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Waves Workbook

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

7 views38 pages

Waves Workbook

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reyyanqasim7

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

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Module 4: Waves

Name:_______________________ Teaching Group:_

Question Mark Question Mark

1 21

2 22

3 23

4 24

5 25

6 26

7 27

8 28

9 29

10 30

11 31

12 32

13 33

14 34

15 35

16 36

17 37

18 38

19 39

20 40

Module 4: Waves

Name:_______________________ Teaching Group:_

John Hampden Grammar School 1

Question Mark Question Mark

1 12

2 13

3 14

4 15

5 16

6 17

7 18

8 19

9 20

10 21

The data, formulae and relationships relevant to each unit will be printed as an insert to the
examination paper.

Data
Values are given to three significant figures, except where more are useful.

speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s-2

Formula

v = fλ

λ = ax/D

nλ = dsinθ

John Hampden Grammar School 2

1. (i) Define the term plane-polarisation of visible light waves.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

(ii) Explain why sound waves cannot be plane-polarised.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

Fig. 1 shows a student observing a parallel beam of plane-polarised light that

has passed through a polarising filter.

eye

plane-polarised light polaroid

Fig. 1

(i) Fig. 2 shows how the intensity of the light reaching the student varies as
the polarising filter is rotated through 360o in its own plane.

intensity

0
0 90º 180º 270º 360º
angle of rotation

John Hampden Grammar School 3

Fig. 2

Suggest why there is a series of maxima and minima in the intensity.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

(ii) Hence explain how sunglasses using polarising filters reduce glare.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

2. (a) In an investigation of standing waves, a loudspeaker is positioned above a

long pipe containing water, causing sound waves to be sent down the
pipe. The waves are reflected by the water surface. The water level is
lowered until a standing wave is set up in the air in the pipe as shown in
Fig. 1. A loud note is heard. The water level is then lowered further until a
loud sound is again obtained from the air in the pipe. See Fig. 2.

John Hampden Grammar School 4

c c

pipe pipe

w ater w ater

Fig. 1 Fig. 2

The air at the open end of of the pipe is free to move and this means that
the antinode of the standing wave is actually a small distance c beyond
the open end. This distance is called the end correction.

A student writes down the following equations relating the two situations
shown.

l1 + c = λ/4 l2 + c = 3λ/4

(i) Draw the standing wave in the pipe shown in Fig. 2 which
corresponds to the equation l2 + c = 3λ/4.
[1]

(ii) On your diagram, label the positions of any displacement nodes and
antinodes with the letters N and A respectively.
[1]

(iii) Use the two equations to show that l1 – l2 = λ/2.

[1]

(iv) The following results were obtained in the experiment.

frequency of sound = 500Hz l1 = 0.170 m l2 = 0.506 m

John Hampden Grammar School 5

Calculate the speed of sound in the pipe.

speed = ………………..m s–1

[3]

(b) The student repeats the experiment, but sets the frequency of the sound
from the speaker at 5000 Hz.

Suggest and explain why these results are likely to give a far less accurate
value for the speed of sound than those obtained in the first experiment.

In your answer, you should make clear the sequence of steps in your
argument.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[4]

3. Explain what is meant by the principle of superposition of two waves.

...............................................................................................................................
...

...............................................................................................................................
...
[Total 2 marks]

John Hampden Grammar School 6

4. (a) In an experiment to try to produce an observable interference pattern, two
monochromatic light sources, S1 and S2, are placed in front of a screen,
as shown in the diagram below.

screen

y
P

S1
a O
S2

(i) In order to produce a clear interference pattern on the screen, the

light sources must be coherent. State what is meant by coherent.

..............................................................................................................
..

..............................................................................................................
..
[2]

(ii) In the diagram, the central point O is a point of maximum intensity.

Point P is the position of minimum intensity nearest to O. State, in
terms of the wavelength λ, the magnitude of the path difference S1P
and S2P.

..............................................................................................................
..
[1]

(iii) Calculate the slit separation a, given that the distance D to the
screen is
1.5 m, the distance between P and O is 4.0 mm and that the
wavelength λ is 6.4 × 10–7 m.

John Hampden Grammar School 7

a = ............................................................ m
[3]

(iv) Sketch on the axes of Fig. 2 the variation of the intensity of the light
on the screen with distance y from O.

intensity

0
–16 –14 –12 –10 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 y /m m

Fig. 2
[2]

5. Below is a displacement-time graph for a wave source.

displacem ent / cm

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0
tim e / m
0
0 1.00 2.00 3.00
-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

-4.0

-5.0

(a) Use the graph to determine for this wave source

(i) the amplitude

amplitude = …………………… cm
[1]

(ii) the displacement when t = 1.80 ms

John Hampden Grammar School 8
displacement = …………………… cm
[2]

(iii) the period

period = …………………… ms
[1]

(iv) the frequency.

frequency = ………….…Hz
[2]

(b) The speed of the waves produced by this wave source is 3.0  102 m s–1.
Calculate their wavelength.

wavelength = …………………… m

6. (i) State three phenomena that apply to all transverse and longitudinal
waves.

1. ..............................................................................................................
..

2. ..............................................................................................................
..

3. ..............................................................................................................
..
2]

(ii) State a wave phenomenon that applies to transverse waves only.

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

7. The figure below shows an arrangement that can be used to determine the
wavelength of microwaves.

m etal plate

D
T P

transm itter

Microwaves leave the transmitter and move in a direction TP which is at right

John Hampden Grammar School 9

angles to the metal plate. A standing (stationary) wave is formed between T and
P.

(i) State what is meant by a standing wave and explain how it is formed in
this case.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[3]

(ii) When a small microwave detector D is moved slowly from T towards P the
signal received changes from strong to weak to strong to weak etc. The
distance between the positions of neighbouring weak signals is 1.4 cm.

Calculate for these microwaves

1 the wavelength

wavelength = ………… cm
[1]

2 the frequency.

frequency = ………… Hz
[2]

(iii) Describe how you could test whether the microwaves leaving the
transmitter were plane polarised.

John Hampden Grammar School 10

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

8. This question gives a statement which can lead to misconceptions in physics.

The statement is correct.

A standing wave set up in air in a pipe is often illustrated by a diagram such as

the one below.

How can this be possible as sound is a longitudinal wave?

...............................................................................................................................
..

...............................................................................................................................
..
[2]

9. All electromagnetic radiation, as its name implies, has an electric field and a
magnetic field. These fields are always at right angles to one another and
oscillate in the transmitted wave. The waves at one instant are represented in
Fig. 1, which is drawn full size.

John Hampden Grammar School 11

electric
m agnetic field E
flux density
B

distance

Fig. 1

(a) What is the speed of travel of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?

speed = ................................................ m s –1
[1]

(b) (i) Measure the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in Fig. 1.

wavelength = ..................................................... m
[1]

(ii) Calculate the frequency of this wave and give its unit.

frequency = ............................... unit .................

[2]

(iii) What type of electromagnetic wave does this wavelength correspond

to in the electromagnetic spectrum?

type of electromagnetic wave .........................................................

[1]

(c) Waves of this type are used in radar systems where they are passed along
tubes called waveguides. One part of the system can be a double tube as
shown in Fig. 2, where the lengths of the wave paths in the tube are 18 cm
and 31 cm as shown. The wavelength of the radar waves in the waveguide
is 4.0 cm.

John Hampden Grammar School 12

31 cm

B C

18 cm

R
A D E

Fig. 2

(i) A wave R arriving at A can divide at A and reach C either by path

ABC or path ADC.
What is the length of each of these paths?

path length ABC = ................................................... cm

path length ADC = ................................................... cm

[1]

(ii) State the phase difference between the two waves arriving at C and
comment on the amplitude of the resultant wave.

..............................................................................................................
.

..............................................................................................................
.
[2]

C
B
receiver
31 cm
18 cm transm itter

A D T

to aerial out going E

signal

Fig. 3

(iii) Another wave T travelling from E in the opposite direction is shown in

Fig. 3. It reaches C by paths DABC or DC.

What is the path length of each of these paths?

path length DC = .................................................. cm

John Hampden Grammar School 13

path length DABC = ................................................... cm
[1]

(iv) Calculate the phase difference between these two waves arriving at
C and comment on the amplitude of the resultant wave at C.

..............................................................................................................
.

..............................................................................................................
.
[3]

(v) In practice in a radar system a powerful transmitter is placed at E

while a receiver of weak incoming signals is placed at C. Suggest
why this arrangement of waveguides is necessary.

..............................................................................................................
.

..............................................................................................................
.
[3]

10. A detector is moved in front of two identical coherent wave sources and detects
regions of constructive and destructive interference. Explain the terms

(i) coherence

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

(ii) path difference.

.......................................................................................................................
..

John Hampden Grammar School 14

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

11. The figure below shows two identical monochromatic light sources S1 and S2
placed in front of a screen. The sources emit light in phase with each other.

S1
S2

screen

(i) State, in terms of the path difference of the waves, the conditions
necessary to produce

1 constructive interference at point P on the screen

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

2 destructive interference at point Q on the screen.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

The light sources S1 and S2 are 0.50 mm apart. They each emit light of
wavelength 4.86  10–7 m. An interference pattern is produced on the
screen placed 2.00 m from the sources. Calculate the distance between
two neighbouring bright fringes on the screen.

John Hampden Grammar School 15

distance = ...................................................... m
[3]

(iii) Suggest how the appearance of the interference pattern would change if
coherent white light sources were used instead of the monochromatic
sources.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
.. [2]

12. A phenomenon associated with microwave ovens is the uneven heating of food.
An internet website gives the following explanation and the illustration shown in
the figure below.

‘Microwaves of a fixed frequency are emitted in all directions from a

source within the oven. The waves reflect off the metal walls so that the
microwave radiation reaching any particular point arrives both directly and
by reflection. The waves interfere and set up standing waves. This
produces the pattern of hot and cold zones observed in food heated in the
oven.’

hot zone

cold zone

(a) State how the reflected microwaves set up standing (stationary) waves in
the oven.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................

John Hampden Grammar School 16

..
[2]

(b) Mark on the figure the positions of two antinodes – label these as A.
[1]

wavelength = ...................................................... m
[3]

13. When waves from two coherent sources meet, they interfere. The principle of
superposition of waves helps to explain this interference.
State what is meant by

(i) coherent sources

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

(ii) principle of superposition of waves

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

14. The figure below shows an arrangement to demonstrate interference effects

with microwaves. A transmitter, producing microwaves of wavelength 3.0 cm, is
placed behind two slits 6.0 cm apart. A receiver is placed 50 cm in front of the
slits and is
used to detect the intensity of the resultant wave as it moves along the line AB.

John Hampden Grammar School 17

S1
6.0 cm
S 2 receiver
m icrow ave
transm itter

50 cm
B

(i) Explain, in terms of the path difference between the waves emerging
from the slits S1 and S2, why a series of interference maxima and minima
are produced along the line AB.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[3]

(ii) Assuming that the interference of the microwaves is similar to double slit
interference using light, calculate the distance between neighbouring
maxima along the line AB.

distance = ...................................... cm
[3]

(iii) The microwaves from the transmitter are plane polarised. State what this
means and suggest what would happen if the receiver were slowly rotated
through 90 while still facing the slits.

.......................................................................................................................
..

John Hampden Grammar School 18

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

15. The figure below shows a stretched wire held horizontally between supports
0.50m apart.

0.50m

When the wire is plucked at its centre, a standing wave is formed and the wire
vibrates in its fundamental mode (lowest frequency).

(a) Explain how the standing wave is formed.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

(b) On the figure above, draw the fundamental mode of vibration. Label the
position of any nodes with the letter N and any antinodes with the letter A.
[2]

(c) What is the wavelength of this standing wave?

wavelength = ........................................m
[1]

16. The figure below shows plane water waves in a ripple tank approaching a

John Hampden Grammar School 19

narrow gap the size of which is approximately the same as the wavelength of
the waves.

(i) On the figure, draw the pattern of the wavefronts emerging from the gap.
[2]

(ii) Describe how the pattern of wavefronts emerging from the gap would
change if the size of the gap were significantly increased.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

(iii) Describe and explain the difference in the amount of diffraction for sound
waves and light waves passing through an open door.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[3]

John Hampden Grammar School 20

17. State three main features common to all types of radiations in the
electromagnetic spectrum. Name three principal radiations in the
electromagnetic spectrum other than visible light. For one of these radiations,
give a useful application.

...............................................................................................................................
...

18. The table below shows part of a student’s revision notes about ‘Waves’. The
notes contain several errors of physics.

WAVES
1. Longitudinal waves are caused by vibrations perpendicular to the

John Hampden Grammar School 21

direction of the waves.
2. No waves can travel through a vacuum, there must be a medium to carry
them.
3. Waves carry the medium from one place to another.
4. Speed v is the distance travelled by the wave per unit time.
5. Frequency ƒ is the number of waves produced in unit time.
6. Wavelength λ is the distance from a crest to a trough.

Identify 4 incorrect statements of physics and state how each could be

corrected.

...............................................................................................................................
...

...............................................................................................................................
...
John Hampden Grammar School 22
...............................................................................................................................
...

...............................................................................................................................
...

19. Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement that you would use to
produce, on a screen, a double-slit interference pattern for light.

[1]

In order to see the interference pattern clearly in a darkened room, suggest

suitable values for

(i) the distance from the double-slit to the screen

distance = .........................................

(ii) the distance between the centres of the slits in the double-slit.

distance= .........................................
[2]

20. (a) The following figure shows the light and dark fringes in a typical double-slit
interference pattern. The diagram is drawn to full scale.

A O B

(i) By taking measurements directly from the figure, determine the fringe
separation x.

John Hampden Grammar School 23

x = ............................ mm
[2]

(ii) Fringe O is the bright fringe at the centre of the pattern, A is a bright
fringe and B is a dark fringe. For each of these fringes, state in terms
of the wavelength , the value of the path difference for light coming
from each slit.

fringe O path difference = ................................................................

fringe A path difference = ................................................................

fringe B path difference = ................................................................

[3]

(b) Use the formula for double-slit interference to explain how the fringe
separation would change if blue light were used instead of red light.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

21. The figure below shows, at a given instant, the surface of the water in a ripple
tank when plane water waves are travelling from left to right.

direction in w hich the w ave is travelling

P Q

1.8 cm
S
R

(a) Show on the figure

(i) the amplitude of the wave – label this A

(ii) the wavelength – label this .

[1]

(b) On the figure above

(i) draw the position of the wave a short time, about one-tenth of a

John Hampden Grammar School 24

period, later
[2]

(ii) draw arrows to show the directions in which the particles at Q and S
are moving during this short time.
[2]

phase difference = ............................... 

[1]

(d) The frequency of the wave is 25 Hz and the distance between P and Q is
1.8 cm. Calculate

(i) the period of the wave

period = ...............................s
[2]

(ii) the speed of the wave.

speed = ........................m s–1

[3]

(e) (i) Suggest how the speed of the waves in the ripple tank could be
changed.

..............................................................................................................
..

..............................................................................................................
..
[1]

(ii) The frequency of the wave source is kept constant and the wave
speed is halved. State what change occurs to the wavelength.

..............................................................................................................
..

..............................................................................................................
..
[2]

John Hampden Grammar School 25

22. State the term used to describe two wave sources that have a constant phase
difference.

...............................................................................................................................
...
[1]

23. Using suitable diagrams, state and explain what is meant by

 constructive interference
 destructive interference.

....................................................................................

....................................................................................
[4]

24. In this question, two marks are available for the quality of written
communication.

A beam of low-energy electrons, incident on an atomic crystal or lattice, enables

the spacing of the atoms to be determined. Explain the principles of such an
experiment and how the atomic spacing is found.
How does the energy of the electrons in the beam determine the size of the
particles that can be investigated?
A space has been left for you to draw suitable diagram(s), if you wish to
illustrate your answer.

John Hampden Grammar School 26

...............................................................................................................................
..

...............................................................................................................................
..
[5]

25. The electromagnetic spectrum covers a very wide range of wavelengths,

frequencies and photon energies.

(i) State the names and wavelengths for the shortest and longest
electromagnetic waves.

shortest: name ..................................

wavelength ......................................m

John Hampden Grammar School 27

longest: name ..................................
wavelength .......................................m
[4]

(ii) Calculate the ratio

longest wavelengt h
shortest wavelengt h

ratio = ...............................
[1]

(iii) Two notes in sound which are an octave apart have a wavelength ratio of
2. When the notes are three octaves apart, the wavelength ratio is 8 since
8 = 23. By how many octaves does your answer to (ii) correspond?

number of octaves ..............................

[2]

26. All electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in free space.
State this speed in m s–1.

...............................................................................................................................
...
[Total 1 mark]

27. The figure below shows a progressive longitudinal wave formed in a slinky
spring by an oscillator connected to a signal generator.

slinky spring
oscillator
to
signal
generator

John Hampden Grammar School 28

On the figure,

(a) (i) draw arrows to show the direction of the vibrations produced by the
oscillator – label these V
[1]

(ii) label with a C the centre of a compression on the slinky

[1]

(iii) show the wavelength of the wave and label this .

[1]

(b) State and explain the effect on the wavelength of increasing the frequency
of the oscillator.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

28. The following figure shows an arrangement to demonstrate the interference of

light.
A double-slit, consisting of two very narrow slits very close together, is placed in
the path of a laser beam.

screen

S1
S2
laser

(a) Light spreads out as it passes through each slit. State the term used to
describe this.

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

John Hampden Grammar School 29

(b) The slits S1 and S2 can be regarded as coherent light sources. State what
is meant by coherent.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

(c) Light emerging from S1 and S2 produces an interference pattern consisting

of bright and dark lines on the screen. Explain in terms of the path
difference why bright and dark lines are formed on the screen.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[4]

(d) The wavelength of the laser light is 6.5  10–7 m and the separation
between S1 and S2 is 0.25 mm. Calculate the distance between
neighbouring dark lines on the screen when the screen is placed 1.5 m
from the double-slit.

distance = .............................. m
[3]

29. In standing waves, there are nodes and antinodes. Explain what is meant by

(i) a node

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

John Hampden Grammar School 30

(ii) an antinode.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

30. The figure below shows a long glass tube within which standing waves can be
set up.

tuning fork

long glass tube

air colum n

0.32 m

w ater

A vibrating tuning fork is placed above the glass tube and the length of the air
column is adjusted, by raising or lowering the tube in the water, until a loud
sound is heard.

(i) The standing wave formed in the air column is the fundamental (the lowest
frequency). Show on the figure the position of a node – label as N, and an
antinode – label as A.
[2]

(ii) When the fundamental wave is heard, the length of the air column is 0.32
m. Determine the wavelength of the standing wave formed.

wavelength = .............................. m
[1]

(iii) The speed of sound in air is 330 m s–1. Calculate the frequency of the
John Hampden Grammar School 31
tuning fork.

frequency = ............................Hz
[3]

31. Explain the physics of why X-rays do not seem to be diffracted by a narrow slit
of width about 0.1mm

...............................................................................................................................
..

...............................................................................................................................
..
[3]

32. Explain the physics of why it is not possible to polarise sound waves in air

...............................................................................................................................
..

John Hampden Grammar School 32

...............................................................................................................................
..
[2]

33. (i) State three phenomena that are associated with all waves.

1 ....................................................................................................................
..

2 ....................................................................................................................
..

3 ....................................................................................................................
..
[3]

(ii) State a phenomenon that is only associated with transverse waves.

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

34. The diagram below represents the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.).

1 cm

The time-base setting is 0.50 ms cm–1 and the voltage (y-gain) setting is 2.0 mV
cm–1.
A microphone connected to the c.r.o. detects a pure (sinusoidal) sound wave
note of frequency 500 Hz.

John Hampden Grammar School 33

(i) Calculate the period of the note.

period = ............................. s
[1]

(ii) The amplitude of the signal from the microphone produced by the note is
6.0 mV.

Draw on the diagram above the trace produced on the c.r.o. screen when
the microphone detects the sound wave. Draw at least two full cycles of
the wave on the diagram.
[3]

(iii) The speed of sound in air is 330 m s–1. Calculate the wavelength of the
sound received by the microphone.

wavelength = ............................ m
[2]

35. A standing sound wave can be produced in an air column by blowing across the
open end of a tube as shown in the diagram below.
air

0.36 m

The length of the tube is 0.36 m. The air column in the tube is sounding its
John Hampden Grammar School 34
lowest (fundamental) frequency note.

(i) Add arrowed lines to the dots in the diagram above to show the direction
of movement and relative amplitudes of the air at these positions.
[3]

(ii) Calculate the wavelength of the sound produced.

wavelength = ............................ m
[1]

(iii) The speed of sound in air is 330 m s–1. Determine the frequency of this
standing wave.

frequency = ........................... Hz
[2]

(iv) Determine the value of the lowest frequency of the note produced in a
tube of this length but open at both ends. Show your reasoning.

lowest frequency = ........................... Hz

[3]

36. (i) State what is meant by a progressive wave.

.......................................................................................................................
..

John Hampden Grammar School 35

.......................................................................................................................
..
[1]

(ii) Describe in terms of the motions involved, the essential difference

between longitudinal and transverse progressive waves.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

37. Mobile phones use electromagnetic radiation in the form of microwaves.

State a typical value for the wavelength of microwaves.

wavelength = ............................. m
[1]

State one property of microwaves.

...............................................................................................................................
...
[1]

38. Draw diagrams, in the spaces below, to illustrate how plane water waves are
diffracted when they pass through a gap

(i) about 2 wavelengths wide

John Hampden Grammar School 36

[1]

(ii) about 10 wavelengths wide.

[3]

39. Suggest why the diffraction of light waves cannot usually be observed except
under laboratory conditions.

...............................................................................................................................
...

...............................................................................................................................
...
[2]

40. The diagram below shows an arrangement where microwaves leave a

transmitter T and move in a direction TP which is perpendicular to a metal plate
P.

T P
transm itter

(a) When a microwave detector D is slowly moved from T towards P the

pattern of the signal strength received by D is high, low, high, low … etc.

Explain

‫׀‬ why these maxima and minima of intensity occur

‫׀‬ how you would measure the wavelength of the microwaves

‫׀‬ how you would determine their frequency.

.......................................................................................................................

John Hampden Grammar School 37

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[6]

(b) Describe how you could test whether the microwaves leaving the
transmitter are plane polarised.

.......................................................................................................................
..

.......................................................................................................................
..
[2]

John Hampden Grammar School 38

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Waves Workbook

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Module 4: Waves

Name:_______________________________ Teaching Group:_________

Question Mark Question Mark

Name:_______________________________ Teaching Group:_________

John Hampden Grammar School 1

speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00 x 108 m s-1

acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s-2

John Hampden Grammar School 2

(ii) Explain why sound waves cannot be plane-polarised.

Fig. 1 shows a student observing a parallel beam of plane-polarised light that

plane-polarised light polaroid

John Hampden Grammar School 3

Suggest why there is a series of maxima and minima in the intensity.

2. (a) In an investigation of standing waves, a loudspeaker is positioned above a

John Hampden Grammar School 4

(iii) Use the two equations to show that l1 – l2 = λ/2.

(iv) The following results were obtained in the experiment.

frequency of sound = 500Hz l1 = 0.170 m l2 = 0.506 m

John Hampden Grammar School 5

speed = ………………..m s–1

3. Explain what is meant by the principle of superposition of two waves.

John Hampden Grammar School 6

(i) In order to produce a clear interference pattern on the screen, the

(ii) In the diagram, the central point O is a point of maximum intensity.

John Hampden Grammar School 7

5. Below is a displacement-time graph for a wave source.

(a) Use the graph to determine for this wave source

(i) the amplitude

(ii) the displacement when t = 1.80 ms

(iii) the period

(iv) the frequency.

(ii) State a wave phenomenon that applies to transverse waves only.

Microwaves leave the transmitter and move in a direction TP which is at right

John Hampden Grammar School 9

Calculate for these microwaves

John Hampden Grammar School 10

8. This question gives a statement which can lead to misconceptions in physics.

A standing wave set up in air in a pipe is often illustrated by a diagram such as

How can this be possible as sound is a longitudinal wave?

John Hampden Grammar School 11

(a) What is the speed of travel of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum?

(b) (i) Measure the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in Fig. 1.

frequency = ............................... unit .................

(iii) What type of electromagnetic wave does this wavelength correspond

type of electromagnetic wave .........................................................

John Hampden Grammar School 12

(i) A wave R arriving at A can divide at A and reach C either by path

path length ABC = ................................................... cm

path length ADC = ................................................... cm

to aerial out going E

(iii) Another wave T travelling from E in the opposite direction is shown in

What is the path length of each of these paths?

path length DC = .................................................. cm

John Hampden Grammar School 13

(v) In practice in a radar system a powerful transmitter is placed at E

(ii) path difference.

John Hampden Grammar School 14

1 constructive interference at point P on the screen

2 destructive interference at point Q on the screen.

John Hampden Grammar School 15

‘Microwaves of a fixed frequency are emitted in all directions from a

John Hampden Grammar School 16

(i) coherent sources

(ii) principle of superposition of waves

14. The figure below shows an arrangement to demonstrate interference effects

John Hampden Grammar School 17

John Hampden Grammar School 18

(a) Explain how the standing wave is formed.

(c) What is the wavelength of this standing wave?

John Hampden Grammar School 19

John Hampden Grammar School 20

John Hampden Grammar School 21

Identify 4 incorrect statements of physics and state how each could be

In order to see the interference pattern clearly in a darkened room, suggest

(i) the distance from the double-slit to the screen

John Hampden Grammar School 23

Name:_______________________ Teaching Group:_

Name:_______________________ Teaching Group:_