300 Chapter 7 First-Order Circuits

7.4 The switch in Fig. 7.84 has been in position A for a 7.8 For the circuit in Fig. 7.88, if
long time. Assume the switch moves instantaneously
v = 10e−4t V and i = 0.2e−4t A, t>0
from A to B at t = 0. Find v for t > 0.
(a) Find R and C.
5 kΩ A (b) Determine the time constant.
(c) Calculate the initial energy in the capacitor.
+ (d) Obtain the time it takes to dissipate 50 percent of
B 10 μF v
40 V + the initial energy.
‒ ‒
2 kΩ

i
Figure 7.84
For Prob. 7.4. +
R C v
‒
7.5 Using Fig. 7.85, design a problem to help other
students better understand source-free RC circuits.
Figure 7.88
t=0 For Prob. 7.8.
R1

i 7.9 The switch in Fig. 7.89 opens at t = 0. Find vo for

R2 t > 0.
v +
‒ R3
2 kΩ t=0
C

Figure 7.85 +
15 V + vo 4 kΩ 3 mF
For Prob. 7.5. ‒
‒

7.6 The switch in Fig. 7.86 has been closed for a long Figure 7.89
time, and it opens at t = 0. Find v(t) for t ≥ 0. For Prob. 7.9.

7.10 For the circuit in Fig. 7.90, find vo(t) for t > 0. Deter-
t=0 mine the time necessary for the capacitor voltage to
10 kΩ decay to one-third of its value at t = 0.

t=0
9 kΩ
60 V +
‒ 2 kΩ
v(t)
+
40 μF
‒ +
36 V +
‒ 3 kΩ 20 μF vo
‒
Figure 7.86
For Prob. 7.6.
Figure 7.90
For Prob. 7.10.
7.7 Assuming that the switch in Fig. 7.87 has been in
position A for a long time and is moved to position B Section 7.3 The Source-Free RL Circuit
at t = 0, Then at t = 1 second, the switch moves from
7.11 For the circuit in Fig. 7.91, find io for t > 0.
B to C. Find vC(t) for t ≥ 0.
t=0
10 kΩ A 4Ω 4H
io
B C
15 V + 2 mF
‒ 24 V + 4Ω 8Ω
500 kΩ 1 kΩ ‒

Figure 7.87 Figure 7.91

For Prob. 7.7. For Prob. 7.11.
 Problems 301

7.12 Using Fig. 7.92, design a problem to help other 7.16 Determine the time constant for each of the circuits
students better understand source-free RL circuits. in Fig. 7.96.

t=0
R1 L1 L2
i(t) R2
R1 R3
R3
v +
‒ R2 L R1 R2
L

(a) (b)
Figure 7.92
For Prob. 7.12. Figure 7.96
For Prob. 7.16.
7.13 In the circuit of Fig. 7.93,
v(t) = 80e−10 t V,
3
t>0 7.17 Consider the circuit of Fig. 7.97. Find vo(t) if
i(0) = 15 A and v(t) = 0.
i(t) = 5e−10 t mA,
3
t>0
(a) Find R, L, and τ. 1Ω
(b) Calculate the energy dissipated in the resistance
for 0 < t < 0.5 ms. 3Ω +
i v(t) + i (t) vo(t)
‒

2H ‒
+
R v L
‒
Figure 7.97
For Prob. 7.17.
Figure 7.93
For Prob. 7.13. 7.18 For the circuit in Fig. 7.98, determine vo(t) when
i(0) = 5 A and v(t) = 0.
7.14 Calculate the time constant of the circuit in Fig. 7.94.

20 kΩ 10 kΩ 2Ω

0.4 H

40 kΩ 5 mH 30 kΩ +
i(t)
v(t) + 3Ω vo(t)
‒

Figure 7.94 ‒
For Prob. 7.14.

7.15 Find the time constant for each of the circuits Figure 7.98
in Fig. 7.95. For Prob. 7.18.
10 Ω
7.19 In the circuit of Fig. 7.99, find i(t) for t > 0 if
40 Ω i(0) = 5 A.
48 Ω
i 6H
40 Ω 160 Ω
2Ω 5H
20 mH
10 Ω 0.5i 40 Ω

(a) (b)
Figure 7.95 Figure 7.99
For Prob. 7.15. For Prob. 7.19.
302 Chapter 7 First-Order Circuits

7.20 For the circuit in Fig. 7.100, Section 7.4 Singularity Functions
−50t
v = 90e V 7.24 Express the following signals in terms of singularity
and functions.

i = 30e−50tA, t>0 (a) v(t) = { 0, t<0

{
−5, t>0
(a) Find L and R.
0, t<1
(b) Determine the time constant.
(c) Calculate the initial energy in the inductor. −10, 1<t<3
(b) i(t) =
(d) What fraction of the initial energy is dissipated 10, 3<t<5

{
in 10 ms? 0, t>5
t − 1, 1<t<2
1, 2<t<3
i (c) x(t) =
4 − t, 3<t<4
+ Otherwise

{
0,
R L v
2, t<0
‒
(d) y(t) = −5, 0<t<1
Figure 7.100 0, t>1
For Prob. 7.20.
7.25 Design a problem to help other students better
7.21 In the circuit of Fig. 7.101, find the value of R for understand singularity functions.
which the steady-state energy stored in the inductor
will be 2 J. 7.26 Express the signals in Fig. 7.104 in terms of
singularity functions.
40 Ω R

60 V +
‒ 80 Ω 2H
v1(t)
1
Figure 7.101 v2(t)
For Prob. 7.21. 1 2
‒1 0 t
7.22 Find i(t) and v(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 7.102
if i(0) = 10 A. ‒1 0 2 4 t
(a) (b)
i(t)

+ v3(t)
2H
5Ω 20 Ω v(t) 4
‒
1Ω
2 v4(t)
Figure 7.102
For Prob. 7.22. 0
0 2 4 6 t 1 2 t
7.23 Consider the circuit in Fig. 7.103. Given that (c)
‒1
vo(0) = 10 V, find vo and vx for t > 0.

3Ω ‒2
(d)
+ +
vx 1Ω
1
3 H 2Ω vo Figure 7.104
‒ ‒ For Prob. 7.26.

Figure 7.103
For Prob. 7.23. 7.27 Express v(t) in Fig. 7.105 in terms of step functions.
 Problems 303

v(t) 7.35 Find the solution to the following differential

15
equations:
dv + 2v = 0,
(a) ___ v(0) = −1 V
10 dt
5
di − 3i = 0,
(b) 2__ i(0) = 2
dt
‒1 0 1 2 3 t 7.36 Solve for v in the following differential equations,
‒5 subject to the stated initial condition.
‒10
(a) dv∕dt + v = u(t), v(0) = 0
(b) 2 dv∕dt − v = 3u(t), v(0) = −6
Figure 7.105
For Prob. 7.27.
7.37 A circuit is described by

dv + v = 10
4 ___
7.28 Sketch the waveform represented by dt
i(t) = [r(t) − r(t − 1) − u(t − 2) − r(t − 2) (a) What is the time constant of the circuit?
+ r(t − 3) + u(t)(t − 4)] A (b) What is v(∞), the final value of v?
(c) If v(0) = 2, find v(t) for t ≥ 0.
7.29 Sketch the following functions:
(a) x(t) = 10e−tu(t − 1), 7.38 A circuit is described by
(b) y(t) = 10e−(t−1)u(t), di + 3i = 2u(t)
__
dt
(c) z(t) = cos 4tδ(t − 1)
Find i(t) for t > 0 given that i(0) = 0.
7.30 Evaluate the following integrals involving the
impulse functions: Section 7.5 Step Response of an RC Circuit
∞
(a) ∫−∞ 4t2δ(t − 1)dt 7.39 Calculate the capacitor voltage for t < 0 and t > 0 for
∞ each of the circuits in Fig. 7.106.
(b) ∫−∞ 4t cos 2π tδ(t − 0.5)dt
2

7.31 Evaluate the following integrals:

∞ 4Ω
(a) ∫−∞ e −4t2
δ(t − 2)dt
∞ +
∫−∞ [5δ(t) + e −t 1Ω
(b) δ(t) + cos 2π tδ(t)]dt + v
20 V ‒ 2F
‒
7.32 Evaluate the following integrals: t=0
t
(a) ∫1 u(λ)dλ (a)
4
(b) ∫0 r(t − 1)dt 2F
5
(c) ∫1 (t − 6)2δ(t − 2)dt + v ‒

12 V +
‒ t=0 4Ω 2A
7.33 The voltage across a 10-mH inductor is
45δ(t − 2)mV. Find the inductor current, assuming
that the inductor is initially uncharged.
3Ω
7.34 Evaluate the following derivatives: (b)
d [u(t − 1)u(t + 1)]
(a) __
dt Figure 7.106
d [r(t − 6)u(t − 2)] For Prob. 7.39.
(b) __
dt
d [sin 4tu(t − 3)]
(c) __
dt 7.40 Find the capacitor voltage for t < 0 and t > 0 for
each of the circuits in Fig. 7.107.
304 Chapter 7 First-Order Circuits

3Ω 2Ω 7.44 The switch in Fig. 7.111 has been in position a for a

long time. At t = 0, it moves to position b. Calculate
t=0
i(t) for all t > 0.
+
12 V +
‒ 4V +
‒ 3F v
‒ a t=0
6Ω
b i
(a)

t=0 30 V +
‒ 60 V +
‒ 3Ω 2F

Figure 7.111
4Ω For Prob. 7.44.
+
6A 2Ω v 5F
‒
7.45 Find vo in the circuit of Fig. 7.112 when
vs = 30u(t) V. Assume that vo(0) = 5 V.
(b)
Figure 7.107
For Prob. 7.40. 20 kΩ 10 kΩ

7.41 Using Fig. 7.108, design a problem to help other

students better understand the step response of an RC +
circuit. vs +
‒ 40 kΩ 3 µF vo
‒
t=0
R1

+ Figure 7.112
v +
‒ R2 C vo For Prob. 7.45.
‒

7.46 For the circuit in Fig. 7.113, is(t) = 5u(t). Find v(t).
Figure 7.108
For Prob. 7.41.
7.42 (a) If the switch in Fig. 7.109 has been open for a 2Ω
long time and is closed at t = 0, find vo(t).
(b) Suppose that the switch has been closed for a
+
long time and is opened at t = 0. Find vo(t). is v 0.25 F
6Ω
‒
t=0
2Ω

+
30 V +
‒ 4Ω 3F vo Figure 7.113
‒ For Prob. 7.46.

Figure 7.109 7.47 Determine v(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 7.114 if
For Prob. 7.42.
v(0) = 0.
7.43 Consider the circuit in Fig. 7.110. Find i(t) for t < 0
and t > 0. 12 Ω
t=0
40 Ω 30 Ω
i + 24[u(t) ‒ u(t ‒ 1)] V
2[u(t ‒ 1)] A 8Ω ‒
80 V +
‒ 3F 0.5i 50 Ω
+ v(t) ‒

50 mF
Figure 7.110 Figure 7.114
For Prob. 7.43. For Prob. 7.47.
 Problems 305

7.48 Find v(t) and i(t) in the circuit of Fig. 7.115. R1

i
20 Ω t=0
i v +
‒ L
+ R2
u(‒t) A 10 Ω 0.1 F v
‒
Figure 7.118
For Prob. 7.52.
Figure 7.115
For Prob. 7.48.
7.53 Determine the inductor current i(t) for both t < 0 and
7.49 If the waveform in Fig. 7.116(a) is applied to the t > 0 for each of the circuits in Fig. 7.119.
circuit of Fig. 7.116(b), find v(t). Assume v(0) = 0.
3Ω 2Ω
is (A)
i
2
25 V +
‒ t=0 4H

(a)
0 1 t (s)
(a) t=0

6Ω
i

+ 6A 4Ω 2Ω 3H
is 4Ω 0.5 F v
‒

(b) (b)

Figure 7.116 Figure 7.119

For Prob. 7.49 and Review Question 7.10. For Prob. 7.53.

*7.50 In the circuit of Fig. 7.117, find ix for t > 0. Let

7.54 Obtain the inductor current for both t < 0 and t > 0
R1 = R2 = 1 kΩ, R3 = 2 kΩ, and C = 0.25 mF.
in each of the circuits in Fig. 7.120.

t=0
R2
i
ix
12 Ω 4Ω
2A 4Ω
30 mA R1 C R3
t=0 3.5 H

Figure 7.117 (a)

For Prob. 7.50.
i
Section 7.6 Step Response of an RL Circuit 24 V +
‒
10 V + 2H
‒
7.51 Rather than applying the shortcut technique used in t=0
Section 7.6, use KVL to obtain Eq. (7.60).
2Ω 3Ω
7.52 Using Fig. 7.118, design a problem to help other 6Ω
students better understand the step response of an RL
circuit. (b)
* An asterisk indicates a challenging problem. Figure 7.120
For Prob. 7.54.
306 Chapter 7 First-Order Circuits

7.55 Find v(t) for t < 0 and t > 0 in the circuit of 7.60 Find v(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 7.125 if the
Fig. 7.121. initial current in the inductor is zero.

io 0.5 H +
4u(t) A 5Ω 8H 20 Ω v
t=0 ‒
3Ω
+
8Ω + Figure 7.125
4io ‒ 2Ω v
For Prob. 7.60.
‒
24 V +
‒ 20 V +
‒
7.61 In the circuit in Fig. 7.126, is changes from 5 A to 10 A
at t = 0; that is, is = 5u(−t) + 10u(t). Find v and i.
Figure 7.121 i
For Prob. 7.55.
+
is 4Ω 0.5 H v
7.56 For the network shown in Fig. 7.122, find v(t) for
‒
t > 0.

5Ω Figure 7.126
For Prob. 7.61.
t=0
6Ω
7.62 For the circuit in Fig. 7.127, calculate i(t) if i(0) = 0.
+ 20 V
+ ‒
2A 12 Ω 20 Ω 0.5 H v 3Ω 6Ω
‒
i

Figure 7.122 u(t ‒ 1) V +

‒ 2H + u(t) V
‒
For Prob. 7.56.

*7.57 Find i1(t) and i2(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Figure 7.127
Fig. 7.123. For Prob. 7.62.

i1 i2 7.63 Obtain v(t) and i(t) in the circuit of Fig. 7.128.

5Ω 20 Ω i
5A 6Ω t=0 5Ω

2.5 H 4H
+
10u(‒t) V + 20 Ω 0.5 H v
‒
Figure 7.123 ‒
For Prob. 7.57.
Figure 7.128
7.58 Rework Prob. 7.17 if i(0) = 10 A and For Prob. 7.63.
v(t) = 20u(t) V.
7.59 Determine the step response vo(t) to is = 6u(t) A in 7.64 Determine the value of iL(t) and the total energy
the circuit of Fig. 7.124. dissipated by the circuit from t = 0 sec to t = ∞ sec.
The value of iin(t) is equal to [6 – 6u(t)] A.
40 Ω + vo(t) ‒

15 H 20 Ω

is 20 Ω
10 H 10 Ω iin(t)
iL(t)

Figure 7.124 Figure 7.129

For Prob. 7.59. For Prob. 7.64.
 Problems 357

8.3 Refer to the circuit shown in Fig. 8.64. Calculate: Rs R

+ + + + vR ‒
(a) iL(0 ), vC(0 ), and vR(0 ), +
(b) diL(0+)∕dt, dvC(0+)∕dt, and dvR(0+)∕dt, Vs u(t) + C vL L
‒
(c) iL(∞), vC(∞), and vR(∞). ‒

40 Ω Figure 8.67
For Prob. 8.6.
+ IL
vC 1
F
+ 4
vR 10 Ω 2u(t) A ‒ 1
H
‒ +
8 Section 8.3 Source-Free Series RLC Circuit
‒ 10 V
8.7 A series RLC circuit has R = 20 kΩ, L = 0.2 mH,
and C = 5 μF. What type of damping is exhibited by
Figure 8.64 the circuit?
For Prob. 8.3.
8.8 Design a problem to help other students better under-
stand source-free RLC circuits.

8.4 In the circuit of Fig. 8.65, find: 8.9 The current in an RLC circuit is described by

(a) v(0+) and i(0+), d2i + 10 __

___ di + 25i = 0
(b) dv(0+)∕dt and di(0+)∕dt, dt2 dt
(c) v(∞) and i(∞).
If i(0) = 10 A and di(0)∕dt = 0, find i(t) for t > 0.

3Ω 0.25 H 8.10 The differential equation that describes the current in

an RLC network is
i d2i + 15 __
di + 12i = 0
+ 3 ___
4u(–t) V + 0.1 F v 5Ω 4u(t) A dt2 dt
‒
‒
Given that i(0) = 0, di(0)∕dt = 6 mA/s, obtain i(t).
8.11 The natural response of an RLC circuit is described
Figure 8.65 by the differential equation
For Prob. 8.4. d2v dv
___ + 2 ___ + v = 0
dt2 dt
for which the initial conditions are v(0) = 10 V and
8.5 Refer to the circuit in Fig. 8.66. Determine: dv(0)∕dt = 0. Solve for v(t).
(a) i(0+) and v(0+), 8.12 If R = 50 Ω, L = 1.5 H, what value of C will make
(b) di∕(0+)dt and dv(0+)∕dt, an RLC series circuit:
(c) i(∞) and v(∞).
(a) overdamped,
(b) critically damped,
1H
(c) underdamped?
i
8.13 For the circuit in Fig. 8.68, calculate the value of R
+
4u(t) A 4Ω
1
F 6Ω v needed to have a critically damped response.
4
‒

60 Ω
Figure 8.66
For Prob. 8.5. R 0.01 F 4H

8.6 In the circuit of Fig. 8.67, find: Figure 8.68

+
(a) vR(0 ) and vL(0 ), + For Prob. 8.13.
(b) dvR(0+)∕dt and dvL(0+)∕dt,
(c) vR(∞) and vL(∞). 8.14 The switch in Fig. 8.69 moves from position A to
position B at t = 0 (please note that the switch must
358 Chapter 8 Second-Order Circuits

connect to point B before it breaks the connection at 5Ω

A, a make-before-break switch). Let v(0) = 0, find
t=0
v(t) for t > 0.

100 V +
‒ 1Ω 0.25 H 1F
30 Ω A =
t 0
4H

B
+ Figure 8.72
80 V +
‒ 0.25 F v(t) 10 Ω For Prob. 8.18.
‒
8.19 Obtain v(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 8.73.
Figure 8.69
For Prob. 8.14. +
v 1F
10 Ω ‒

8.15 The responses of a series RLC circuit are t=0

vC(t) = 30 − 10e−20t + 30e−10t V 120 V +

‒ 4H
−20t −10t
iL(t) = 40e − 60e mA
where vC and iL are the capacitor voltage and Figure 8.73
inductor current, respectively. Determine the values For Prob. 8.19.
of R, L, and C.
8.16 Find i(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 8.70. 8.20 The switch in the circuit of Fig. 8.74 has been closed
for a long time but is opened at t = 0. Determine i(t)
for t > 0.
t=0
10 Ω 60 Ω i(t) 1
H
2 2Ω
i(t)
1 mF
30 V
30 V +
‒ 40 Ω
2.5 H +‒
t=0
1
4 F

Figure 8.70
For Prob. 8.16. Figure 8.74
For Prob. 8.20.

8.17 In the circuit of Fig. 8.71, the switch instantaneously *8.21 Calculate v(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 8.75.
moves from position A to B at t = 0. Find v(t) for all
t ≥ 0.
t=0 15 Ω
A 0.25 H

B 12 Ω 6Ω
5A + t=0
0.04 F v (t) 25 Ω
4Ω 10 Ω ‒ 3H
24 V +
‒ 60 Ω +
v 1
27 F
‒
Figure 8.71
For Prob. 8.17. Figure 8.75
For Prob. 8.21.
8.18 Find the voltage across the capacitor as a function
of time for t > 0 for the circuit in Fig. 8.72. Assume
steady-state conditions exist at t = 0−. * An asterisk indicates a challenging problem.
 Problems 359

Section 8.4 Source-Free Parallel RLC Circuit If the initial conditions are v(0) = 0 = dv(0)∕dt, find
v(t).
8.22 Assuming R = 2 kΩ, design a parallel RLC circuit that
has the characteristic equation 8.28 A series RLC circuit is described by

s2 + 100s + 106 = 0. d2i + R __

L ___ di + __
i = 10
dt2 dt C
8.23 For the network in Fig. 8.76, what value of C is
needed to make the response underdamped with Find the response when L = 0.5 H, R = 4 Ω,
unity neper frequency (α = 1)? and C = 0.2 F. Let i(0) = 1, di(0)∕dt = 0.
8.29 Solve the following differential equations subject to
10 Ω 20 mH C 10 mF
the specified initial conditions
(a) d2v∕dt2 + 4v = 12, v(0) = 0, dv(0)∕dt = 2
(b) d2i∕dt2 + 5 di∕dt + 4i = 8, i(0) = − 1,
Figure 8.76 di(0)∕dt = 0
For Prob. 8.23. (c) d2v∕dt2 + 2 dv∕dt + v = 3, v(0) = 5,
8.24 The switch in Fig. 8.77 moves from position A to dv(0)∕dt = 1
position B at t = 0 (please note that the switch must (d) d2i∕dt2 + 2 di∕dt + 5i = 10, i(0) = 4,
connect to point B before it breaks the connection at di(0)∕dt = − 2
A, a make-before-break switch). Determine i(t) for
8.30 The step responses of a series RLC circuit are
t > 0.
vC = 40 − 10e−2000t − 10e−4000t V, t>0
−2000t −4000t
A iL(t) = 3e + 6e mA, t>0
t =0
(a) Find C. (b) Determine what type of damping is
i(t) exhibited by the circuit.
B
4A 20 Ω 10 mF 10 Ω 0.25 H 8.31 Consider the circuit in Fig. 8.79. Find vL(0+) and
vC(0+).

Figure 8.77
For Prob. 8.24. 40 Ω 10 Ω

+ +
8.25 Using Fig. 8.78, design a problem to help other vL vC +
2u(t) 0.5 H 1F ‒ 50 V
students better understand source-free RLC circuits. ‒ ‒

R1 L io(t)
Figure 8.79
For Prob. 8.31.
t=0 +
v +
‒ R2 C vo(t)
‒
8.32 For the circuit in Fig. 8.80, find v(t) for t > 0.

Figure 8.78
For Prob. 8.25.
3u(–t) A

Section 8.5 Step Response of a Series RLC Circuit

1H 0.04 F
8.26 The step response of an RLC circuit is given by
d2i + 2 __
___ di + 5i = 10 + v ‒
4Ω 2Ω
dt2 dt
Given that i(0) = 2 and di(0)∕dt = 4, solve for i(t). +‒
75u(t) V
8.27 A branch voltage in an RLC circuit is described by
d2v
___ dv Figure 8.80
+ 4 ___ + 8v = 24 For Prob. 8.32.
dt 2 dt
360 Chapter 8 Second-Order Circuits

8.33 Find v(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 8.81. *8.37 For the network in Fig. 8.85, solve for i(t) for t > 0.

t=0 1H 6Ω 6Ω
6Ω
+ i(t)
1
4.5 A 10 Ω v 4F 5Ω 6u(t) A 8 F
‒ t=0 1
H
2

30 V +
‒ 10 V +
‒
Figure 8.81
For Prob. 8.33.
Figure 8.85
For Prob. 8.37.
8.34 Calculate i(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 8.82.
8.38 Refer to the circuit in Fig. 8.86. Calculate i(t) for t > 0.
5(1 ‒ u(t)) A
+ v ‒
i(t)
1 i
16 F 3
4 H
35u(‒t) V + 1 10 Ω
‒ 4 H 1
3 F
5Ω
5Ω
Figure 8.82 10 Ω
For Prob. 8.34.
Figure 8.86
For Prob. 8.38.
8.35 Using Fig. 8.83, design a problem to help other
students better understand the step response of series 8.39 Determine v(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 8.87.
RLC circuits. 3Ω 250 mH

R
20u(t) A 4Ω 20u(t) V +
‒
t=0 v(t) 5Ω
+ ‒
+
V1 +
‒
+ V
‒ 2 C v 500 mF
‒
Figure 8.87
For Prob. 8.39.
8.40 The switch in the circuit of Fig. 8.88 is moved from
L
position a to b at t = 0. Assume that the voltage
Figure 8.83 across the capacitor is equal to zero at t = 0 and that
For Prob. 8.35. the switch is a make before break switch. Determine
i(t) for all t > 0.
0.02 F 14 Ω
8.36 Obtain v(t) and i(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of
Fig. 8.84.
+ 18 V
2Ω 5H b ‒
i(t) 2H 2Ω
a
i(t)
t=0
24 V +
‒ 4Ω 10u(t) A
6Ω
2Ω v(t)
‒ +
6A
200 mF

Figure 8.84 Figure 8.88

For Prob. 8.36. For Prob. 8.40.
 Problems 361

*8.41 For the network in Fig. 8.89, find i(t) for t > 0. 8.46 Using Fig. 8.93, design a problem to help other
students better understand the step response of a
parallel RLC circuit.
3Ω 1H

i(t) i(t) L
40u(t) A 1Ω 20 V +
‒
40 mF
v +
‒ C R

Figure 8.89
For Prob. 8.41.
Figure 8.93
*8.42 Given the network in Fig. 8.90, find v(t) for t > 0. For Prob. 8.46.

8.47 Find the output voltage vo(t) in the circuit of

2A Fig. 8.94.

1H
t=0
6Ω +
4A 1Ω t=0 1
25 F
v
‒ 10 Ω +
6A 5Ω 1H 10 mF vo
‒
Figure 8.90
For Prob. 8.42.
Figure 8.94
8.43 The switch in Fig. 8.91 is opened at t = 0 after the For Prob. 8.47.
circuit has reached steady state. Choose R and C
such that α = 8 Np/s and ωd = 30 rad/s. 8.48 Given the circuit in Fig. 8.95, find i(t) and v(t) for
t > 0.
10 Ω t=0

i(t)
R + 60 V
0.5 H 1H
‒
C +
1 v(t)
1Ω 4 F
2Ω ‒
Figure 8.91
For Prob. 8.43. t=0
6V +
‒
8.44 A series RLC circuit has the following parameters:
R = 1 kΩ, L = 1 H, and C = 10 nF. What type of
Figure 8.95
damping does this circuit exhibit?
For Prob. 8.48.

Section 8.6 Step Response of a Parallel

RLC Circuit 8.49 Determine i(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 8.96.

8.45 In the circuit of Fig. 8.92, find v(t) and 5Ω

i(t) for t > 0.
i
+
3[1 – u(t)] A 50 mF 5H + 45 V
[1 + 5u(t)] A 2Ω v 0.5 F 1H ‒
‒
i(t)

Figure 8.92 Figure 8.96

For Prob. 8.45. For Prob. 8.49.
362 Chapter 8 Second-Order Circuits

8.50 For the circuit in Fig. 8.97, find i(t) for t > 0. 8.55 For the circuit in Fig. 8.101, find v(t) for t > 0.
Assume that i(0+) = 2 A.
10 Ω
2Ω
i(t)
+ i(t)
45 V +
‒ 9u(t) A 10 mF 40 Ω 4H 10 H v(t) 2i(t) +
2H
‒
‒

Figure 8.97 Figure 8.101

For Prob. 8.50. For Prob. 8.55.

8.51 Find v(t) for t > 0 in the circuit of Fig. 8.98. 8.56 In the circuit of Fig. 8.102, find i(t) for t > 0.

4Ω
t=0
+
v i
io R L C
‒
t=0 6Ω 1
25 F
60 V +
‒
1
H
Figure 8.98 4

For Prob. 8.51.

Figure 8.102
8.52 The step response of a parallel RLC circuit is For Prob. 8.56.

v = 10 + 20e−300t(cos 400t − 2 sin 400t) V, t≥0

when the inductor is 25 mH. Find R and C. 8.57 Given the circuit shown in Fig. 8.103, determine the
characteristic equation of the circuit and the values
Section 8.7 General Second-Order Circuits for i(t) and v(t) for all t > 0.

8.53 After being open for a day, the switch in the circuit i(t)
of Fig. 8.99 is closed at t = 0. Find the differential
equation describing i(t), t > 0. +
8Ω v(t) 12 Ω
t=0
80 Ω 2[1 – u(t)] A ‒
i 1
F 2H
18
120 V +
‒ 10 mF 0.25 H
Figure 8.103
For Prob. 8.57.
Figure 8.99
For Prob. 8.53. 8.58 In the circuit of Fig. 8.104, the switch has been in
position 1 for a long time but moved to position 2 at
8.54 Using Fig. 8.100, design a problem to help other t = 0. Find:
students better understand general second-order
(a) v(0+), dv(0+)∕dt,
circuits.
(b) v(t) for t ≥ 0.
A t=0
R3 2 1 8Ω

i t=0
B
+
I R1 0.25 H 0.5 Ω + +
R2 v C L v 1F 10 V ‒
‒ ‒

Figure 8.100 Figure 8.104

For Prob. 8.54. For Prob. 8.58.