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Lecture - 10 8 January 2024

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Lecture - 10 8 January 2024

Uploaded by

Raiyan Asad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elastic Constant:

• A composite lamina is anisotropic in nature. For material, there are 5 independent elastic
constants
1. Longitudinal Young’s Modulus (E1)
2. Transverse Young’s Modulus (E2)
3. Major Poisson’s Ratio (𝜈 12)
4. Minor Poisson’s Ratio (𝜈 21)
5. In plane Shear Modulus (G12)
Elastic Modulus of Unidirectional Composites:

∆l

σ1 σ1

L
Figure 1: Representative Volume Element (RVE)
Assumptions:

• Perfect bonding between fibers and matrix


• Strains are the same in the fibers and the matrix
• Both the fibers and matrix behave elastically
• Fibers are parallel
∆𝑙
𝜖1 = 𝜖𝑓 = 𝜖𝑚 =
𝐿
𝜎𝑓 = 𝐸𝑓 𝜖𝑓 = 𝐸𝑓 𝜖1

𝜎𝑚 = 𝐸𝑚 𝜖𝑚 = 𝐸𝑚 𝜖1
Total force applied on the composite will be shared by fibers and matrix
𝑃 = 𝑃𝑓 + 𝑃𝑚
𝐴1 𝜎1 = 𝐴𝑓 𝜎𝑓 + 𝐴𝑚 𝜎𝑚
𝐴𝑓 𝐴𝑚
𝜎1 = 𝜎𝑓 + 𝜎
𝐴1 𝐴1 𝑚
𝜎1 = 𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓 + 𝑉𝑚 𝜎𝑚

𝜎1 𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓 𝑉𝑚 𝜎𝑚
= +
𝜀1 𝜀1 𝜀1
𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓 𝑉𝑚 𝜎𝑚
𝐸1 = +
𝜀𝑓 𝜀𝑚

𝐸1 = 𝑉𝑓 𝐸𝑓 + 𝑉𝑚 𝐸𝑚

𝐸1 = 𝑉𝑓 𝐸𝑓 + (1 − 𝑉𝑓 )𝐸𝑚 (If there is no void)

Ef

E1

Em

1
Vf
Figure 2: Linear relation between E1 and Vf

Fraction of load carried by fibers:


𝑃𝑓 𝐴𝑓 𝜎𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓
= = = =
𝑃1 𝐴1 𝜎1 𝜎1 𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓 + 𝑉𝑚 𝜎𝑚 𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓 + (1 − 𝑉𝑓 )𝜎𝑚

𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓
𝑃𝑓 𝜖1
=
𝑃1 𝑉𝑓 𝜎𝑓 (1 − 𝑉𝑓 )𝜎𝑚
𝜖1 + 𝜖1
𝑃𝑓 𝑉𝑓 𝐸𝑓
=
𝑃1 𝑉𝑓 𝐸𝑓 + (1 − 𝑉𝑓 )𝐸𝑚

𝑉𝑓 𝐸𝑓
𝑃𝑓 𝐸𝑚
=
𝑃1 𝑉𝑓 𝐸𝑓
𝐸𝑚 + (1 − 𝑉𝑓 )
𝐸
• In polymeric matrix composite, 𝐸 𝑓 > 10. Then for Vf =0.2, fibers carry more than 70% of
𝑚
composite load.
• Cylindrical Fibers can be theoretically packed to almost 90% volume faction. However, to allow
proper wetting of the fibers, the practical limit is about 80%

Young’s Modulus in Transverse Direction

σ2

Wf W

σ2
Figure 3: Stress in transverse direction
W = width of the composite
Wf = width of the fiber
Wm = width of the matrix

From mechanics of material approach, 𝜎2 = 𝜎𝑓 = 𝜎𝑚

∆𝑊 = ∆𝑊𝑓 + ∆𝑊𝑚

∆𝑊 ∆𝑊𝑓 ∆𝑊𝑚
= +
𝑊 𝑊 𝑊
∆𝑊𝑓 × 𝑊𝑓 ∆𝑊𝑚 × 𝑊𝑚
𝜀2 = +
𝑊𝑓 × 𝑊 𝑊𝑚 × 𝑊

𝜀2 = 𝜀𝑓 𝑉𝑓 + 𝜀𝑚 𝑉𝑚
𝜎2 𝜎𝑓 𝜎𝑚
= 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉
𝐸2 𝐸𝑓 𝐸𝑚 𝑚
𝜎2 𝜎2 𝜎2
= 𝑉𝑓 + 𝑉
𝐸2 𝐸𝑓 𝐸𝑚 𝑚

1 𝑉𝑓 𝑉𝑚
= +
𝐸2 𝐸𝑓 𝐸𝑚

1 𝑉𝑓 1 − 𝑉𝑓
= +
𝐸2 𝐸𝑓 𝐸𝑚

Ef

E1

Em E2

1
Vf
Figure 4: Relation between E2 and Vf
E2 is matrix dominated.

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