MODULE WEEK NO.

3
INITAO College
University Logo Jampason, Initao, Misamis Oriental

College of Criminology
FP1: Values Development
1st Semester of A.Y. 2022-2023
Introduction

This module will discuss Personal values and its development. Personal Values are “broad
desirable goals that motivate people's actions and serve as guiding principles in their lives".
Everyone has values, but each person has a different value set. These differences are affected
by an individual's culture, personal upbringing, life experiences, and a range of other influences.
COURSE MODULE

Rationale

The personal development is closely interconnected with the social values. It is impossible to live in the ill
society with spoiled understanding of the values and to be highly moral persona, as it is the society, which
influences people’s understanding of the level of the moral education and the level to be reached. The versa
variant is possible, when some people do not want to reach the level of the moral and ethical development of
the society and the problem of the ill personalities in the health society appears. The soul of every person is
the organism, which may be either health or ill, depending on the treatment it obtains and the actions the
person takes up (Yancy, 2002).

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module, students are expected to:

A. Recognize the role of different social institutions to the development
of one's personal values;
B. Likewise, students are also expected to recognize the different personal values and their
respective roles in one's life;
C. Moreover, students are made to appreciate the importance of said personal values and their
respected roles in the task of nation building

Activity

1. Interactive and thorough discussions on the topic.

2. Exercises to enhance the learning of the students.
3. At home Activity that will practice the knowledge that the students acquired through concept mapping.

Discussion

Values Development

Values are deeply held beliefs that path our daily decisions. They are found within
1
 MODULE WEEK NO.3
the subconscious and are tightly woven into the fabric of everyday life. We make decisions and choose our
behaviors, close friends, professional employment, and entertainment based on our values. We follow this
code to live our lives and we raise our children with these values hoping that they will follow in our
footsteps. “Your personal codes of values are what are important to you; not something you want or would
like to have, but something you literally need in your life to be happy. A value is a principle or quality
intrinsically valuable or desirable to you. Values are personal. They are your convictions, your beliefs, and
your ethics rolled into one. Your personal code of values may be identical to your family’s values. Or they
may be dramatically different.” (Lopper, 2007).

Love and Care

The foundation of personal values is love and care especially at the childhood stage of every person.
The reason is that the early experience of man determines his first impression of what life is all about and this
may serve his outlook towards anything or anyone. Thus, a person who experienced violence during
childhood instead of love and care becomes violent during manhood and most likely turned to be criminal
and the problem of the society.

On the other hand, anyone who was showered with love and care since childhood acquired positive
COURSE MODULE

outlooks in life has self-esteem and most of all becomes productive member of the society.

The scientific basis of this behavioral pattern is due to the fact that attitude is acquired in terms of
man's experience with his environment. Hence, the love and care or violence as a matter of an experience
with his environment has been imbued unto his mind that constitutes his values which guides him in dealing
with his environment or as a way of life in relation to his fellowmen.

Family as the First Training Ground

Every home that constitutes a family serves as the first training ground for everyone. Indeed, it
becomes even the determining factor in one's attitude or behavior acquisition. This is so because the first
encounter of everyone with his environment at the time when he starts to be aware of it is the home that his
awareness identifies as his own family.

In the process of man's interactions with his family, he acquires values which are perfectly similar
to that which being practiced and exercised by people at home. This explains why members of the family are
said to be very influential upon everyone.

Family Solidarity

Family solidarity plays a very important factor in every one's values formations. The reason is that an
emotional development of a person affects also his psychological development. Thus, the values formations
of a child whose parents are separated especially at the time of his formative age is definitely negative
compare to one of the same age whose parents are showing love and care to one another as witnessed by the
child. This may be true also with other members of the family. For instance; where parents, brothers and
sisters are quarreling with one another; the child also most likely becomes quarrelsome compared to one
whose family members love one another.

Family Values and its Role on Personal Values Development

The role of family values to the development of the personal values of every member thereof is
indispensable. Indeed, it is even the determining factor of such individual or personal value. The reason is
2
 MODULE WEEK NO.3
that family values are but the collective values of all the members thereof, and secondly, the same constitutes
as the first encounter of every member and thereby acquired by him in the process. Thus, the family values in
almost all cases are even almost identical to that of every member of a given family. For instance, if the
parents are criminal, then most likely, the children living with them will also be criminals.

Therefore, it is also a must in the development of personal values that family values must be an integral part
of the values education. Indeed, the same will become futile without at the same time undertaking also family
values education

The Role of School Values to the Development of Personal Values

The school as an institution is the first formal training ground. Every person as a student acquired as
parts of his personal values everything that he learns consciously. It has a wider perspective compared to the
family since the school becomes a pooling place of different family values as carried over by each student
who serves as the family representative in the school.

Moreover, the subject introduced by the school curricula as part of the learning process somehow also
contributed to the personality of every student being their first encounter to the outside world other than their
respective families. Likewise, the subject concern being parts of the curriculum constitutes the various
COURSE MODULE

disciplines that serve as a "show-window" of the society as a whole. Although, the same is introduced
gradually in terms of gradual grade level from Kindergarten to Elementary, High School and all the way to
college.

The relevance then of school values to the development of personal values is quite important in that
the former determines the latter to a great extent considering the time spent by every person in the school
from elementary to college and considering further that such time is the formative years of every person
concerned.

Hence, it is very important that the school values constitute the values that we really need to learn in
order to achieve the ultimate purpose of establishing just and humane society.
The Role of Religious Values to the Development of Personal Values

Religious values determine man's behavior in relation to his belief about God relative to the religion
he professed. In all respects, his actions toward anything or anyone is largely determined by the religious
doctrines which he believes he ought to follow as dictated by the religious teachings of the church to which
he belongs. In almost all cases, a person does not have the free choice of what church to join because it is
predetermined by the family religion although in some cases there are people also who break away from his
family but the same is rare and usually comes at the later stage when the person concerned is somewhat
detached from the family customs and traditions brought about by a long disassociation from his family.

However, among all values which are made available for the given individual, religious values are
more intense and least violated due to the fact that religious teachings is designed for spiritual aspect of man
which is considered lasting and forever compare to something physical which is earthly and therefore
temporal.

The Role of Economic Values to the Development of Personal Values

The economic values are likewise important in the sense that they determine on how man acts in
relation to his material needs such as foods, shelter and other basic needs of his life upon which his physical
comforts depend.

The more man is deprived by such basic needs in terms of their unavailability to him, the more his
need for the same has become intense so that the temptation to acquire the same has become more urgent.
3
 MODULE WEEK NO.3
Hence, usually, those lack of spiritual values or whose foundation of the same is weak, are tempted to
commit crimes against properties such as theft, robbery, hold-up or estafa.

Economic values also determine man's attitude toward his fellowmen as to whether he is selfish or
philanthropist, whether he is spiritually or materially motivated and ultimately whether he is a corrupt public
officer or one who is a true and dedicated public servant.

The Role of Social Values to the Development of the Personal Values

Social values constitute the man's outlook on a given society to which he belongs. Usually, the same
are acquired by the person concerned through his close and constant association with people who are socially
conscious of what is going on within the society in relation to the political ideologies they uphold as the basic
principles of life and therefore their yardsticks of judging what is right or wrong in relation to what is going
on as the order of the day.
Simply put, this serves as the ideal order of things as they believe they ought to be based on their
ideological foundation.
For those who are deeply involved with it, the same becomes their political ambition in terms of
system of governance for what they believed the governed must be entitled to as a matter of right. Hence, in a
COURSE MODULE

democratic country, this becomes an inducement for the exercise of political rights.
The Role of Political Values in the Development of Personal Values

The political values are directly related to one's personal values Indeed, the degree of one's
participation in any political exercise in terms of whatever involvement relative thereto is proportionately
related to his personal values. This is so because any person who is not politically motivated does not care of
whatever political development going on in the society he belongs.

Hence, the political agent must create such political environment that is conducive for positive
political participation that is directly related to the development of personal values.

Moral Renewal

In recognition of the need to install positive values as above stated then President Fidel V. Ramos
issued Presidential Proclamation No. 62 on September 30, 1992 stating as follows:

 Presidential Proclamation No. 62, September 30, 1992

Whereas there is a need for moral renewal in order to eradicate the social ills that have
plagued us for the past several decades, such as graft and corruption, patronage politics, apathy, passivity,
mendicancy and lack of patriotism..

Whereas, Art. XIV, Section 3 (2) of the Constitution provides that all educational
institutions shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights,
appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country: teach the rights and
duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline,
encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote
vocational efficiency.

Whereas the Senate Task Force, after a comprehensive study, has established the need to
develop in Filipino - (1) a sense of patriotism and national pride, or pagmamalaki sa bansa a genuine love,
appreciation and commitment to the Philippines and things Filipino; (2) a sense of the common good or
"kakayahang magmalasakit" - the ability to look beyond selfish interest, a sense of community living, a sense
4
 MODULE WEEK NO.3
of justice and a sense of outrage at its violation; (3) a sense of integrity and accountability or " Katapatan at
pananagutan" - an aversion towards a graft and corruption in society and an avoidance of the practice in one's
daily, life; (4) the value and habits of discipline, hard work or "pagsisikap", self-dignity and self-reliance; and
(5) the value and habits of self reflection and analysis or "pagpapahalaga at pagsusuri sa sarili", the
internalization of spiritual values, the emphasis on essence rather than form.

Thereby, enjoining Filipinos of all ages and from all sectors of our society to actively
participate in the national campaign for moral recovery.

The Moral Recovery Program will primarily aim at inculcating the following virtues for national
development: self-reliance, good manners and right conduct; pride in being Filipino, caring and sharing,
integrity and accountability, which shall also cover the values and habits of courtesy, discipline and respect
for authority and institutions, people improvement and self-reflection and analysis (Sec. 1 Pres. Proc. No.
62).

Sick Society
COURSE MODULE

The issuance of the said Presidential Proclamation was in consonance with the Senator Leticia
Shahani's observation to wit:

"Ours is a sick nation gravely afflicted with interlocking diseases of poverty, passivity, graft and corruption,
exploitative patronage, factionalism political instability, love for intrigue, lack of discipline, lack of patriotism and the
desire for instant self-gratification. A cancerous growth is affecting the vital organs of our society to the extent that we
seem to be in a state of paralysis: the patient is not responding to the problems confronting it. The time call for an
analysis of our social cancer...

The sickness afflicting this country..... is moral in nature... Af the bottom of our economic problems and
political instability is the weakness and corruption of the moral foundation of our society. We do need an economic
recovery program. We also urgently need a moral, intellectual and spiritual recovery program (Privilege Speech
delivered on 18 Sept. 1987).

Senate report on Moral Recovery submitted on May 9, 1988 in consonance with Senate resolution No.
10 dated September 18, 1987 enjoining inquiry into the strength and weakness of the characters of the
Filipinos for the purpose of moral recovery, submitted its findings as follows:
 Strengths of the Filipino Character
1. Pakikipagkapwa tao - the characteristic of being one with others in all respects. This is
commonly manifested by friendship, unity, sympathy hospitality and gratitude.
2. Family Orientation - brought by close family ties which is even extended beyond immediate
family members.
3. Joy and humor - cheerful and fun loving approach to life.
4. Flexibility, adaptability and creativity - capability to adopt and adjust and be creative.
5. Hard work and industry - the ability to do hard work condition.
6. Faith and religiosity - Filipino have deep faith in God.

 Weaknesses
1. Extreme personalism - Filipino are too emotional
2. Extreme family centeredness
3. Lack of discipline
5
 MODULE WEEK NO.3
4. Passivity and lack of initiative
5. Colonial mentality
6. "Kanya-kanya" Syndrome
7. Lack of self-analysis and self-reflection

RA 9163 Establishing the National Service Training program (NSTP) declares as a matter of policy
that:

"It is hereby the prime duty of the government to serve and protect its citizens. In turn, it shall be the
responsibility of all citizens to defend the security of the state and in fulfillment thereof, the government may
require each citizen to render personal, military or civil service."

Recognizing the youth's vital role in nation-building, the state shall promote civic consciousness
among the youth and shall develop their physical, oral, spiritual, intellectual and social well-being. It shall
inculcate in the youth patriotism, nationalism, and advance their involvement in public and civic affairs.

In pursuit of these goals, the youth, the most valuable resources of the nation, shall be motivated,
trained, organized and mobilized in military training, literacy, civic welfare and other similar endeavors in the
service of the nation (Sec. 2 RA, 9163).
COURSE MODULE

Nature of Values

Values are ideals that give significance to our lives, that are reflected through the priorities we choose
and that we act on consistently and repeatedly. Philosophers have seen values as guides to excellence in
thinking and action. Following this views, values, therefore, are standards which we strive to achieve. They
are practical habits which enable individuals to live, be successful and achieve happiness (p.21 Modules in
NSTP Bucao etc 2008 ed.).

Values being the principle to guide one's standard behavior must be such that serve as tools to achieve
one's objective either individually or collectively. It must be effective as to constitute the meaning and the
very purpose of his life that ought to be his habit and ultimately his way of life.

Collectively, values are manifested as the norms of society. Therefore, those norms must be the result
of the collective values that each member of the society live up to as desirable or ethical and translated into
actions in terms of the collective behavior of a given society.

In that sense and to such extent, people must be selective with the values they must live up to, the
same being a determining factor in shaping their kind of lives. Thus, as we ought to follow the laws,
therefore, we need to know the law as a matter of values that we have to live up to.

Thereby, the distinctive feature of this work as a textbook on Values Education is its unique
characteristics of being legalistic with its philosophical application.

Filipino Cultural Values

Values do not belong exclusively to Filipinos. But certain universal values find different meaning and
application within the experiential and historical circumstances of the Filipino. What we call Filipino values
are those we derive from our culture or way of life, from "our distinctive way of becoming human in this
particular place and time" (Villiano Gorospe Filipino Values Revisited, cited p. 69 Ethics and Filipino R.
6
 MODULE WEEK NO.3
Agapay 1991 ed.).

Universal Values

But since we are living in an era of globalization, the Filipino youth as a member of the world
community must not be oriented only with beautiful Filipino values but also with universal values that will
make his/ her adjustment to and understanding of the world better and broader. Thus, universal values such as
love, respect, responsibility, strong family relation, truth, beauty, goodness and religiosity must be strongly
inculcated in the youth for them to become real citizens of the world who feel, think and work not only for
themselves but more for the sake of others (p. 18 Modules in NSTP by Bucao, etc. 2008 ed.).

Search for meaning

Value is intimately related to the search for meaning in human life. For we say that life is meaningful
when a man has found something capable of arousing his commitment to it: something deserving of his best
efforts something worth living for and if need be, worth dying for. It has been said that values are the goals of
man's striving, having as their purpose to render human existence meaningful and to achieve the complete
fulfillment of man's personality as individual and as a community. Values enable man to change. establish
self-control and self-direction (Tomas Andres: Understanding Values cited p. 65 Ethics and the Filipino
COURSE MODULE

Agapay, 1991 ed.) to this effect Graham said:

"I knew I had to get out of my comfort zone to understand the world that my children will inherit -a world that
will not provide them safety in the streets unless I tried to make a difference for the poor to live a more dignified life"
(p.7 The Genius of the Poor by Graham, 2014 ed.).

Christian Values

On the other hand, Christian advocates emphasize on the following values to with:

1. Compassion and care for others

2. Justice for all
3. Equality and inclusiveness
4. Faithful stewardship
5. Right use of power
6. Responsibility and obligation
7. Spiritual Foundation (p.23 Modules in NSTP by Bucao, etc. 2008 ed.)

Respect for Life

A global ethic declaration to this effect is quite relevant to wit:

"Young people must learn at home and in school that violence may not be a means
of settling differences with others. Only thus can a culture of non-violence be created.

A human person is infinitely precious and must be unconditionally protected But likewise the lives of
animals and plants which inhabit this planet with us deserve protection, preservation and care. Limitless exploitation of
the natural foundations of life, ruthless destruction of the biosphere and militarization of the cosmos are all outrages. As
human beings we have a special responsibility-especially with a view to future generations-for Earth and the cosmos,
for the air, water and soil. We are all intertwined together in this cosmos and we are all dependent on each other. Each
one of us depends on the welfare of all. Therefore the dominance of humanity over nature and the cosmos must not be
7
 MODULE WEEK NO.3
encouraged. Instead we must cultivate living in harmony with nature and the cosmos

To be authentically human in the spirit of our great religious and ethical traditions means that in public as
well as in private life we must be concerned for others and ready to help. We must never be ruthless and brutal. Every
people, every race, every religion mot show tolerance and respect-indeed high appreciation-for every other. Minorities
need special protection and support, whether they be racial, ethics or religious" (1993 Parliament of the World's
Religion, Chicago Illinois, August 28, 1993 Declaration of Global Ethic)

Exercise
Apply Your Knowledge (Review Questions)

I. Explain the following:

1. Personal Values -

2. Social Values -

3. Economic Values -
COURSE MODULE

4. Family Values -

5. Political Values -

II. Write T if the statement is True and F if the statement is False:

______1. Values reflect one's personality.

______2. Culture is reflective of social values.
______3. Family determines to a great extent one's values in life.
______4. School is the formal training ground for character building.
______5. Love and care is the foundation of one's personal values.
______6. Economic values have something to do with one's material needs
______7. Religious values are more intense and least violated.
______8. Political values are directly related to one's personal values since man's out
looks in life influence to a great extent his political decisions.
______9. If we want to introduce new values for the Filipinos then, they must be
incorporated in the school curriculum with emphasis.
______10. Values formation is mind setting towards the kind of life we want to have.

Assessment
Answer briefly:

1. How does the school contribute to our endeavor for values formation?

2. Among the social institutions which do you think will have the impact upon values
formation? Why?

3. Can people live without values? Why?

4. Why families of criminal most likely produce a criminal member thereof?

5. What is the significance of values education as part of the college curriculum?

8
 MODULE WEEK NO.3

Note: all assessment should be turn-in on or before 5:00 pm

Reflection
Now that you have completed your module for this week. Write a reflection about what you have learned.
Your reflections should include:
(1) your opinion about the lesson
(2) personal experience
(3) evidence to back up your thoughts and/or opinion (APA citation).
Things you can reflect on include the readings for this week, videos, and the discussions. The purpose of this
reflection is to ensure you are processing your thoughts on the course content. This will enhance your
learning and knowledge.
Resources and Additional Resources

Textbook:
•
Additional Resources:
COURSE MODULE

 Rodolfa, Aquino, Dellova, Tiongco (2018). Leadership & Personality Development for Tourism
and Hospitality Professionals. Mindshapers Co., Inc.
 Labuguen, F.C., Ramos, A.I., Placer, R.B., Vidal, C.J.E., Moralde, R.P.E., & Rendorio, E.V.
(2012). Understanding the National Service Training Program. Malabon City, Philippines: Mutya
Publishing House.

 Internet Sources