CENTRE FOR GLOBAL PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL

DEVELOPMENT
FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE
BIOLOGY PRACTICAL 1
(CASE STUDY I: GUMMY BEARS)
(FBIP 1112)

NAME: AMBIGAI A/P GANESAN

CASE STUDY TITLE: GUMMY BEARS
MATRIC NUMBER: U0230002
COHORT: FIS 26
PRACTICAL DATE: 26/9/2023
SUBMISSION DATE: 2/11/2023
LECTURER’S NAME: SIR MOHD SHAHMEN MOHD YAZAM

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TABLE OF CONTENT

NUM CONTENT PAGE

1. TITLE 3

2. OBJECTIVES 4

3. INTRODUCTION 5

4. MATERIALS 6

5. METHODOLOGY 7

6. RESULTS 8

7. DISCUSSION 9

8. CONCLUSION 10

9. QUESTIONS 11-12

10. REFERENCES 13

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1.1 TITLE
GUMMY BEARS

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1.2 OBJECTIVES
1. Determine the mass change (%) of each gummy bear in different types of
concentration of NaCl solution.
2. To identify the hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions.

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1.3 INTRODUCTION
However, doing so would require energy input and is referred to as active
transport. Molecules can also be transported across a cell membrane in opposition
to their concentration gradient. Diffusion is the transfer of a substance's molecules
from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration. It is known as
moving down a concentration gradient when molecules do that. There is no
energy input necessary because molecules move down their concentration
gradient on their own initiative and without doing any work. Even through a
membrane, diffusion of molecules is possible if the membrane has pores or holes
that allow the molecules to pass through. Water diffuses across a membrane
through a process called osmosis. Osmosis is the process by which water is
transferred from an area with a higher concentration of water molecules to one
with a lower concentration.

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1.4 MATERIALS
1. Seven (7) gummy bears
2. Seven (7) glasses
3. Salt, NaCl
4. Water
5. Electric balance/Weighing machine
6. Plastic
7. Pen/Marker

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1.5 METHODOLOGY
1. The starting weigh of all seven gummy bears were measured and recorded.
2. Seven glasses of the same size were gathered, and labelled them 0 m, 0.1 m,
0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m and 1.0 m.
3. Table salt (NaCI) was used. 7 different concentrations of NaCl solutions were
prepared with volume of 1 litre each: 0 m, 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m and
1.0 m.
4. The gummy bears were put in every glasses.
5. All seven glasses were covered with plastic and left overnight.
6. The next day, the final weight was measured.
7. The mass change (%) of each gummy bear was determined and the results were
recorded.

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1.6 RESULTS

Data:

NaCl Mass
Gummy Weigh before Weigh after
concentration change
Bears immersion (g) immersion (g)
(M) (%)
1 X 6.42 1.0 -14.97
2 7.10 6.39 0.8 -10.00
3 6.50 6.18 0.6 -4.92
4 6.23 6.20 0.4 -0.48
5 6.30 6.62 0.2 5.08
6 6.40 7.04 0.1 10.00
7 7.10 Y 0 15.07

Calculation:
To find mass change,
(final mass-initial mass)/initial mass x 100

To find the mass required,

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1.7 DISCUSSION
Water diffuses, or goes to areas with high concentrations of solutes, through a
process called osmosis. I was able to draw the conclusion from the experiment
that the mass change percentage decreased with increasing NaCl concentration.
The concentration of 1.0 M NaCl gained a mass change of -14.97%, as the table
indicated. The mass change at 0.8 M NaCl concentration increased by -10.00%.
The mass change of the 0.6 M NaCl concentration increased by 4.92%. The mass
change of the 0.4 M NaCl concentration was -0.48%. The mass change in the 0.2
M NaCl concentration was 5.08 percent. The concentration of NaCl at 0.1 m
increased by 1.0 % mass change. 15.07 percent mass change was gained by the 0
M NaCl concentration. In a 1.0 M NaCl concentration, the gummy bear will
contract and get smaller, whereas in a 0.1 M NaCl concentration, it will expand
and get bigger. The gummy bear will be hypotonic in a 0.1 M NaCl concentration
and hypertonic in a 1.0 M NaCl concentration. With a 0.4M NaCl concentration,
the gummy bear is almost in an isotonic solution due to the very small mass
change in percentage. This indicates that there is very little net water movement
in this gummy bear.

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1.8 CONCLUSION
I can distinguish between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions based on
the experiment. Solute concentrations in hypotonic solutions are lower than in
other solutions. The concentration of salt in isotonic solution is equal to that in
cells. In comparison to another solution, a hypotonic solution has a higher solute
concentration. Aside from that, I can describe the idea of osmosis and the reasons
behind it. Water diffuses, or goes to places where there is a high concentration of
solutes, through a process called osmosis. I have the ability to foresee both the
entry and exit of water molecules from living cells as well as any alterations that
may take place to those cells.

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1.9 QUESTIONS
1. What is the value of X?
❖ 7.55g

2. What is the value of Y?

❖ 8.17g

3. From the experiment, what concentration is the isotonic solution?

❖ The concentration is the isotonic solution is 0.4M NaCl solution.

4. From the experiment, what concentration is the hypertonic solution?

❖ The concentration is the isotonic solution is 1.0M NaCl solution.

5. From the experiment, what concentration is the hypotonic solution?

❖ The concentration is the isotonic solution is 0M NaCl solution.

6. In the boxes below, draw three plants cells: one that is in isotonic, one that is
in hypotonic, and one that is in hypertonic. Indicate with arrows the direction of
the net movement of water across the cell membrane.

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

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7. Explain on flaccid.
❖ Plant tissue that is flaccid has lost water, causing the cytoplasm inside the
cells to shrink and separate from the cell walls, making the tissue softer
and less rigid than usual.

8. Explain on turgid.
❖ Turgid tissues or cells are enlarged as a result of absorbing water. The state
of being swollen or turgid, particularly as a result of a high fluid content,
is called turgidity.

9. Explain on plasmolysis.
❖ The process of a plant cell's protoplasm contracting or shrinking as a result
of the cell losing water is known as plasmolysis.

10.Hospital patients often receive medications, nutrients, and water intravenously

(IV), which means they are injected directly into the patient’s veins through a
needle. IV fluid is not pure water, but is instead a saline solution (water containing
NaCl). What do you think is the appropriate NaCl concentration for IV fluid?
Why?
❖ The appropriate IV fluid is with a NaCl concentration of 0.4 M. This is
because a solution with a concentration of 0.4 M NaCl is isotonic. A
solution is said to be isotonic if its solute concentration, or osmolarity, is
the same as that of another solution. Water will flow in equal amounts from
each solution into the other if a semipermeable membrane is used to
separate the two solutions.

11.What would happen if pure water was used as IV fluid instead of saline
solution?
❖ Since pure water is isotonic, if it were used as the IV fluid rather than saline
solution, the cell would not be harmed and no changes occur.

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1.10 REFERENCES
1. Case study I
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VImKPv_xjbUFMh2DEsdJyPjXnzmTYHx-
/view
2. Biology Practical Lab 1 Practical 4
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ku6CSjaBpHuVBczgQzJ2oATfspRALdc4/vie
w?pli=1

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