5 Enzymes

Part 1: Multiple-choice Questions

Answer all questions For each question, there are fout poccble ancwers (Choose the best and correct answer
1 Which of the following statements coretly ) Enzyme actvty
describes an enzymc?
A catalyst that speeds up chemical
reactions, hanges after the reaction
and is being used up.
Acarbohvdrate that functions as a
50 100
chemical catalvst. Temperature/"C
CA protein that sBows down chenmical
reactions in cells. 3 Which of the following correctly describes
D Aprotein that functions as a biological how an enzyme-controlled reaction is
catalvst and remains unchanged after affected by increasing the temperature
the reaction. from 20°C to 35°C?

CloneOd /Nov 2009 overall

kinetic rate of
2 Therate of enzyme activity can be aflected
energy of collision shape of
by temperature. Which of the following of active site
enzymes
graphs illustrates how the changes of and molecules
temperature alter the enzyme activity? substrates
A Enzyme activity
A increases increases no

change
no change decreases denatures

50 100 C increases decreases no

Temperature/°C change
Enzyme activity D decreases increases denatures
4 The diagram shows the changes ofenzyme
activity on different pH levels.
Rate of 4
reaction
50 100
Temperature/C

Enzyme activity

123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
p

50 100
Temperature/°C

Chapter 5Enzymes 41
 C Enzymes are made up of proteins that
Which of the following shows the part can change into different
where the enzyme is not active? after chemical reactions. structures
A at pH 3and pH 11 D Enzymes can build up large molecules
B at pH 7
C at pH land pH 13
and break down large molecules into
smaller units.
D at pH 4and pH9
5 Which of the following best describes what O Clone Oct / Nov 2013
happens to most enzymes when the
temperature is increased to 60°C and 7 Astudent carried out an experiment to
investigate the effect of temperature on
above?
A Theenzymes function the best. the activity of enzyme protease on egg
albumen. The student placed the egg
B The enzymes active sites are altered.
C The enzymes are destroyed by white albumen with enzymes into five test tubes.
blood cells. Which of the following steps should be
D The enzymes are digested. done by the student to conduct the
experiment correctly?
6 Which of the following shows a correct A Keep the temperature of egg albumen
statement about enzymes? constant at 37°C throughout the
A Enzymes help to speed up the chemical experiment.
reaction at temperatures of above 60°C. B Use different types of enzymes.
B Enzymes can only break down large C Keep the pH of egg albumen constant
molecules into smaller units. at pH 2.
D Place different volunmes of enzymes
into the egg albumen.
8 The diagram shows the process of enzyme activity.

What are P, Q, Rand S represented in the reaction?

P
R S
A enzyme enzyme-substrate substrates
complex products
B substrates enzyme
enzyme-substrate products
products
complex
substrates enzyme-substrate
enzyme
D complex
enzyme-substrate
complex products
substrates enzyme

42 Cambridge IGCSEIM
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 9 The diagram illustrates the process of a 10 A student carried out an investigation to
chemical reaction. study the digestion of starch using amylase
enzyme. Four identical mixtures of starch
and enzyme solutions were placed in test
tubes of different pH levels.
Reactants Product
Which of the following represents a suitable Which shows the optimum pH value of the
enzyme for this reaction? enzyme activity?
A starch
digest7S
tO
for
taken
Time A

D B
(

Part 2: Structured Questions pH

Answer all questions.
Clone Oct/ Nov 2010

1 (a) Define the term enzyme.

[3]
(b) Enzymes are used in the digestion of large food molecules into smaller units. Describe in
detail how enzymes work tospeed up the chemical reaction.
Use a diagram to aid your explanation.

[6]
(Total: 9]

Chapter 5 Enzymes43
 which
are decomposers
2 Fig. 2.1 shows some soil microorganisms. They
leaves he two enzymes
secteted by soil secrete digestive
Chzymes to break down
protease and ceBlulase.
dead
microorganisnns

Fig. 2.1

(a) Expiain whv each enzme is specific to its substrate.

(b) Proteasc is the enzvme used by soil microorganisms for protein digestion.
State which part of the dead leaf cells are digested by the enzyme cellulase.

(c) Astudent carried out a case study on the comparison of dead leaves decomposition at
two iocations, Jand K. The data for the results of study were recorded in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1

location J location K

enzvme protease activity (umol/min) 2640 2570

enzyme cellulase activity(umol/min) 5000 1900

sOil water content (9%) 15 65

pH level of soil 6.0 3.2

(i) Describe the results by comparing the enzyme activity at both locations J and
on the data given in Table 2.1. be

44 Cambridge IGCSEIM
Ace Your Biology
 enzymes at both locations J and K.
(i1) Explain the differences in the activity of different

[3|
[Total: 9]
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a graph that displays the eftect of pH value on the rate of three differernt enzymes.
U
100
activity

enzyrne
75

of 50
Rate
25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12
pH
Fig. 3.1
Three different enzymes (S, T and U) were placed in test tubes of their substrate solutions.

(a) Explain why it is important to keep the temperature fixed at 37°C.

[2]
(b) Based on the information given in Fig. 3.1, describe how the rate of activity of enzyme T
is affected by the increasing pH of the substrate solution.

[3]

Chapter 5Enzymes 45
 enzyme:
(c) State the optimumpH for each
() enzyme S

(i) enzyme T

(iii) enzyme U

(d) State what will happen to the enzyme at the pH vvalue which is higher than its
pH. optimum

(Total: 9]
4 Fig. 4.l illustrates the effects of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity.
activity

enzyme W

of
Rate

B
Temperature /°C
Fig. 4.1
(a) Describe the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of enzyme activity on sections
labelled A and B in Fig. 4.1.
Section A

Section B

46 Cambridge IGCSEM
Ace Your Biology
 (b) State the term used to describe the part labelled W.

[1]
(c) Based on section A of the graph, explain how the rate of enzyme activity is aftected by
increasing temperature.

(3]
(d) Enzymes are denatured at high temperatures. Explain the term denatured.

[2]
[Total: 10]

Clone May /June 2016

5 A group of students investigated the digestion of starch solution at different temperatures.

lodine solution
Amylase

ooo|ooo +oo o
Starch
solution

Spotting tile
Heat Heat

Fig. 5.1
The students carried out the following steps.
" Starch solution was added into the beaker and heated.
"All the wells of the spotting tile were filled with iodine solution.
" Amylase was added into the starch solution.
"Every minute, droplets of solution were added to the wells of spotting tiles.
"This step is continued until the iodine solution stopped turningblue-black.
" Time taken for the reaction to complete was recorded.
60°C.
"All the steps were repeated by changing the temperature to 20°C, 40°C and
" The observations were shown in Fig. 5.2.

Chapter 5Enzymes47
 60°C
20°C 40°C

Blue-black
OLight brown
No reaction
3 minutes
9 minutes
Fig. 5.2

construct a table to record the data.

(a) Based on the observations obtained,

(b) When starch is present, the iodine solution turns blue-black. It remains light brown when
starch is absent.

(i) At 20°C, eight wells turned blue-black, and the reaction stopped at the ninth minutes.
At 40°C, only one well turned blue-black, and the reaction stopped at the forth
minutes.

Explain your observation.

(2)
(iü) At the temperature of 60°C, all the wells turned blue-black. This showed that the
enzymeamylase had no reaction on the starch solution.
Explain this observation.

(c) State a conclusion for this experiment.

(lotal:9/

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