Form 1 CS Physics Notes
Form 1 CS Physics Notes
Form 1
Combined Science
Physics
Data presentation
Introduction
Data is the result of an observation through the senses, it can be
recorded to prevent it being lost.
Tallies
1. This is a way of keeping data in the form of marks on a recording
platform. It is the oldest means of recording quantities. Based on a
five finger hand counting system.
3. When four strokes have been marked, the fifth one is marked
across the first four to mark a set of five units. The fifth can be
horizontal or diagonal depending on the user’s preferences.
1 | 7 |||| ||
2 || 8 |||| |||
Making a tally
The following table lists people and their favourite fruits. Note that
it is not easy to see at a glance how many people like pears for
example.
We can employ the tally system that we learnt in the section above
to group the data into meaningful information.
To order the data we use the tally system as shown in the table
below.
FRUIT TALLY
Banana ||||
Paw-paw |
Orange ||
Grape ||||
Guava |||
Tables
Making A Table
We continue with our example to make the table.
NAME NUMBER
Apple 9
Banana 4
Pa-paw 1
Pear 15
Grape 4
Guava 3
Bar graphs
We can go a step further and present our data in a visual manner.
Bar graphs are used to array data in a pictorial form, to allow for
easy presentation and comparison.
Bar graphs are an easy way to present and compare varying values.
They are easy to interpret.
The result would be too many graphs that are difficult to interpret.
All bar graphs should have a title or heading, values on the x and y
axis and a key to show what the different colors represent.
Using our example of fruit choices we obtain the Bar graph shown
below in Fig 3.3.1
Fig
3.1.1:
Example 3.1.1
Data-presentation-Exercise 1
Answer the following questions. For each question there are four possible answers. Choose the one
you consider correct.
2) The bar chart below shows the number of people visiting a hair salon.
What does the key/legend tell you? What the chart is all about .
The days of the week.
The number of people who visited the hair salon.
What each bar color represents.
3) Study the tally chart below. Which color has the wrong number recorded in the total column?
5) A survey is done on what pupils do as part of their extra curricula activities. What is the total
number of pupils in the survey?
Activity Tally
Badminton |||| |
Football |||| ||
Gym |||| |||| ||
Swimming |||| |||| ||| 6
33
38
13
6) What is missing from the bar chart below?
8) The bar chart shows how form ones, twos and university graduates spend their time on the
computer as the day progresses. Which group does not use the computer in the morning
University graduates
Form twos
Form ones
10) From the chart below, how many more people live in houses than in bungalows?
Measurement
Introduction
The use of instruments to collect data about the state of matter is
called measuring.
Instruments
These are the material equipment used to accurately measure the
physical quantities. Some of these instruments are 30cm rule,
meter rule, thermometer, measuring cylinder, stopwatch (analog
and digital), and force meter.
Measurement of length
Length is the distance between two points.
1cm =10mm
1m =100cm
1m =1000mm
Fig
3.2.1:
Meter rule
Fig
3.2.2:
Taking measurements
Measuring accurately requires proper handling and reading of
instruments.
Temperature
Thermometer
This is a device used to measure temperature.
Clinical thermometer
This is mainly used to measure the body temperature of animals
and humans.
Clinical thermometer
Laboratory thermometer
o The laboratory thermometer has a wider range and responds
fast to the changes in temperature.
Laboratory thermometer
Volume
Measuring cylinder
This is an instrument used to measure volume of liquids
V o l u m e = π r 2 h πr2h w h e r e r i s t h e r a d i u s o f t h e b a s e
circle and h is the height. (Cylindrical shapes)
How to read values from a measuring cylinder
Volume
Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object.
First put water in measuring cylinder and record the first reading.
The difference between the first reading and the second is the
volume of the object.
Fig
3.2.7:
Density
In simple terms density is the relationship between mass and
volume.
D e n s i t y = ma ss / v o l u me
Density can be measured in g / c m 3 g/cm3.
Example:
T h e v o l u m e o f a b o o k i s 2 5 0 c m 3 250cm3 a n d i t s m a s s i s 5 0 0
grams. Calculate the density of the book.
D e n s i t y = 5 0 0 g 2 5 0 c m 3 500g250cm3
= 2 g / c m 3 2g/cm3
Fig
3.2.8:
Measuring cylinder
Time
The Stopwatch
It is the instrument used to record time in seconds.
Analog stopwatch
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 day = 24 hours
1 week = 7 days
1 year = 12 months
The pendulum
Instruments used to measure time are clocks and watches. These
include electronic devices crystal clocks.
o Repeat and record the times for three trials (to avoid random
errors) for a length.
Force Meter
This is an instrument used to measure force.
Weight is a force.
W = m g ( g = 1 0 m / s 2 10m/s2)
1 0 N = 1 k g × 1 0 m / s 2 10m/s2
Measuring Mass
Mass is the amount of matter in a substance.
1 kg = 1000g
1 tonne = 1000kg
However, if the small objects are many and are identical then you
can measure the mass of a group of them and then divide the
mass by the number of objects.
Example 1:
The mass of 500 maize seeds is 5000 grams. What is the
mass of 1 maize seed?
Mass of 1 maize seed = 5000g ÷ 500
= 10g
Example 2:
The thickness of 350 papers is 7cm. What is the
thickness of 1 paper?
Answer:
Thickness of 1 paper = 7cm ÷ 350
= 0,02cm
Fig 3.2.14: Electronic scales, measuring tools for very small quantities (masses).
Facts To Note
Measurement-Exercise 1
When the length of cotton is wound closely around a pen, it goes round six times.
2,2cm
2,6cm
13,2cm
15,6cm
2) A group of students were asked to read the diameter of sphere. Their eye positions are shown in
the diagram below.
3) A girl runs round a track three times. Her friend uses a stopwatch to record the time at the start
of the run, after one circuit, and at the end of the three circuits. The readings from the stopwatch
are shown.
What is the average time for one circuit of the track? 174 s
180 s
198 s
200 s
rule.PNG (9 KB)
The student writes down the length as 94.8 cm. Which statement is correct? The value is correct.
The value is incorrect because it should be 95.2 cm.
The value is incorrect because it should be in millimeters.
The value is incorrect because the student should subtract the reading for end Y from the reading
for end X.
5) A student uses a ruler to measure the length and the width of a small rectangular metal plate.
6) Which two quantities are measured in the same units? Weight and force
Acceleration and energy
Energy and force
Acceleration and weight
cm2
cm3
8) A length of copper pipe, of uniform cross-section and several metres long, carries water to a tap.
Measurements are taken to determine accurately the volume of copper in the pipe. Which
instruments are used? Calipers and micrometer
Micrometer and rule
Rule and tape
Tape and calipers
9) When using a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of a quantity of water. Which of the
following is not necessary? Reading the bottom of the meniscus.
Making sure that the measuring cylinder is vertical.
Using the largest measuring cylinder possible.
Making sure that your eye is level with the liquid surface.
10) Which row correctly gives the best pair of measuring instruments to measure the length of a
wire of about 60 cm and a diameter of 0,1 cm. Metre rule, Micrometer screw gauge.
Metre rule, 30cm rule.
Vernier calipers, Micrometer screw gauge.
Micrometer screw gauge, Vernier calipers.
Force
Force is any action push or pull that causes motion or change of
the shape of an object.
Fig
3.3.1:
Illustration of forces
Gravitational force
This refers to force of gravity which acts on objects in the universe.
This force attracts another object towards another.
The more massive the object the greater the force at which it
attracts other objects.
Can you think of any object in this world that is bigger than the
earth?
You will learn the reason why it does not tumble straight into the
sun as you go further in your studies of physics.
Frictional Force
This is the force that develops when two objects or surfaces are
pushed or pulled against each other.
Mechanical Force
It is a force that involves contact with another object.
Electrostatic force
Electrostatic forces are non-contact forces; they pull or push on
objects without touching them.
The force that exists between two charged particles that are far
apart is called electrostatic force.
Magnetic force
It is the force that exist between two magnets caused by the
interaction of their magnetic fields
Measuring Force
Force is measured by a force meter or a spring balance.
It was named after the British Scientist called Sir Isaac Newton
Force meter
Fig
3.3.3:
Spring balance
Fig
3.3.4:
MASS WEIGHT
SI unit = Kg SI unit = N
Forcemeter
Procedure
1. Cover the scale of calibrated spring balances with ‘write on’ sticky
strips.
2. Hold the force meter vertically. There is no force pulling its spring
(apart from the weight of the hook), so the reading must be zero.
Make a mark on the blank strip that will be the 0 of your force
meter scale.
4. Add another 100g mass to the forcemeter. The force pulling the
spring of the forcemeter is now approximately 2 newtons. Make a
2 newton mark on your forcemeter scale.
6. Take the masses off the forcemeter and hang the unknown mass
from it. Record the force of gravity (weight) that acts on this mass.
You can now use your forcemeter to measure any force, up to 10
Newtons.
Expected observations
Effects of Force
When force has been applied to objects, the objects behave
differently depending on the nature of the object meaning its size
and shape.
Summary
Friction
Friction is the force that resists motion.
Fig
3.3.7:
Illustration of friction
Apparatus
Force meter
Procedure:
2. Pull the spring of the force meter slowly up to the point when the
wooden box begins to move and record the force applied.
3. Add more weights on the block and record the forces required to
make it move.
Conclusion:
The weight of an object- the greater the weight, the higher the
friction as discussed already.
Importance Of Friction
Friction enables us to walk and run without slipping.
Disadvantages Of Friction
Friction makes the moving parts of engines and machines wear
and tear.
Summary
Magnetic force
A magnet is a piece of metal that attracts other magnets or metals.
Every magnet has two poles, the south and north poles.
Properties Of Magnets
1. Magnets attract magnetised objects.
2. Like poles of magnet repel and unlike poles attract each other.
4. When a magnet is left hanging freely, the South Pole and North
Pole align with the earth’s North and South Pole naturally.
Magnetic Field
This refers to the area around a magnet where the magnetic force
is experienced.
For example paperclips will get pulled towards the magnet if they
are placed in this field.
Materials:
Two books
Sheets of paper
Iron filings
2 magnets
Procedure:
1. Place the two books side by side such that they leave a space
enough for a magnet to be placed between them.
2. Place a magnet between the two books and cover with a piece of
paper.
3. Sprinkle iron filings evenly over the paper using the perforated tin
tops.
Expected Observations:
Materials:
drawing pins
coin
glass
a magnet bar
plastic ruler
wood
wire
Procedure:
1. Spread the given materials and try to pick them using a magnetic
bar.
Observations:
Wire Wood
The North Pole and the South Pole attracts together and the
opposite is true.
The pole that always points to the south is referred to as the South
Pole whilst that which always points to the North is the North Pole.
Summary
Iron and steel can become magnetized by touching them with one
pole of a magnet.
Force-Exercise 1
Answer the following questions. For each question there are four possible answers. Choose the one
you consider correct.
1) Which one of the following forces does not act at a distance? Static electricity
Friction
Gravity
Magnetism
4) Which of the surfaces below produce the most amount of friction? Grassy soccer field.
Gravel running track.
Smooth glass table top.
All of the above.
10) Four similar flat objects were pulled along different surfaces. Which object had the least
friction? On polished floor
On a water layer
On rough cement
On an oil layer
Force-Exercise 2
Answer the following questions. Each correct answer is equivalent to one mark.
2) The instruments used to measure force are either a spring balance or a __________.
6) Name the non-contact force that results from rubbing together 2 different objects.
7) State the name of a contact force that is mostly responsible for deceleration of free moving
objects.
9) What is the term used to denote the force that causes two magnets to move away from each
other?
10) State the force that is exerted by the earth on every object.
Energy
Energy is the ability to do work.
Forms of energy
Energy exists in many forms and can be changed from one form to
another.
For instance, it moves cars along the road and boats over the
water.
Energy plays our favourite songs on the radio and lights our
homes.
Chemical energy in our bodies makes our bodies grow and allows
our minds to think.
Forms of Energy
There are many forms of energy and their effects. These are
kinetic, potential, light, heat, electrical, chemical and sound.
Fig
3.4.2:
Types of energy
Potential energy
Potential energy is stored energy or energy at rest.
Examples
Fig
3.4.4:
Gravitational force: rock on top of the cliff can be used to crush the one at the
bottom.
Falling leaves
Gravity
The food eaten by people has chemical potential energy that fuels
up the body.
Facts to note
Kinetic energy
It is energy possessed by moving objects.
Kinetic energy
Fig
3.4.10
Kinetic energy
Heavy and fast moving objects have more kinetic energy than small
and slow ones.
In other words the heavier and faster an object is, the more kinetic
energy it possesses.
Fig.3.4.11:
When these balls splash into the water, the extent of displacement
is greater for the heavier object compared to the smaller one, as
shown in Fig 3.4.12.
Fig
3.4.12
This means that heavy and fast objects make more impact, for
example, in the above diagram, the heavy ball made more splash
than the less heavy one.
Heat energy.
Procedure
2. Push the brick or tin down. (Stand aside to avoid hitting yourself or
others).
Expected Observations
Conclusion
Before they take off they possess chemical potential energy which
is converted into kinetic energy as they start to move.
As they move, they also convert kinetic energy into both sound and
heat energy.
Facts To Note
Energy possessed by moving objects is called movement or kinetic
energy.
All moving objects, both big and small, possess kinetic energy.
Reference……..Ruzivo Digital Learning
63 | P a g e
Light energy
Another form of energy is light energy.
Used by cameras.
2. Moon
3. Stars
Glow worm
2. Torch
3. Lamp
4. Candle
5. Light bulb
6. Gas lamp
Materials
screen
Procedure
2. Put the boards in a straight line with the holes lining together.
5. Shift any board slightly up or down out of line and try to peek
through the holes again.
Expected Observations
Light can be seen through the three holes when they are in a
straight line.
We cannot see the light when a board has been moved out of line.
This means that light travels in a straight line and cannot bend to
follow holes.
Light Is Reflected
Light can be reflected by shiny objects.
If you could travel at the speed of light, you could go around the
Earth 7.5 times in one second.
Objects that does not allow light to pass through are called opaque
objects.
Materials
Light source
Screen
Opaque object
Procedure:
Expected Observations
If the light source is moved further away from the object a smaller
shadow is formed because less light is blocked.
Facts to note
Sun, fire, electric bulbs, candles and the moon are some of the
sources of light energy.
Heat energy
Heat energy is a form of energy that can be transferred from one
particle to another as a result of differences in temperature.
Burning fuels produces heat energy and in many cases, along with
light.
Materials:
Bunsen burner
Tongs
Procedure:
1. Light the burner and adjust the flame to light blue.
2. Holding one end of the magnesium ribbon with tongs, place the
other end in the flame until it ignites.
Expected observations
Transfer Of Heat
Heat can be transferred through three processes which are:
Conduction, Convection and Radiation; these will be covered in
detail, later, in the subject of energy.
Facts To Note
Some sources of light are also sources of heat energy.
Heat is also produced where two objects rub against each other,
due to friction.
Sound energy
Sound energy is produced through vibration.
The vibrations are the small and very fast forward and backward
movements.
The shorter the length the higher the pitch and the longer the
strings the lower the pitch.
Thick strings and larger diameters will produce low pitched sound
and thin strings and smaller diameters produces high pitched
sound.
Higher energy will result in louder sounds whilst lower energy will
result in blunter sounds, for example when hitting a drum.
When air from the lungs pass over the stretched vocal cords and
the vibrations are modified by the tongue and the lips, speech is
produced.
Materials:
Two tins,
a 10m string
Procedure
2. Make string to pass through the holes of the tins and tie knots at
each end of the string as shown on the diagram below.
3. Hold the tins in such a way that the string is kept tight and talk to
each other.
Fig
3.4.20:
Expected Observation: People can hear each other when they talk through the tins.
Facts to note
Sound can travel through liquids, gases and solids but not through
a vacuum.
Energy conversions
Energy conversion is the process of changing one form of energy
to another.
Fig
3.4.21:
Energy conversions
Light energy can also be changed into electrical energy by the use
of a solar cell or photovoltaic cell.
Energy chains
Energy chains refer to a series of how energy conversions occur in
sequence.
Below are some examples of how energy can change from one
form to another. These are called energy chains.
Energy Converters
An energy converter is any device that converts energy from one
form to another. The following are examples:
Solar Panels
Fig
3.4.23:
The solar panel converts solar energy to electrical and heat energy.
When producing solar power, the solar panels collect energy from
the sun and convert it to electrical energy which is stored in the
batteries as chemical energy.
Solar Inverters
A solar inverter converts the electricity from solar panels’ direct
current (DC) into alternating current (AC) that can be used by the
plugs in houses for TVs, computers, and other wired products.
Solar inverters
Green Plants
Fig 3.4.26: Green plant absorbing light energy and changing it to chemical
The part of the plants that enables this process is the leaves
because of the green colour called chlorophyll which traps
sunlight.
Pistons drive a shaft that eventually makes the wheels of the train
turn.
Electricity generators
Hydro- Electric Generators
Hydroelectric power is power derived from the energy of falling
water and running water.
Thermal-Electric Conversion
Thermal power stations use steam to drive generators.
Facts to note
Energy-Exercise 1
Answer the following questions. For each question there are four possible answers. Choose the one
you consider correct.
1) If you hit strongly on a drum the sound is louder, this is an indication that sound is related to
__________. energy
food
light
metals
2) Which of the following items shows elastic potential energy? A stretched catapult.
A stone on a hill.
A cell
Water in a dam.
3) The energy which makes the water cycle work comes from the __________. air pressure
sun
thunder
wind
light energy
electrical energy
chemical potential energy
10) Choose the most suitable energy chain for the changes taking place when you rub your fingers
on the table top. Kinetic → heat → chemical
Chemical → kinetic → heat
Heat → potential → kinetic
Sound → chemical → kinetic
Energy-Exercise 2
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
[Soda, kinetic, petrol, diesel, battery, heat, electricity, wheel, sound, piano, firewood,
light, candle.]
From the list above, select the form of energy that always moves in a straight line.
10) Which form of energy is conveniently converted to various other forms in the home?
12) Name the energy from the sun that is changed into electricity.
13) The electrical energy converted by the solar panel is later converted into __________ energy in
a battery.
14) For questions 14 - 19, Identify the forms of energy illustrated by the diagrams.
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20) Energy cannot be created or _________, it can only be changed from one form to another.
Magnetism
Magnets pull some metals towards itself.
Metals (alloys) that contain iron, nickel and cobalt are magnetic.
Types of magnets
Broadly speaking, there are permanent and temporary magnets.
Shapes of magnets
Fig
3.5.2
Magnetic materials
Substances which are strongly attracted by magnets are called
magnetic substances.
Magnetic materials
Non-magnetic materials
Substances which are not attracted by a magnet are called non-
magnetic substances.
Properties Of A Magnet
One end (North Pole) of a magnet always points towards north
direction and the other end (South Pole) of a magnet always points
towards the south direction.
They exert similar charges the same way electric charges exert
forces on each other.
Materials:
Thread or string
Retort stand
Bar magnet
Fig
3.5.6
Procedure
4. Take the compass and put it besides the suspended bar magnet.
Expected Observations
The suspended bar magnet is always points in the north-south
direction.
In all the trials the same end of the bar magnet always swing
toward the North of the pole.
Conclusion
The more the lines of force (high density), the stronger the field.
Polarity
A magnet has two opposite poles, the North-seeking (N-pole), and
the South-seeking pole (S-pole). No magnet has ever been made
or found with a single pole.
Repulsion between like poles is the only sure test for a real magnet
(as opposed to a magnetic material).
Fig 3.5.10 shows the magnetic field lines created when two bar
magnets are attracting each other (opposite poles).
Fig
3.5.10
Iron filings
Continuous lines of force running from one pole to the other show
attraction.
The field between the two poles attracting each other is the same
as the field around one bar magnet.
The space about the midpoint between the two like poles is
completely devoid of iron filings. This is evidence of repulsion.
Magnetism-Exercise 1
Answer the following questions. For each question there are four possible answers. Choose the one
you consider correct.
1) How would you identify the North Pole from magnetic field lines? Where magnetic field lines
leave.
Where magnetic field lines return.
It points to the South Pole in the earth’s field.
It is the point where there are no lines.
2) When a bar magnet is left hanging freely, __________. it instantaneously stops swinging and
rests with its north pole facing geographical North
its swings and finally rests with its north pole facing geographical North
it swings indefinitely
it falls
3) Which of the following diagrams shows the pattern of iron filings when there is repulsion?
4) Anotida wants to magnetise a steel nail. What type of energy source should she be provided
with? A DC power supply
Lead acid accumulator
Dry cell
Alternating source
5) Thando finds an unmarked iron and wonders if it is a magnet. He can conclude that it is really a
magnet if the bar ____________. attracts another magnet
repels another magnet
can swing freely from north-south direction
loses its magnetism outside a magnetic field
6) Anotida wants to demagnetise a steel nail. What type of energy source should she be provided
with? 12V DC
Lead acid accumulator
Dry cell
Alternating source
7) Iron and steel can both be magnetised by placing them in a coil connected to a d.c supply. What
is correct about the magnetic strengths of the two? Steel is stronger.
Iron is not magnetised.
They have equal strength unless the current is switched off.
Iron is stronger.
8) Choose the description that is not an example of the use of magnets. Loud speakers
Compass
Telephone receivers
Solar cells
10) If it is necessary to protect sensitive equipment from magnetic fields, the equipment should be
place inside a box surrounded by __________. steel
iron
rubber
copper
Electricity
Static electricity
Electrostatic Charging
Atoms have equal numbers of electrons and protons so that
materials carry no charge.
Static electricity
Glass on the other hand has an electron losing tendency while silk
has an electron gaining tendency.
When a glass rod is rubbed with silk electrons move from the glass
to the silk as shown in the diagram below.
Fig
3.6.3:
Metals are the best conductors because they have many loosely
held electrons in their atoms.
Insulators are normally used to separate live wires away from each
other to prevent electric sparks.
CONDUCTORS INSULATORS
Zinc Paper
Aluminium Glass
Zinc Wood
Iron Rubber
Materials
Copper
Glass
Plastic
Brass
Paper
Zinc
Rubber
Iron
Procedure
1. Join the cell, copper wire and light bulb to make a complete circuit
(Fig 3.6.5). A complete circuit is one which makes the light bulb to
light up.
3. Put the test materials in the gap in turn and observe what happens
to the light bulb with each material. This is called completing a
circuit.
Fig
3.6.5:
Expected Observation
The light bulb lights up using the copper wire at the beginning.
When a gap is opened between the copper wires the light goes out.
When the test materials are exchanged, some cause the bulb to
light on whilst some do not.
Materials that will cause lamp to Materials that will not cause lamp to
turn on turn on
Brass paper
zinc plastic
Iron
Materials
2 carbon rods
2 cloths pegs
Plastic cup
Glass rod
Water
Oil
Alcohol
Copper sulphate
Salt solution
Sugar solution
Fig
3.6.6:
Procedure
1. Make a circuit with water and observe whether the bulb lights on.
2. Stir a teaspoon full measure of salt into the water and observe.
3. Throw the salt and water solution away and rinse the cup.
4. Put fresh water into the cup, add and stir sugar. Dip the connected
rods and observe the light. Repeat this with fresh water with
dissolved copper sulphate crystals.
5. Throw away the water, then test the remaining test materials
(lemon juice, oil, alcohol and then dilute sulphuric acid) in turn.
Fig
3.6.7:
Expected Observations
Materials that cause the bulb to light are conductors and those that
do not are insulators.
Oil Non-electrolyte
Alcohol Non-electrolyte
Facts to note
Sources of electricity
The following are alternative sources of electrical energy:
2. Thermal stations
3. Generators
4. Batteries
5. Solar panels
Uses of electricity
3. Moving machines.
Electric Circuits
The table below shows electric symbols.
Circuit Symbols
Voltmeter
Ammeter
Resistor
On-off switch
Lamp
Cell
Battery
Wire
The voltage across the circuit is the sum of the voltages across
each component.
When one bulb is removed or burns out all the other bulbs go off.
When more bulbs are added the brightness of the light fades until
they stop shining.
Table
3.6.10
Series connection
1 ampere=1 coulomb/sec
Electric current can only flow through a material that can conduct
electricity.
an ammeter
Voltage
Voltage is basically the force that makes the electric charge move.
Voltage is also known as potential difference.
1 volt=joule/coulomb
A voltmeter
Materials:
A torch bulb
Crocodile clips
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Battery holder
Electric cables
Procedure
5. Add the third cell and record the current and voltage.
6. Fill the results of in a table like the one below (Table 3.6.5).
Table
3.6.13
Conclusion
Facts to note
Circuit boards
A circuit board is a thin rigid board containing an electric circuit. It
can also be a printed circuit.
Fig
3.6.14
Electricity-Exercise 1
Answer the following questions. For each question there are four possible answers. Choose the one
you consider correct.
1) One of the following is a non-metal that conducts electricity. From the choices below which
material can be that non-metal? Rubber
Plastic
Polythene
Carbon
2) In a simple series circuit, why does the bulb light up when you close the switch? The switch
produces electricity.
Closing the switch completes the circuit.
Closing the switch breaks the circuit.
The switch produces the circuit.
5) Sugar solution does not conduct electricity because ___________. it is too sweet
it forms a lot of ions in the solution
it does not form ions in the solution
it is too concentrated
a conductor
a semi-metal
an inductor
10) Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity? A charged woollen cloth.
A plastic ruler.
Carbon
Pure water
Electricity-Exercise 2
Answer the following questions. Each correct answer is equivalent to one mark.
1) Electric charge that actually flows from the negative terminal to the positive is due to particles
called __________.
7) Materials that do not allow electric charges to pass through are called ___________.
8) Materials that do not allow electric charges to pass through are called ___________.
10) Name the contraption which turns electricity on and off in an electric circuit?
13) For question 13 - 23, decide whether the following materials are conductors or insulators.
Iron
14) Wood
15) Aluminium
17) Leather
18) Feather
19) Copper
20) Glass
21) Gold
22) Plastic