A − Used to check if there is any compilation error.

B − Used to upload a program to the Arduino board.

C − Shortcut used to create a new sketch.
D − Used to directly open one of the example sketch.
E − Used to save your sketch.
F − Serial monitor used to receive serial data from the board and send the serial data to the
board.
Now, simply click the "Upload" button in the environment. Wait a few seconds; you will see
the RX and TX LEDs on the board, flashing. If the upload is successful, the message "Done
uploading" will appear in the status bar.
IoT Platforms Overview: Arduino, Raspberry Pi

The IoT concepts imply a creation of network of various devices interacting with each other
and with their environment. Interoperability and connectivity wouldn’t be possible without
hardware platforms that help developers solve issues such as building autonomous
interactive objects or completing common infrastructure related tasks.

Let’s go through the most popular IoT platforms and see how they work and benefit IoT
software developers.
Arduino

The Arduino platform was created back in 2005 by the Arduino company and allows for
open source prototyping and flexible software development and back-end deployment
while providing significant ease of use to developers, even those with very little experience
building IoT solutions.

Arduino is sensible to literally every environment by receiving source data from different
external sensors and is capable to interact with other control elements over various devices,
engines and drives. Arduino has a built-in micro controller that operates on the Arduino
software.

Projects based on this platform can be both standalone and collaborative, i.e. realized with
use of external tools and plugins. The integrated development environment (IDE) is
composed of the open source code and works equally good with Мac, Linux and Windows
OS. Based on a processing programming language, the Arduino platform seems to be
created for new users and for experiments. The processing language is dedicated to
visualizing and building interactive apps using animation and Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
platform.

Let's note that this programming language was developed for the purpose of learning basic
computer programming in a visual context. It is an absolutely free project available to every
interested person. Normally, all the apps are programmed in C/C++, and are
wrapped with avr-gcc (WinAVR in OS Windows).
Arduino offers analogue-to-digital input with a possibility of connecting light, temperature
or sound sensor modules. Such sensors as SPI or I2C may also be used to cover up to 99% of
these apps’ market.

Arduino is a microcontroller (generally it is the 8-bit ATmega microcontroller), but not a

mini-computer, which makes Arduino somehow limited in its features for advanced users.
Arduino provides an excellent interactivity with external devices and offers a wide range of
user manuals, project samples as well as a large community of users to learn from / share
knowledge with.

Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi (/paɪ/) is a series of small single-board computers developed in the United
Kingdom by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in association with Broadcom. Early on, the
Raspberry Pi project leaned towards the promotion of teaching basic computer science in
schools and in developing countries. Later, the original model became far more popular
than anticipated,selling outside its target market for uses such as robotics. It is now widely
used in many areas, such as for weather monitoring,because of its low cost, modularity, and
open design.
After the release of the second board type, the Raspberry Pi Foundation set up a new entity,
named Raspberry Pi Trading, and installed Eben Upton as CEO, with the responsibility of
developing technology.The Foundation was rededicated as an educational charity for
promoting the teaching of basic computer science in schools and developing countries.The
Raspberry Pi is one of the best-selling British computers.
The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations in
the type of the central processing unit, amount of memory capacity, networking support,
and peripheral-device support.

This block diagram describes Model B and B+; Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero are similar, but
lack the Ethernet and USB hub components. The Ethernet adapter is internally connected to
an additional USB port. In Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero, the USB port is connected directly
to the system on a chip (SoC). On the Pi 1 Model B+ and later models the USB/Ethernet chip
contains a five-port USB hub, of which four ports are available, while the Pi 1 Model B only
provides two. On the Pi Zero, the USB port is also connected directly to the SoC, but it uses
a micro USB (OTG) port. Unlike all other Pi models, the 40 pin GPIO connector is omitted on
the Pi Zero, with solderable through-holes only in the pin locations. The Pi Zero WH
remedies this.
Processor speed ranges from 700 MHz to 1.4 GHz for the Pi 3 Model B+ or 1.5 GHz for the Pi
4; on-board memory ranges from 256 MiB to 1 GiB random-access memory (RAM), with up
to 8 GiB available on the Pi 4. Secure Digital (SD) cards in MicroSDHC form factor (SDHC on
early models) are used to store the operating system and program memory. The boards
have one to five USB ports. For video output, HDMI and composite video are supported,
with a standard 3.5 mm tip-ring-sleeve jack for audio output. Lower-level output is provided
by a number of GPIO pins, which support common protocols like I²C. The B-models have
an 8P8C Ethernet port and the Pi 3, Pi 4 and Pi Zero W have on-board Wi-
Fi 802.11n and Bluetooth.

Raspberry Pi is a mono-board computing platform that's as tiny as a credit card. Initially it

was developed for computer science education with later on progress to wider functions.

Since the inception of Raspberry, the company sold out more than 8 million items.
Raspberry Pi 3 is the latest version and it is the first 64-bit computing board that also comes
with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functions. According to Raspberry Pi Foundation CEO Eben
Upton, "it's been a year in the making". The Pi3 version is replaced with a quad-core 64-bit
1.2 GHz ARM Cortex A53 chip, 1GB of RAM, VideoCore IV graphics, Bluetooth 4.1 and
802.11n Wi-Fi. The developers claim the new architecture delivers an average 50%
performance improvement over the Pi 2.

Another peculiarity of Raspberry Pi is the GPIO (General Purpose Input-Output), which is a

low-level interface of self-operated control by input-output ports. Raspberry has it as a 40-
pin connector.

Raspberry Pi uses Linux as its default operating system (OS). It’s also fully Android
compatible. Using the system on Windows OS is enabled through any virtualization system
like XenDesktop. If you want to develop an application for Raspberry Pi on your computer, it
is necessary to download a specific toolset comprised of ARM-compiler and some libraries
complied down to ARM-target platform like glibc.