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30 views

Valenton ATQE7

Uploaded by

Kirk Salvador
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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P. R. Valenton / Chemistry 31.

1 (2023) P a g e |1

Alcohols, Ethers, and Phenols


Prince Jose R. Valenton
Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
Performed 25 October 2023; Submitted 08 November 2023

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS

1. Give the balanced equations for all the reactions.

- Lucas Test

- Reaction of phenols

- Oxidation of alcohol

- Complexation of FeCl3

2. Explain why Lucas test is applicable only to alcohols containing 5 or less carbons.

- The alcohol reacts with HCl and ZnCl 2 to form an alkyl chloride in the Lucas test. The rate of reaction is
determined by the type of alcohol. Tertiary alcohols react quickly, secondary alcohols react slowly, and
primary alcohols do not react at all. As the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol chain grows, so does
the reaction rate that’s why lucas test is only applicable to alcohols containing 5 or less carbons. [1]
[1] Vedantu. Lucas test. www.vedantu.com. https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/lucas-test.

3. Explain why tertiary alcohols and ethers cannot undergo oxidation upon reaction with potassium permanganate.

*Prince Jose Valenton. Mobile: 0912992309


E-mail address: [email protected]
P. R. Valenton / Chemistry 31.1 (2023) P a g e |2

- Tertiary alcohols cannot undergo oxidation upon reaction with potassium permanganate since the carbon
that has an OH group do not have a hydrogen directly bonded to its since its bonded to 1 OH group and
3 other carbon atoms therefore there are no C-H bonds for us to proceed to oxidation. And for ethers its
structure is an oxygen atom bonded to 2 carbon atoms since what is needed for oxidation is an O-H bond
so you can remove the electrons by removing the hydrogen from it so ethers also cannot undergo
oxidation upon reaction with potassium permanganate. [2]
[2] Alcohol Reactivity. www.chemistry.msu.edu.
https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/alcohol2.htm.

4. Explain the relationship between the structures of the phenolic compounds with their expected pH values.

- Depending on whether the substituent is electron-withdrawing or electron-donating, substituted phenols


can be more or less acidic than phenol itself. Phenols with electron-withdrawing substituents are more
acidic because they delocalize the negative charge and is stabilized through resonance while phenols with
electron-donating substituents are less acidic because increasing the electron density around the oxygen
atom of the OH group, making it less susceptible to loss of proton. In the nitro groups you can see the
impact of different positions of the substituents to the acidity, since if it’s in ortho position it will have a
stronger resonance stabilization with the conjugate base it means it is more acidic. [3]

[3] Soto-Hernández, M.; Mariana Palma Tenango. Phenolic Compounds; BoD – Books on Demand, 2017.

*Prince Jose Valenton. Mobile: 0912992309


E-mail address: [email protected]

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