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Bs criminology 3rd year article

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7 views

Activity 1

Bs criminology 3rd year article

Uploaded by

michaelaburce07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Activity #1

Forensic 4
BS CRIM-3F MR. J. CALONGCONG

Michaela P. Burce March 21,2024

What is QDE?
In forensic science, questioned document examination (QDE) is the examination of documents
potentially disputed in a court of law. Its primary purpose is to provide evidence about a suspicious or
questionable document using scientific processes and methods. Evidence might include alterations,
the chain of possession, damage to the document, forgery, origin, authenticity, or other questions
that come up when a document is challenged in court. Instruments used in the questioned document
section include: Video Spectral Comparator (VSC), Electrostatic Detection Apparatus (ESDA),
Stereo-Microscope, Spectrophotometer, and Fingerprint Live Scanner etc. Why do documents
become questioned documents? When the authorship, authenticity or origin of a document
becomes the subject of a dispute or an investigation, the document becomes known as the
“questioned document”. Usually, known specimens must be provided for comparison with the
questioned documents.

Questioned document examinations are often used to determine whether a document is authentic and
genuine by confirming who created it, during what time frame, and with what materials, and identify any
modifications to the original document. Albert Sherman Osborn (1855-1946) is considered the father of
the science of questioned document examination in North America. Pioneer and author in the field of
Questioned Document Examination. The scientific examination of QDE is a comparative pattern-
based science like firearms, fingerprints and tire treads. The discipline covers wide ranging non-
destructive examinations including handwriting, indented impressions, typewriting, printing processes,
inks, and paper. For example, a suicide note bearing a handwritten or typewritten text and a forged will,
both can both be considered as a questioned document. Forensic Document Examiners define a
'questioned document' as any material that contains marks, symbols or signs intended to communicate a
message. There are two main categories of questioned documents - documents with questioned
signatures, and documents containing fraudulent alterations. The document also outlines various
writing characteristics and signatures that document examiners analyze to determine the authenticity of
questioned documents. The forensic document examiner makes scientific examinations, comparisons,
and analyses of documents in order to: 1) establish genuineness or non-genuineness, 2) reveal
alterations, additions, or deletions, 3) identify or eliminate persons as the source of handwriting, 4)
identify or eliminate the source of machine produced documents, 5) visualize other impressions, marks,
or relevant evidence of any kind, and 6) write reports and give testimony. Other problems may involve
the decipherment, restoration, or enhancement of obscured, deleted, or damaged parts of documents.

Forensic document examination includes the expertise of handwriting identification. Handwriting


includes cursive or script style writing, hand printing, signatures, numerals, and other written marks or
signs. Forensic document examination does not involve the employment of calligraphic or engrossing
skills, nor does it involve a study of personality or character.

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