated have
more than one C=C bond.
Triglycerides are lipids consisting of one glycerol molecule
bonded with three fatty acid molecules. The bonds between the
molecules are covalent and are called Ester bonds.
Classification (Types) of Lipids
Phospholipids
Functions
It is established that lipids play extremely important roles in the normal functions of a cell. Not only
do lipids serve as highly reduced storage forms of energy, but they also play an intimate role in the
structure of cell membrane and organellar membranes. Lipids perform many functions, such as:

❖ Making Biological Membranes

❖ Insulation

❖ Protection – e.g. protecting plant leaves from drying up

❖ Act as the structural component of the body and provide the hydrophobic barrier that permits
partitioning of the aqueous contents of the cell and subcellular structures.
Insulation
Protecting plant leaves from
drying up
Functions
It is established that lipids play extremely important roles in the normal functions of a cell. Not only
do lipids serve as highly reduced storage forms of energy, but they also play an intimate role in the
structure of cell membrane and organellar membranes. Lipids perform many functions, such as:

❖ Making Biological Membranes

❖ Insulation

❖ Protection – e.g. protecting plant leaves from drying up

❖ Act as the structural component of the body and provide the hydrophobic barrier that permits
partitioning of the aqueous contents of the cell and subcellular structures.

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