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CodeISM Class 3-b (STL Vectors)

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4 views

CodeISM Class 3-b (STL Vectors)

Uploaded by

ismheman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STL Vectors in C++

Arrays: A collection of variables of same data-type. It has


a fixed (or static) size

int arr[100];
// an array of size 100

Vectors are arrays with dynamic size. Vectors are


provided by STL library of C++

When you use vectors ?


When you don’t know the size of the array required
beforehand, you use vectors.

In #include<bits/stdc++.h> , vectors are already included.


So, you don’t need to include any extra header file for
using vectors.

Syntax for declaring vector:

vector <data-type> name; // for an empty


vector <data-type> name(size);
Eg.
vector<int> vec; // vec is empty
vector<int> vec(1000); // vec is a vector of size 1000

.size()
Time complexity of O(1)
cout<<vec.size();

Accessing a particular element of vector

0-based indexing

vec[0] => 1st element of vector


vec[1] => 2nd element of vector
vec[2] => 3rd element of vector

…..
vec[n-1] => nth element of vector

Declaring vector with some default value

vector<data-type> name(size, defaultValue);

Eg. vector<int> vec(5,2);


{ 2 , 2, 2, 2, 2 }
Printing all the values of a vector
int n=vec.size();
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
cout<<vec[i]<<" ";
}

.push_back()
Pushes a value at the back of vector and increases size of
vector by 1

Syntax:
vec.push_back(value);

Time complexity:
O(1)
Eg. 1 A code using push_back():
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int32_t main()
{
vector<int> vec(3, 8);
vec.push_back(22);
int n=vec.size();
for(int i=0; i<n; i++)
{
cout<<vec[i]<<" ";
}

return 0;
}

Eg. 2 Difference between changing value using vec[i]


and push_back():
vector<int> vec={2, 3, 4, 6, 9};

Case I: (Changing value using vec[i])


vec[2]=99;
// New value of vec: { 2, 3, 99, 6, 9}
Case II: (Inserting element using push_back() )
vec.push_back(100);

// New value of vec: { 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 100);

.resize()
Resize the vector to a different size

Eg.
vec.resize(100);
// Make the size of vector 100

.sort()
// Used to arrange all elements of vector in increasing or
ascending order
// O(N log N)
sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());

.reverse()
// Used to reverse a vector
// O(N)
reverse(vec.begin(), vec.end());
Q. Suppose, the input format is given like this:
All elements are given as space separated integers and
last element is -1. Write program to take input of these
integers.

int num=100;
vector<int> vec;
while(num != -1)
{
cin>>num;
vec.push_back(num);
}

For auto loop to print all elements:

for(auto num: vec)


{
cout<<num<<" ";
}

Note: But using this syntax, you can can’t change any
value of the original array. (Similar to call by value)
If you want to change all the elements of the array, use
reference variable by putting & sign before variable
name in loop (Similar to call by reference)

Example
for(auto &num: vec)
{
num=100;
}

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