Dermatological Benefits: Soap Production with Curcuma Longa L.

Extract

Almelia, Janelle B.

Celda, Shyssy Lee B.

Cervas, Ezekiel Gabriel M.

Libo-on, Maria Jessica B.

Parcon, Syfer Kyle M.

S.Y. 2023 - 2024

 Chapter I
Introduction

Background of the Study

Throughout history, diverse plant products have been employed for a variety of purposes.

Plant-derived medications, rhizomes in particular, have shown to be extremely beneficial in the

health-care systems of numerous societies throughout history. In recent years, people have

preferred natural treatments over synthetic ones to improve their health. Because synthetic

treatments have a high prevalence of side effects, there is a widespread movement towards

adopting herbal medications or related goods. All throughout the world, herbs are making a

comeback. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 75% of the world’s population

relies on herbs for basic healthcare (Kaur, A., 2019).

The herb, Turmeric rhizome Curcuma longa L. has been used for thousands of years by

various regions of the world, mainly in Asian countries for creating medicine, coloring agent,

food additives, and many more. The herb itself has been used in treating different variety of

ailments, ethnics medicine such as in Islamic, Chinese, and Ayurveda traditions have been

observed to had been studied and used as medicine (Akaberi et al., 2021).

Curcuma longa L., also known as turmeric, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and is

obtained from the rhizome. Curcuma longa (turmeric) is an Indian rhizomatous medicinal herb

that is widely available around the world. Turmeric contains three components: curcumin,

desmethoxycurcumin, and bis-desmethoxycurcumin, which are known collectively as

curcuminoids. Curcumin is well known for its anti-inflammatory and skin-protective effects.

Turmeric has been utilized in traditional medicine since the evolution of mankind. India is the
leading producer, marketer, and exporter of turmeric and its value-added products. Curcumin

(C₂₁H₂₀O₆) the active ingredient in turmeric, is widely studied by scientists for its antioxidant

activity, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-cancer activity, anti-metabolic syndrome activities,

neuroprotective activity, antimicrobial effects, anti-arthritis effects, antiviral effects, anti-asthma

and anti-diabetic effects, anti-obesity, cardio and liver toxicity protection activity, and anti-

depression and anxiety activities (Sahoo et al., 2021). Curcumin has traditionally been used in

many natural herbal medicines to treat skin infections and inflammation (Al-Busaid et al., 2020).

The disadvantages associated with the use of curcumin in the peripheral regeneration

of nerves in sciatic nerve injuries highlight the need for improved formulations so that health

side effects such as stomach upset, gastroesophageal reflux disease, nausea, dizziness, or

diarrhea as post-operative and neuropathic drugs can be reduced to the greatest extent possible

for their reliable and effective medical application (Margiana et al., 2021).
Conceptual Framework

Mediating Variable

Anti-Inflammatory response and

Antioxidant activity

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

The amount of Curcuma Dermatological Effect

longa L. (turmeric)
administered

Moderating Variable

Skin Soothing Soap

Figure 1: The schematic diagram showing the relationship between the variable of the study.
Statement of the problem

With among several teenagers and adults having dermatological problems such as acne,

eczema, and inflammation, there is a wide concern about the impact on their lifestyle. These

conditions can lead to physical discomfort, and social anxiety. This study aims to produce

turmeric soap to combat several skin conditions by incorporating the properties of Curcuma

longa L.

Research Question

This study aims to produce a turmeric soap to combat skin conditions or dermatological

effect by incorporating the properties of Curcuma longa L. Specifically, this study will address

the following questions:

1. What is the efficacy of turmeric skin-soothing soap for skin treatment?

2. What type of skin concerns can turmeric soap alleviate?

3. What are the visible skin improvements?

Objective of the Study

This study aims to produce a turmeric soap to combat skin conditions or dermatological

effect by incorporating the properties of Curcuma longa L. Specifically, it sought to:

1. identify the efficacy of turmeric skin-soothing soap for skin treatment;

2. identify the type of skin concerns can turmeric soap alleviate; and

3. identify the visible skin improvement.

Hypothesis of the Study

Ho: There is no significant benefit of Curcuma longa L. soap in treating skin conditions,

attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

HA: There is a significant benefit of Curcuma longa L. soap in treating skin conditions,

attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to contribute to the advancements in dermatological treatment, producing

the extraction process of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties from Curcuma longa L.

for soap production. If successful, these products could offer relief for individuals dealing with

various skin conditions such as acne, thereby improving their skin quality.

The potential health benefits of Curcuma longa L. cannot be overlooked. The well-known

medical properties of Curcuma longa L., including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects,

incorporating into skin care products could offer not just cosmetic benefits, but also therapeutic

effects for the skin. This aspect of the study underscores the significance in promoting holistic

approaches to skincare.

Scope and Delimitation

This study is only limited to the use of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.) to the extraction of

the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties to a skin soothing soap.

Definition of Terms

Anti-inflammatory – it refers to prevent or reduce inflammation (Merriam Webster, n. d).

The anti-inflammatory used in the study is the result of turmeric response toward dermatological

effect.

Antioxidant - is refer as a substance (such as beta-carotene or vitamin C) that inhibits

oxidation or reactions promoted by oxygen, peroxides, or free radicals (Oxford Language, n. d).

The antioxidant used in the study is based on turmeric dermatological activity.

Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric) – referred as Indian perennial herb of the ginger family

with a large aromatic yellow rhizome that has curcumin (Merriam Webster, n. d). In this study,

turmeric serves as the initial herb used for soap production because of the dermatological effect.

Dermatological Effects – referred as a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, the

structure, functions, and diseases. Effects that are directly involved with the skin (Cambridge

Dictionary, n. d). In this study, dermatological effects are the proposed outcome of turmeric

properties for soap production.

Skin Soothing Soap – referred as a substance used for washing and cleansing purposes,

usually made by treating a fat with an alkali, as sodium or potassium hydroxide, and consisting

chiefly of the sodium or potassium salts of the acids contained in the fat (Merriam Webster, n. d).

In this study, skin soothing soap is the product or result produced from Curcuma longa L.
 Chapter II
Review of Related Literature

Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is an essential component of Asian culture and cuisine. It

was been utilized in traditional medicine for ages. It has said to provide numerous health

benefits. Curcumin, the most physiologically active curcuminoid in turmeric, is being studied in

preclinical and clinical trials for its potential involvement in disease prevention and treatment. It

has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, anti-proliferative, and antibacterial properties

(Gopinath et al., 2018).

Turmeric, also known as Curcuma longa, has been used as a spice in Asian cuisine for

millennia, as well as a medical herb to cure a number of ailments such as pain, inflammation,

wound healing, and digestive problems. Extensive preclinical research has revealed that turmeric

and its bioactive curcuminoid polyphenols have an impact on a variety of chronic conditions.

Human tests to investigate the efficacy of oral turmeric and its curcuminoids in treating various

diseases and disorders were impeded by the curcuminoids’ low oral absorption (Singletary et al.,

2020).

Curcumin, the active substance of turmeric: its effects on health and ways to improve its

bioavailability. Curcuma longa L. is a spice utilized widely in Indian, China, and Southeast Asia.

Turmeric is a yellow-orange polyphenolic natural substance derived from Turmeric, also known

as Curcuma longa, has been used as a spice in Asian cuisine for millennia, as well as a medical

herb to cure a number of ailments such as pain, inflammation, wound healing, and digestive

problems. Extensive preclinical research has revealed that turmeric and its bioactive curcuminoid
polyphenols have an impact on a variety of chronic conditions. Human tests to investigate the

efficacy of oral turmeric and its curcuminoids in treating various diseases and disorders were

impeded by the curcuminoids’ low oral absorption (Singletary et al., 2020).

It has been used to treat common inflammatory diseases, tumor, biliary diseases,

anorexia, cough, topical wounds, diabetic injuries, liver disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis.

Curcumin is a highly active biological material with the potential to treat different diseases in

modern medicine (Abd El-Hack et al., 2021).

Turmeric, a classic antimicrobial, has few side effects and is employed in a variety of

conventional applications. However, its physicochemical features limit its use in medical

applications, such as nanoparticle drug delivery systems, have been used to improve treatment

efficacy. These systems improve solubility, bioavailability, transmembrane permeability, plasma

half-life, stability, target-specific delivery, and therapeutic efficacy. (Sharifi, S. et al., 2020).

High-dose curcumin trials have shown some significant adverse effects, including nausea,

diarrhea, headache, skin rash, and yellow feces (Hsu et al., 2018).

Anti-Inflammatory response and Antioxidant activity

Turmeric, a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa root, has anti-inflammatory,

antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. Its fast metabolism and low bioavailability have

resulted in a wide range of formulations. Curcumin’s effectiveness in preventing postoperative

and neuropathic pain is critical. However, its limits in peripheral nerve regeneration in sciatic

nerve injuries necessitate formulation adjustments to avoid side effects and provide reliable and

effective medical application (Margiana et al., 2021). Because the plant is popularly thought to

have medical properties, it is used as a herbal remedy. Curcuma Longa L. provides a number of
advantages, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, wound-healing, and

gastroprotective effects. The primary active component and longa both have antitoxin

characteristics (Hosseini et al., 2018).

Chronic inflammation is regarded as one of the most difficult disorders, and excessive

generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is significantly associated with the start of chronic

inflammation. As a result, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory treatments are increasingly

effective in the treatment and prevention of inflammation. Curcumin (CUR), a primary

component of turmeric extract, is well known as an efficient agent in both antioxidant and anti-

inflammatory actions; nevertheless, there are certain limits to its use, such as limited water

solubility, low bioavailability, and oxidation by ROS (Trinh et al., 2021).

Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound, has been known for over two millennia to

have powerful anti-inflammatory properties against a variety of illnesses, including arthritis.

Curcumin's main disadvantage is its limited solubility in water, which results in poor intestine

absorption and bioavailability (Rinkunai et al., 2021)

Oxidative stress and inflammation are two connected mechanisms found in many

illnesses. People are increasingly using curcumin, a natural molecule with antioxidant and anti-

inflammatory qualities, as a natural alternative to traditional medications. However, its

hydrophobic characteristic reduces its solubility in physiological fluids and circulation time, and

it also causes cytotoxicity issues in its free form, limiting the range of concentrations that can be

used (Pontes-Quero et al., 2021).

Skin Soothing Soap

The skin is a physical barrier that protects the body from the external environment.

Through its immune system, it limits the attack of environmental threats. Unregulated immune

reactions, however, can cause chronic inflammatory skin diseases, requiring that effective

treatment routes be sought. Turmeric, a root originated from Southeast Asia, has a number of

therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory activity (Mata et al., 2020).

Turmeric, particularly its active component curcumin, has recently been viewed as a

promising therapeutic agent due to its characteristics and numerous applications. Curcumin is

better absorbed through topical rather than oral treatment, hence curcumin-based medicines with

skin passage must be developed. To accomplish this, standardized, proven, and simple extraction

procedures, as well as an ointment manufacturing method with long-term stability, are required

(Niculet et al., 2018). Open skin wounds treated with a 20% turmeric extract ointment were

found to increase the healing process and speed the proliferation, wound contraction, maturation,

and remodeling phases (Alwan et al., 2022).

Turmeric naturally has antioxidants and antimicrobial properties. Turmeric contains

antibacterial and antioxidant properties that combat acne, while the powerful antioxidant clarifies

the skin tone. The same properties apply to turmeric used in soaps (Tariq et al., 2023).

Dermatological Effect

Curcuma and the derivatives have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the

skin. They have been shown to improve wound healing and prevent chronic ultraviolet B

damage, as well as to reduce facial redness such as rosacea and flushing. Curcuma longa and

Curcuma aeruginosa, as well as curcumin, have been shown to have dermatological effects such
as affecting hyaluronan production, enhancing skin hydration, and lowering axillary hair

development. Curcuma has also been shown to reduce thickness, erythema, pruritus, burning,

and pain in psoriasis lesions and ameliorate radiodermatitis lesions. The results reveal that

Curcuma species may play a role in skin health management and have a variety of

dermatological effects, making it a potential new therapeutic arsenal for dermatologists.

Nonetheless, more clinical trials with humans are needed to determine the best administration

mechanism and dosage for various dermatological disorders (Barbalho et al., 2021).

Topical curcumin has been associated with contact urticaria, both immunologic and non-

immunologic. Allergic contact dermatitis to turmeric or curcumin with positive patch tests has

been documented in a variety of contexts. It has also been associated with tetrahydro curcumin,

which is utilized as an antioxidant in sunscreen. Kumkum can induce allergic and pigmented

contact dermatitis; however, the allergens vary. The observed allergic and pigmented contact

dermatitis with turmeric (Gopinath et al., 2018).

 Chapter III
Methodology

Research Design

To evaluate the efficacy of turmeric in skincare products, the research design includes

experimental procedures such as gas chromatography. Gas chromatography is the qualitative

examination of several solvent extracts of turmeric for the presence of particular chemicals

related to skincare.

Research Locale

The experiment will be conducted at Science Laboratory of La Purisima High School,

located at F. Marcos St., Western, Wao, Lanao Del Sur.

Figure 2: The Research Locale Map

Plant Material

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), which will be grown after being purchased as a rhizome

from agricultural marketplaces. Soak organic rhizomes in a water solution overnight before

planting them in compost-rich soil. Then pre-sprout them till they emerge from the nodules.

Once in the soil, avoid overwatering, or the rhizomes may rot, as it is a tropical plant (Mossati et

al., 2023).

Materials and Reagents

This study will use a crockpot, silicone mixing spoons, mixing bowls, stick blenders,

scales, stoves, and pots for a double boiler. Curcuma longa L., which has anti-inflammatory and

antioxidant properties, will be extracted using water, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and

ethanol.
Methods

The fresh turmeric was washed, chopped into small pieces, and subjected to extraction

using solvents such as water, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Extracts were

obtained and filtered to remove solid impurities. Concentration of the filtered extracts was done

using a crockpot. Purification involved chromatographic techniques like column chromatography

to isolate desired compounds (Shuang et al., 2023).

Figure 3: The Extraction Process

Extraction

Among the several extraction methods, such as Solvent-Extraction Method (SEE),

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE), Solvent-

Extraction Method (SEE) is the most popular for extracting turmeric due to its low cost and ease

of usage. Extraction temperatures range from 50◦C to 100◦C, with extraction times ranging from

1 h to 5 h and yields ranging from 6.83% to 12.13%. It is worth mentioning that in an alkaline

environment, turmeric cells are more easily damaged, and turmeric extraction rates are higher.

The study found that turmeric yielded 6.83±0.54% when extracted with distilled water and

11.38±1.17% when extracted with alkaline water (Shuang et al., 2023).

References

Abd El‐Hack, M. E., El‐Saadony, M. T., Swelum, A. A., Arif, M., Abo Ghanima, M. M.,

Shukry, M., … & El‐Tarabily, K. A. (2021). Curcumin, the active substance of turmeric: its

effects on health and ways to improve its bioavailability. Journal of the Science of Food and

Agriculture, 101(14), 5747-5762. Retrieved from

“https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jsfa.11372”

Akaberi, M., Sahebkar, A., & Emami, S. A. (2021). Turmeric and curcumin: from

traditional to modern medicine. Studies on Biomarkers and New Targets in Aging Research in

Iran: Focus on Turmeric and Curcumin, 15-39. Retrieved from

“https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_2”

Al-Busaid, M. M., Akhtar, M. S., Alam, T., & Shehata, W. A. (2020). Development and

evaluation of herbal cream containing Curcumin from Curcuma longa. Pharm Pharmacol Int J,

8(5), 285-289. Retrieved from “https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr-Tanveer-

Alam/publication/347156159_Development_and_evaluation_of_herbal_cream_containing_Curc

umin_from_Curcuma_longa/links/5fd866aea6fdccdcb8c9cbd8/Development-and-evaluation-of-

herbal-cream-containing-Curcumin-from-Curcuma-longa.pdf”

Alwan Abid, T., & Fadhil Abdul-zahra, H. (2022). Turmeric extract ointment for

treatment of open wound. AL-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, 21(2), 126-

137. Retrieved from https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/a9281438ff1ca352

Barbalho, S. M., de Sousa Gonzaga, H. F., de Souza, G. A., de Alvares Goulart, R., de

Sousa Gonzaga, M. L., & de Alvarez Rezende, B. (2021). Dermatological effects of Curcuma
species: a systematic review. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 46(5), 825-833. Retrieved

from “https://academic.oup.com/ced/article-abstract/46/5/825/6598316”

Bijakal, B. S., Kaur, N., & Gill, R. I. S. (2019). Evaluation of turmeric (Curcuma longa

L.) varieties for yield and quality parameters under poplar-based agroforestry system. Indian

Journal of Agroforestry, 21(2), 29-34. Retrieved from

“https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijaf&volume=21&issue=2&article=005”

Gopinath, H., & Karthikeyan, K. (2018). Turmeric: A condiment, cosmetic and cure.

Indian journal of Dermatology, venereology and leprology, 84, 16. Retrieved from

“https://ijdvl.com/turmeric-a-condiment-cosmetic-and-cure”

Hosseini, A., & Hosseinzadeh, H. (2018). Antidotal or protective effects of Curcuma

longa (turmeric) and its active ingredient, curcumin, against natural and chemical toxicities: A

review. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy, 99, 411-421. Retrieved from

“https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332217349909”

Hu, Wenjing & Yu, Aiqi & Wang, Shuang & Bai, Qianxiang & Tang, Haipeng & Yang,

Bingyou & Wang, Meng & Kuang, Haixue. (2023). Extraction, Purification, Structural

Characteristics, Biological Activities, and Applications of the Polysaccharides from Zingiber

officinale Roscoe. (Ginger): A Review. Molecules. 28. 3855. 10.3390/molecules28093855.

Retrieved from “https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Methods-for-extraction-and-purification-of-

ginger-polysaccharides_fig2_370581889”

Kuddushi, M., Patel, N. K., Gawali, S. L., Mata, J. P., Montes-Campos, H., Varela, L.

M., … & Malek, N. I. (2020). Thermo-switchable de novo ionogel as metal absorbing and
curcumin loaded smart bandage material. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 306, 112922. Retrieved

from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167732219359100

Le, K. M., Trinh, N. T., Nguyen, V. D. X., Van Nguyen, T. D., Thi Nguyen, T. H., Van

Vo, T., … & Vong, L. B. (2021). Investigating the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin-

loaded silica-containing redox nanoparticles. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2021, 1-11. Retrieved

from “https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/2021/6655375/”

Margiana, R., Alawiyah, K., Kusumaningtyas, S., & Ima, K. (2021). An analytic study on

gap-43 and s100 expression on injured sciatic nerve treated with curcumin. Annals of the

Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 2616-2624. Retrieved from

http://annalsofrscb.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/372

Mata, I. R. D., Mata, S. R. D., Menezes, R. C. R., Faccioli, L. S., Bandeira, K. K., &

Bosco, S. M. D. (2021). Benefits of turmeric supplementation for skin health in chronic diseases:

a systematic review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 61(20), 3421-3435.

Retrieved from “https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408398.2020.1798353”

Mathew, D., & Hsu, W. L. (2018). Antiviral potential of curcumin. Journal of functional

foods, 40, 692-699. Retrieved from

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464617307399

Mossati, C., & Mossati, C. (2024, February 5). How to Grow Turmeric. The Gourmantic

Garden. Retrieved from https://thegourmanticgarden.com/how-to-grow-turmeric/

Nakhaei, P., Margiana, R., Bokov, D. O., Abdelbasset, W. K., Kouhbanani, M. A. J.,

Varma, R. S., … & Beheshtkhoo, N. (2021). Liposomes: structure, biomedical applications, and

stability parameters with emphasis on cholesterol. Frontiers in bioengineering and

biotechnology,9.Retrivedfrom“https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=%

28Margiana+et+al.%2C+2021%29+curcumin&oq=marg#d=gs_qabs&t=1716619442754&u=%2

3p%3DzWWOG7CmBwYJ”

Niculet, E., Neculia, G. V., Tatu, A. L., & Buzia, O. D. (2018). Curcumin-extraction,

physical and chemical analysis, formulas and control. Basic methods for further research. Mater

Plast, 55, 672-675. Retrieved from

“https://www.academia.edu/download/66791448/NICULET_204_2018.pdf.”

Pontes-Quero, G. M., Benito-Garzón, L., Cano, J. P., Aguilar, M. R., & Vázquez-Lasa, B.

(2021). Amphiphilic polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin: Antioxidant, anti-

inflammatory and biocompatibility studies. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 121, 111793.

Retrieved from “https://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/235366/3/825488.zip”

Rinkunaite, I., Simoliunas, E., Alksne, M., Dapkute, D., & Bukelskiene, V. (2021). Anti-

inflammatory effect of different curcumin preparations on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.

BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 21, 1-12. Retrieved from

“https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-021-03207-3”

Rolfe, V. (2022). A quality assessment of a sample of herbal medicine systematic reviews

using R-AMSTAR. Phytomedicine Plus, 2(4), 100380. Retrieved from

“https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=108166”

Sahoo, J. P., Behera, L., Praveena, J., Sawant, S., Mishra, A., Sharma, S. S., ... & Samal,

K. C. (2021). The golden spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its feasible benefits in prospering

human health—a review. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 12(3), 455-475. Retrieved from

“https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=108166”
 Sharifi-Rad, J., Rayess, Y. E., Rizk, A. A., Sadaka, C., Zgheib, R., Zam, W., … &

Martins, N. (2020). Turmeric and its major compound curcumin on health: bioactive effects and

safety profiles for food, pharmaceutical, biotechnological and medicinal applications. Frontiers

in pharmacology, 11, 01021. Retrieved from

“https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2020.01021/full”

Singletary, K. (2020). Turmeric: potential health benefits. Nutrition Today, 55(1), 45-56.

Retrieved from

“https://journals.lww.com/nutritiontodayonline/fulltext/2020/01000/Turmeric__Potential_Health

_Benefits.9.aspx?crsi=662497076&cicada_org_src=healthwebmagazine.com&cicada_org_mdm

=direct”