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Recoding of EEG

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31 views

Recoding of EEG

Uploaded by

pognorerka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Recor

ding of
EEG
Aim :

To Simulate EEG Waveform.

Theory :
Electroencephalograph is an instrument for recording the electrical activity of the brain, by
suitably placing surface electrodes on the scalp. It is a graphic display of a difference in voltages
from two sites of brain function recorded over time.

Monitoring the electroencephalogram has proven to be an effective method of diagnosing many


neurological illnesses and diseases.

EEG Recording and Measurement


The EEG recording electrodes and their proper function are crucial for acquiring high
quality data. Different types of electrodes are often used in the EEG recording systems, such as:

Disposable (gel-less, and pre-gelled types)


Reusable disc electrodes (gold, silver, stainless steel, or tin)
Headbands and electrode caps
Saline-based electrodes
Needle electrodes
The EEG electrodes may be applied separately to the scalp or may be mounted in special
bands, which can be placed on the patient’s head. In either case, electrode jelly or paste is used to
improve the electrical contact. If the electrodes are intended to be used under the skin of the scalp,
needle electrodes are used. They offer the advantage of reducing movement artefacts. EEG
electrodes give high skin contact impedance. EEG preamplifiers are generally designed to have a
very high value of input impedance to take care of high electrode impedance.

EEG may be recorded by picking up the voltage difference between an active electrode on
the scalp with respect to a reference electrode on the ear lobe or any other part of the body. This
type of recording is called ‘monopolar’ recording. However, ‘bipolar’ recording is more popular
wherein the voltage difference between two scalp electrodes is recorded. Such recordings are done
with multi-channel electroencephalographs.
EEG signals may be several hundred microvolts, but 50 microvolts peak-to-peak is the most
typical. The brain waves do not represent the same pattern over and over again. Therefore, brain
recordings are made over a much longer interval of time in order to be able to detect any kind of
abnormalities.

10-20 Electrode Positioning


The 10–20 system avoids both eyeball placement and considers some constant distances by
using specific anatomic landmarks from which the measurement would be made and then uses 10 or
20% of that specified distance as the electrode interval. The odd electrodes are on the left and the
even ones on the right.

Fp : T : Temporal O : Occipital C : Central P : A : Ear Lobe


Frontopo Parietal
lar F :
Frontal
Brain Waves

Brain waves are oscillating electrical voltages in the brain, measuring just a few millionths
of a volt.

Brain
Frequency Brain state Graph
wave

Problem
Gamma > 30 Hz solving ,
concentration

Busy, active
Beta 13 - 30 Hz
mind

Reflective,
Alpha 8 - 13 Hz
restful

Theta 4 - 8 Hz Drowsiness

Sleep,
Delta 0.5 - 4 Hz
dreaming

Procedure :
1. A technician measures your head and marks your scalp with a special pencil to
indicate where to attach the electrodes. Those spots on your scalp might be scrubbed with
a gritty cream to improve the quality of the recording.
2. A technician attaches discs (electrodes) to your scalp using a special adhesive.
Sometimes, an elastic cap fitted with electrodes is used instead. The electrodes are
connected with wires to an instrument that amplifies the brain waves and records them on
computer equipment.
Once the electrodes are in place, an EEG typically takes up to 60 minutes. Testing for certain
conditions require you to sleep during the test. In that case, the test can be longer.
3. You relax in a comfortable position with your eyes closed during the test. At various
times, the technician might ask you to open and close your eyes, perform a few simple
calculations, read a paragraph, look at a picture, breathe deeply for a few minutes, or look at
a flashing light.
4. Video is routinely recorded during the EEG. Your body motions are captured by a
video camera while the EEG records your brain waves. This combined recording can help
your doctor diagnose and treat your condition.

Block Diagram :

Tabulation :

Bands Frequencies Amplitude


Delta 0.5–4 20-100
Theta 4–8 10
Alpha 8-13 2-100
Beta 13-22 5-10
Simulation :

Result :
The changes in EEG waves occurred due to the various placements of electrodes in our body
is studied and the EEG signal is generated.

Conclusion :
Electroencephalography has been proved to be more useful as a diagnostic aid in many cases
of serious head injuries, brain tumours, sleep disorders and various degenerative diseases of the
nervous system. In general, EEG is the best method to diagnose a disease and it is better than its
alternatives for many reasons, and there are almost no low-cost alternatives to EEG.

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