PRACTICE TEST 28-8

A. LISTENING
Part 1. You will hear a radio interview in which two young journalists — called Angus Brown and
Yolanda Zouche — are talking about their work. For questions 11-15, choose the answers which fit
best according to what you hear. In Yolanda’s opinion, what is the most challenging aspect of her job?
A. finding suitable images to accompany articles
B. trying to locate interviewees
C. expressing herself coherently within a tight word limit
D. working to demanding time constraints
11. What is it about their work that Angus and Yolanda both enjoy?
A. the variety of the projects they get involved in
B. the challenge of reporting news effectively
C. the opportunity to meet interesting people
D. the appeal of searching out information
12. In Angus’s opinion, the advantage of online newspapers over print versions is that they _______.
A. are able to cover a greater range of topics.
B. can keep up with events as they develop.
C. allow interaction by readers.
D. reach a far wider public.
13. What made getting a job in journalism so hard for Angus?
A. the extent of competition for posts
B. a low level of encouragement from others
C. a lack of previous professional experience
D. the difficulty of establishing useful contacts
14. Yolanda believes that the essential requirement for a journalist entering the profession is ______.
A. an ability to write persuasively.
B. a clear and logical mind.
C. a resourceful and confident character.
D. a mastery of interviewing techniques.
Part 2. You will listen to a recording about co-teaching in Herdorn Middle School. For questions 16-
25, complete the summary by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in each gap.
16. Co-teaching is a model of _instructional delivery in which two certified teachers work together in a
classroom which contains students of varying levels of need and ability.
17. There is no clear delineation between the roles of the teachers in the classroom.
18. Each team often comprises a content area GENERAL EDUCATOR_ and a special education
teacher.
19. The first teacher loves talking about individual students through all phases_.
20. She also appreciates _FLEXIBLE GROUPING__ as a good way to help struggling students.
21. The second teacher can get the information or _LESSON PLAN IDEA_ from another teacher, which
is like crosspollinating.
22. Herdorn Middle School receives extra support to meet __STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
BENCHMARKS
23. Teachers are confident that the ACHIEVEMENT GAP_ will be further narrowed.
24. The method helps dispel MISCONCEPTIONS_ before students start practicing.
25. By not _SEPARATING_ students, they can learn together and build on each other’s strengths.

B. LEXICO - GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose one of the words marked A, B, C, or D which best completes each of the following
sentences. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. (20 points)
1. What a coincidence this is! It's so strange that you _________be staying in the same hotel as us.
A. should B. must C. ought to D. can
2. This sweater is made of _________ wool.
A. pure B. a pure C. some pure D. a piece of pure
3. For years, the government has been _________ corruption within its own party. It's time that changed.
A. making a fat view of B. taking a blind look a
C. taking a fat look at D. turning a blind eye to
4. Not only _________ the accident, he later denied that he had been driving the car.
A. he failed in reporting B. did he fail to report
C. was he failing in reporting D. he was failing to report
5. We need someone who is a good engineer as well as an efficient manager. In my opinion, this
candidate is _________
A. neither B. none C. not one or other D. neither one nor other
6. The river has risen to _________ level for this time of year. I've never seen anything like it.
A. an extremely surprised B. an extremely astonished
C. a surprisingly extreme D. an extremely surprising
7. A meeting of EU foreign ministers should go some way _________ clarifying the situation.
A. to B. into C. towards D. by
8. It was poverty that had _________ him to crime.
A. brought B. driven C. induced D. compelled
9. There was widespread outrage when it was discovered that a known pedophile had been given a job at
the school. “You don’t let the ______ guard the henhouse” said one of the protesters.
A. fox B. cat C. duck D. fish
10. The new personnel manager had to deal with a strike threat on her first day. Talk about being thrown
in at the _________ end!
A. steep B. deep C. far D. low
11. The sudden, tragic death of the young princess sparked off a feeding _________ in the media.
A. spasm B. turmoil C. frenzy D. fever
12. In the hands of a reckless driver, a car becomes a_________ weapon.
A. lethal B. fatal C. mortal D. deadening
13. That boy's always been in trouble. Sooner or later he's going to _________ in prison. Mark my
words.
A. wind up B. grow up C. turn out D. live up
14. If you _________ in arriving late, you'll be fired.
A. persevere B. insist C. prevail D. persist
15. The committee chose him because he _________ the right man for the job.
A. was felt to be B. felt that he was
C. was felt that he was D. felt that he were
16. Through _________, small businesses have become the victims of greedy bankers.
A. no fault on their own B. not their own fault
C. no own fault of theirs D. no fault of their own
17. Reporters often investigate the lives of celebrities simply on the _________ that they might discover
something scandalous.
A. upshot B. up-chance C. off-chance D. off-shot
18. We started off walking _________, but after an hour we had slowed down to a snail's pace.
A. heartily B. sharply C. briskly D. crisply
19. All the other people at the meeting, without exception, were wearing suits and ties. In my jeans and
T-shirt I stuck out like a _________ thumb.
A. sore B. swollen C. throbbing D. wounded
20. Pupils said they preferred hearing a story read out to them _________ it themselves.
A. than reading B. to reading C. than read D. to read
Part 2. Read the passage below which contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the
corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes.
LINE TEXT
1 Quotations and sayings are part of our language and our way of life. As the poet
2 Emerson says, we use them by necessity, to remind ourselves to look before we
3 leap or avoid crossing our bridges before we come to them. We use them in habit,
4 often not realize we are doing so, and we all love to use an apt quotation to live
5 conversation or score a point in an argument. The booklet contains over a
6 thousand quotations, proverbs and sayings. Altogether, they offer a great deal of
 7 the information, advice, amusement and comfort. Emerson writes: “I hate
8 quotations” so it is undoubtful that he would have used this book-but we hope
9 that you will. That you use it to improve your knowledge, as an aid to solving
10 crossword puzzles to enrich your own speech or simple for idle reading in your
11 spare time, it will put you on touch with some of the cleverest minds of the past
and at present. Happy reading and happy quoting!

C. READING

Part 1. For questions 1–10, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each
gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: (0): D. far
How (0) ______ should members of the public have to run the (1) ______ of personal harm
where scientific or technical innovation is (2) ______? In some legal systems, including European
Union law, the (3) ______ of the precautionary principle is a statutory requirement. The precautionary
principle advises society to be cautious about a technology or practice where there is scientific
uncertainty, ignorance, gaps in knowledge or the (4) ______ of unforeseen outcomes.
This runs counter (5) ______ the optimistic notion that any (6) ______ effects that arise
unintentionally can be addressed. Indeed, some claim these may provide an opportunity to (7) ______
new solutions, and in this way contribute to economic growth. For this reason, the US chamber of
Commerce dislikes the precautionary approach and prefers the use of (8) ______ science, cost- benefit
analysis and risk assessment when assessing a particular regulatory issue. Its strategy is (9) ______ to
“oppose the domestic and international adoption of the precautionary principle as a basis for regulatory
decision making.” Yet history reminds us that asbestos, halocarbons and PCBs seemed like miracle
substances at first, but turned out to be (10) ______ problematic for human and environmental health.
(Adapted from www.hse.gov.uk)
0. A. much B. longC. fast D. far
1. A. risk B. danger C. hazard D. peril
2. A. analyzed B. concerned C. addressed D. discussed
3. A. operationB. utilization C. employment D. application
4. A. likelihood B. probability C. tendency D. trend
5. A. for B. to C. with D. about
6. A. contrary B. unfortunate C. adverse D. opposing
7. A. develop B. establish C. evolve D. advance
8. A. appropriate B. sensible C. sound D. tactical
9. A. however B. thereby C. therefore D. yet
10. A. highly B. exceedinglyC. extensively D. intensely

Part 2. Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap.
Getting ready for Mars
The Mars 500 project (1) _was_ an experiment that simulated a return mission to Mars. Spending 18
months in a sealed facility in Moscow (2) _without_ access to natural light or fresh air, six men were
monitored as they attended (3) _to_ their daily duties. A study into (4) __how_ each of them coped with
the psychological and physical constraints of the mission has found that there were wide differences in
their wake-sleep patterns. For example, (5) _while_ most of the crew began to sleep for longer periods
as the mission progressed and boredom set in, one individual slept progressively less, resulting (6) _in_
him becoming chronically sleep-deprived towards the end of the (7) _experiment__. Identifying bad
sleepers could be important on a real Mars mission, during (8) _which_ people are required to be
constantly alert even when days are tediously similar. Researchers warn that for any astronaut heading to
Mars, exciting as the trip might initially seem, (9) _there_ could be problems with stress brought on by
the monotony of routine. However, they also report that (10) _despite_ some personal tensions between
crew members, there was overall harmony within the group.
Part 3. You are going to read an article about the history of the electric guitar. For questions 1-10,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.
SUPER HUMANS
Sit down with an anthropologist to talk about the nature of humans, and you are likely to hear this pearl
of wisdom: 'Well, you have to remember that 99 percent of human history was spent on the open
savanna in small bands of hunter-gatherers.' It's a classic scientific cliché, and it's true. Indeed, those
millions of ancestral years produced many of our hallmark traits — upright walking and big brains, for
instance. Of course, those useful evolutionary innovations come at a price: aching backs from our
bipedal stance and existential despair from our large, self-contemplative cerebral cortex.

Compounding the challenges of those trade-offs, the world we have invented is dramatically different
from the one to which our bodies and minds are adapted. Have your dinner delivered to you instead of
chasing it down on foot; log in to Facebook to interact with your nearest and dearest instead of spending
most of the day with them. But this is where the utility of the anthropologist's cliche for explaining the
human condition ends.(1)

The reason for this mismatch between the setting we evolved to live in and the situations we encounter
in our modern era derives from another defining characteristic of our kind, arguably the most important
one: our impulse to push beyond the limitations evolution imposed on us by developing tools to make us
faster, smarter and longer-lived. Science is one such tool — an invention that requires us to break out of
our Stone Age seeing-is-believing mindset(2) so that we can clearly see the next hurdle we have to
overcome, be it a pandemic flu or climate change. You could call it the ultimate expression of
humanity's singular drive to aspire to be better than we are.

To understand how natural selection moulded us into the unique primates we have become, let us return
to the ancestral savanna. There the sun was hotter and nutritious plant foods were scarcer. In response,
our predecessors lost their hair and their molars dwindled as they abandoned a tough vegetarian diet for
one focused in part on meat from grassland grazers. Meanwhile, the selective demands of food scarcities
sculpted our distant forebears into having a body that was extremely thrifty and good at storing calories.
Now, having inherited that same metabolism, we hunt and gather burgers as diabetes becomes a
worldwide scourge. Or consider how our immune systems evolved in a world where one hardly ever
encountered someone carrying a novel pathogen. Today, if you sneeze near someone in an airport, your
rhinovirus could be set free 12 time zones away by the next day.

As regards behavior, our abilities abound. We can follow extraordinarily complex scenarios of social
interaction and figure out if a social contract has been violated. And we are peerless when it comes to
facial recognition: we even have an area of the cortex in the fusiform gyrus that specializes in this
activity.

The selective advantages of evolving a highly social brain are obvious. It paved the way for us to
finetune our capabilities for reading one another's mental states, to excel at social manipulation and to
deceive and attract mates and supporters. Among Americans, the extent of social intelligence in youth is
a better predictor of adult success in the occupational world than are academic scores. Indeed, when it
comes to social intelligence in primates, humans reign supreme. The social brain hypothesis of primate
evolution is built on the fact that across primate species the percentage of the brain devoted to the
neocortex correlates with the average size of the social group of that species. This correlation is more
dramatic in humans than in any other primate species.

The fact that we have created this world proves a point — namely, that it is in our nature to be
unconstrained by our nature. Science is one of the strangest, newest domains where we challenge our
hominid limits. It also tests our sense of what is the norm, what counts as better than well and it
challenges our sense of who we are. Thanks to science, human life expectancy keeps extending, our
average height increases, our intelligence test scores improve and we eventually break every world
record. But when it comes to humans becoming, on average, smarter, taller and better at athletics, there
is a problem: Who cares about the average? As individuals, we want to be better than other individuals.
Our brain is invidious, comparative and more interested in contrasts, a state that begins with sensory
systems that do not normally tell us about the quality of a stimulus but instead about the quality relative
to the stimuli around it.

1. According to the writer, the anthropological cliché to explain the nature of mankind ______.
A. needs some slight modifications
B. requires little analysis
C. should be considered paradoxical
D. is limited in scope
2. Humankind will only be able to use science to progress if ______.
A. ethical considerations are ignored
B. we discard an outdated approach to acquiring knowledge
C. our drive to eliminate barriers continues
D. the philosophy we adopt can be widely understood
3. Our ancient ancestors lived in a world where ______.
A. the necessity to hunt for food led to good health
B. it was vitally important to have a balanced diet
C. isolation allowed them to develop immunity from disease
D. their restricted movement protected them from illness
4. The word “peerless” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. friendless
B. unsurpassed
C. uncompetitive
D. flawless
5. Having a highly social brain ______.
A. allows us to create groups with more members
B. prevents us from being misunderstood
C. causes us to be more devious
D. helps us to read other people's minds
6. The way we tend to think ______.
A. forces us to overlook our shortcomings
B. has enhanced our understanding of sense perception
C. distorts our perception of the notion of average
D. makes us less likely to be concerned with absolutes
7. The word “invidious” in paragraph 7 mostly means ______.
A. prejudiced
B. preordained
C. unfathomable
D. attitudinal
8. Which of the following square brackets [A], [B], [C], or [D] best indicates where in the
paragraph the sentence "We are no strangers to going out of bounds." can be inserted?
[A] The fact that we have created this world proves a point — namely, that it is in our nature to be
unconstrained by our nature. [B] Science is one of the strangest, newest domains where we challenge
our hominid limits. It also tests our sense of what is the norm, what counts as better than well and it
challenges our sense of who we are. [C] Thanks to science, human life expectancy keeps extending, our
average height increases, our intelligence test scores improve and we eventually break every world
record. [D] But when it comes to humans becoming, on average smarter, taller and better at athletics,
there is a problem: Who cares about the average? As individuals, we want to be better than other
individuals. Our brain is invidious, comparative and more interested in contrasts, a state that begins with
sensory systems that do not normally tell us about the quality of a stimulus but instead about the quality
relative to the stimuli around it.
A. [A] B. [B] C. [C] D. [D]
9. It can be inferred from the passage that
A. there are no limits to human capabilities
B. we will be able to adapt to harsh environments
C. humankind's evolutionary path will not be smooth
D. our knowledge of the past is crucial to our future
10. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A. Social intelligence enables Americans to be both academically and professionally successful.
B. Science helps prolong human life and improve human intelligence to break all world records.
C. Our evolutionary limits can be exceeded and that's what sets us apart from other species.
D. A highly evolved social brain paved the way for humans to be able to read and distort others'
thinking.

Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow.
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Broadly speaking, proponents of CSR have used four arguments to make their case: moral obligation,
sustainability, license to operate, and reputation. The moral appeal – arguing that companies have a
duty to be good citizens and to “do the right thing” – is prominent in the goal of Business for Social
Responsibility, the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United States. It asks that its
members “achieve commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people,
communities, and the natural environment.” Sustainability emphasizes the environment and community
stewardship.
A
An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem
Brundtland and used by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development: “Meeting the needs
of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” The
notion of a license to operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission
from governments, communities, and numerous other stakeholders to do business. Finally, reputation is
used by many companies to justify CSR initiatives on the grounds that they will improve a company’s
image, strengthen its brand, enliven morale, and even raise the value of its stock.
B
To advance CSR, we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation
and society while at the same time anchoring it in the strategies and activities of specific companies. To
say broadly that business and society need each other might seem like a cliché, but it is also the basic
truth that will pull companies out of the muddle that their current corporate-responsibility thinking has
created. Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education, health care, and equal opportunity
are essential to a productive workforce. Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers
but lower the internal costs of accidents. Efficient utilization of land, water, energy, and other natural
resources makes business more productive. Good government, the rule of law, and property rights are
essential for efficiency and innovation. Strong regulatory standards protect both consumers and
competitive companies from exploitation. Ultimately, a healthy society creates expanding demand for
business, as more human needs are met and aspirations grow. Any business that pursues its ends at the
expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary.
At the same time, a healthy society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the
business sector when it comes to creating the jobs, wealth, and innovation that improve standards of
living and social conditions over time.
C
A company’s impact on society also changes over time, as social standards evolve and science
progresses. Asbestos, now understood as a serious health risk, was thought to be safe in the early 1900s,
given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50
years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that failed to anticipate
the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupted by the results. No longer can
companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for
identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow, firms may risk their very survival.
D
No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead, each company must
select issues that intersect with its particular business. Other social agendas are best left to those
companies in other industries, NGOs, or government institutions that are better positioned to address
them. The essential test that should guide CSR is not whether a cause is worthy but whether it presents
an opportunity to create shared value – that is, a meaningful benefit for society that is also valuable to
the business. However, Corporations are not responsible for all the world’s problems, nor do they have
the resources to solve them all. Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it
is best equipped to help resolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit. Addressing
social issues by creating shared value will lead to self-sustaining solutions that do not depend on private
or government subsidies. When a well-run business applies its vast resources, expertise, and
management talent to problems that it understands and in which it has a stake, it can have a greater
impact on social good than any other institution or philanthropic organization.
E
The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check: They specify clear,
measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is GE’s program to adopt
underperforming public high schools near several of its major U.S. facilities. The company contributes
between $250,000 and $1 million over a five-year period to each school and makes in-kind donations as
well. GE managers and employees take an active role by working with school administrators to assess
needs and mentor or tutor students. In an independent study of ten schools in the program between 1989
and 1999, nearly all showed significant improvement, while the graduation rate in four of the five worst-
performing schools doubled from an average of 30% to 60%. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives
such as this one create goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important
constituencies. What’s more, GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect is
inherently limited, however. No matter how beneficial the program is, it remains incidental to the
company’s business, and the direct effect on GE’s recruiting and retention is modest.
F
Microsoft’s Working Connections partnership with the American Association of Community Colleges
(AACC) is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context. The
shortage of information technology workers is a significant constraint on Microsoft’s growth; currently,
there are more than 450,000 unfilled IT positions in the United States alone. Community colleges, with
an enrollment of 11.6 million students, representing 45% of all U.S. undergraduates, could be a major
solution. Microsoft recognizes, however, that community colleges face special challenges: IT curricula
are not standardized, the technology used in classrooms is often outdated, and there are no systematic
professional development programs to keep faculty up to date. Microsoft’s $50 million five-year
initiative was aimed at all three problems. In addition to contributing money and products, Microsoft
sent employee volunteers to colleges to assess needs, contribute to curriculum development, and create
faculty development institutes. Note that in this case, volunteers and assigned staff were able to use their
core professional skills to address a social need, a far cry from typical volunteer programs. Microsoft has
achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct – and potentially
significant – impact on the company.
G
At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition: a set of needs a company can meet for its
chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social
dimension to its value proposition, making social impact integral to the overall strategy. Consider Whole
Foods Market, whose value proposition is to sell organic, natural, and healthy food products to
customers who are passionate about food and the environment. The company’s sourcing emphasizes
purchases from local farmers through each store’s procurement process. Buyers screen out foods
containing any of nearly 100 common ingredients that the company considers unhealthy or
environmentally damaging. The same standards apply to products made internally. Whole Foods’
commitment to natural and environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing.
Stores are constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently, the company purchased
renewable wind energy credits equal to 100% of its electricity use in all of its stores and facilities, the
only Fortune 500 company to offset its electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled produce and
biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting. Whole Foods’ vehicles are being
converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used in its stores are environmentally friendly.
And through its philanthropy, the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation to develop
more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals. In short, nearly every aspect of the company’s
value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its value proposition, distinguishing Whole Foods from
its competitors.

Questions 14-20
The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-G
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-G from the list below.
Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i How CSR may help one business to expand
ii CSR in many aspects of a company’s business
iii A CSR initiative without a financial gain
iv Lack of action by the state of social issues
v Drives or pressures motivate companies to address CSR
vi the past illustrates business are responsible for future outcomes
vii Companies applying CSR should be selective
viii Reasons that business and society benefit each other
14 Paragraph A
15 Paragraph B
16 Paragraph C
17 Paragraph D
18 Paragraph E
19 Paragraph F
20 Paragraph G

Questions 21-22
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage
Using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 21-22 on your answer sheet.
The implement of CSR, HOW?
Promotion of CSR requires the understanding of the interdependence between business and society.
Corporations workers’ productivity generally needs health care, Education, and
given 21……………………… Restrictions imposed by government and companies both protect
consumers from being treated unfairly. Improvement of the safety standard can reduce
the 22……………………… of accidents in the workplace. Similarly, society becomes a pool of more
human needs and aspirations.
Questions 23-26
Use the information in the passage to match the companies (listed A-C) with opinions or deeds below.
Write the appropriate letters A, B or C in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
List of companies
A General Electronics
B Microsoft
C Whole foods market
NB You may use any letter more than once
23 The disposable waste
24 The way company purchases as goods
25 Helping the undeveloped
26 ensuring the people have the latest information

You are going to read a text about eternal youth. For questions 44-53, choose from the sections A-
F.
Forever Young
A The dream of youth is as old as time, and people have gone to great lengths to preserve themselves. It
is said that Cleopatra bathed daily in milk to preserve the beauty two great Romans fell in love with.
Countess Erszebet Bathory of Hungary was said to have drunk the blood of hundreds of young women
in the mistaken belief that it would keep her like them; it is from here, among other sources, that the
legend of the vampire came from. Indeed, literature abounds with such stories; The Picture of Dorian
Gray by Oscar Wilde is one — it recounts the story of a beautiful young man who makes a deal so that
his portrait grows old instead of him.
B It was not until the twentieth century that the health care industry branched out into the preservation of
the body, producing the efficacious, and most profitable arm of medicine today. Treatments generally
rely on plastic surgery of one sort or another; facelifts, tummy-tucks, liposuction and the like. Your local
chemist will also testify that anti-wrinkle creams sell well, and pills containing vitamin boosts,
hormones and herbal concoctions can keep you looking good all the way to the end.
C But there lies the problem. The average lifespan is about 70 years, the maximum 120-odd. We don't
even rank at the top of the animal kingdom —giant tortoises get up to 150 often enough, and the giant
clam 200 (though both have low-stress lifestyles). So the quest of the ages has always been for
immortality as well as youth, and the traditional paths to this are two. The first is religion and either
everlasting life after death or reincarnation. The other method is by way of people's minds; the
immortality of fame. As long as people talk about you, you live; Shakespeare is not called the Immortal
Bard for nothing. To be gone from the minds of the collective unconscious is to truly die.
D But neither option is enough for some people. As Woody Allen said, 'I don't want to achieve
immortality through my work. I want to achieve immortality by not dying.' Many people throughout
history have felt the same way, and have striven to find a way to reach this most happy of goals. The
Chinese thought the precious metal gold was the key, to be drunk down as dust in a liquid suspension.
The alchemists, ancestors of present-day chemists, felt that since they believed that base metals such as
lead could become gold, so gold could be refined into the most precious material of all: the
Philosopher's Stone, source of eternal youth.
E Today the search continues. People who are close to death even have the choice of cryonics; to have
their bodies or just their heads frozen solid, to be thawed out once science has solved the problems of
disease and old age. And it is hard at work; the science of genetics is looking into the possibility of there
being some kind of trigger in our chromosomes which tells our bodies to start to slow down and wrinkle
up. If it is found, the theory goes, couldn't it be switched off? Computer technology, too, is on the act.
Once the necessary level of complexity has been reached, couldn't our personalities be simply
downloaded onto a hard drive, to live there in the machine for all time?
F There is a warning, however, in every tale and myth of eternal life; that those who lose that fear or
knowledge of death cease to be fully human. Dorian Gray lived for his pleasure and his needs alone, no
matter what suffering they caused. The vampire, of course, has eternal life (being undead), but preys on
the living and is hunted by them. The one thing we know for sure is that one day we will die. Is it not
this knowledge that fills us with the urge to create beyond ourselves, leave something behind, whether in
the form of stories, inventions, children or whatever? And is it not in these that our greatest
achievements lie?
In which section are the following mentioned?
44 a belief that converting metallic substances could provide the key to everlasting youth
45 those who attain eternal youth in literature pay for it with their humanity
46 medical procedures are effective in creating a youthful appearance
47 the realisation of immortality through making your mark on history
48 individuals being preserved in the hope of medical breakthroughs resulting in extending their lives
49 the prevalence of the preoccupation with immortality in written works
50 our mortal state inspiring us to great heights
51 how products which promise to retain youth are extremely lucrative
52 not being content at the achievement of immortality through enduring fame
53 the conviction that immortality is obtainable in the afterlife

D. WRITING
Part 1. Rewrite each sentence using the word in brackets so that the meaning stays the same. You
must use between TWO and SIX words, including the word given.
1. Some people say that Tsiolkovsky invented the space rocket. (credited)

Tsiolkovsky is ____________________________ the invention of the space rocket.

2. She made sure everyone knew she was there as soon as she entered the building. (PRESENCE)
 No sooner _____________________________________________.
3.Whether his arrogance was fake or genuine, it only masked his insecurity. (BE)
Behind _______________________________________________.
3. A reliable source told me that the local newspaper is going to shut down. AUTHORITY
 I ……………………………………….. that the local newspaper is going to shut down.
4. The parents of that girl are furious about her expulsion. ARMS
 That’s the girl ……………………………………….. about her expulsion.
5. Honestly, it was impossible not to laugh when Mrs. Harrison slipped in the corridor.
FACE
 Honestly, ……………………………………….. was impossible when Mrs. Harrison slipped in the
corridor.

Part 2. The news company is going to start a new program on TV about a particular place. Write a
letter to offer your suggestions on what the program should be like.
In your letter, you should tell:
 how you know about that place
 what suggestions you would like to make
 why you are offering these suggestions.

Part 3. Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic.

Do you think the increasing dependence on modern technology at the expense of real social
relationship is a cause for concern? Give specific examples to support your answer.